身体不适英语学习 职业安全健康

2021年1月18日发(作者：雪花剪纸)
Occupational health and
safety

Objectives
1. Understand the context for occupational
health and safety (OHS) in Australia.

2. Understand the major features of the
legislative context for OHS.

3. Identify OHS implications of an ageing
workforce.

4. Identify the basic features of an OHS
management system.

5. Understand the concept of a 憇afety
culture?.

6. Discuss the relationship of human resource
management (HRM) and OHS.

Defining occupational
health and safety

The physical, physiological and
psychosocial conditions of an
organisation抯 workforce, related to
aspects of work and the work context.
Promotion of OHS in the workplace
Provision of safe work systems
Prevention of industrial injuries and
disease
Protection of the health and safety of the
public in relation to work activities
Specification of penalties for breaches of
the Acts
Rehabilitation and maximum recovery
from incapacity for injured workers

Workers compensation and rehabilitation
legislation
Vocational rehabilitation
OHS regulation
Codes of practice and national standards
Industrial relations
Recent research shows that simple conclusions
with regard to the relationships between OHS
and age are not possible.

It is necessary to consider the workplace context,
influential factors, and differential impacts and
outcomes related to OHS for older workers.

Numerous misconceptions have led to age
discrimination in the workplace. Although older
workers are sometimes perceived as slower,
less flexible, prone to illness and accidents,
more resistant to change and uninterested in
training, there is research evidence that
contradicts these perceptions.

The management of
occupational health and
safety

OHS management systems:
Organisational policy and programs that cover the
planning, implementation, evaluation and
improvement of OHS in an organisation.

OHS policy. A written statement approved by top
management, typically accompanied by a set of
OHS programs, rules and instructions, that
identifies OHS accountabilities and sets out the
ways in which OHS compliance will be met.

OHS program. A plan designed for policy
implementation that identifies the OHS procedures,
practices and people necessary to reach policy
objectives.

Safety climate and culture

Safety climate:
The attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and values that
employers and employees share in relation to
safety梚t is a subset of culture.

Safety culture:
Results from individual and group values, attitudes,
perceptions, competencies and behaviours that
determine the commitment to, and the style and
effectiveness of, an organisation抯 OHS
management.

Safety cultures include
awareness of factors such as:

OHS practices and procedures

management of risk

work pressures

communication of OHS issues in the workplace

importance of OHS in training and performance
appraisal

management/supervisory attitudes towards OHS

safety of equipment and facilities

management /supervisory actions in response to
OHS issues

employee understanding of OHS policies and
procedures

employee participation in activities related to OHS

Elements of occupational
health and safety
management systems

Organisation, responsibility and accountability

Consultative arrangements

Specific OHS program elements, such as:

OHS rules and procedures
training programs
workplace inspections
incident reporting and investigation
statement of principles for hazard prevention and control
data collection, analysis and record keeping
OHS promotion and information provision
emergency procedures
medical and first-aid facilities and procedures
Occupational health and
safety auditing

A systematic examination against
established criteria, conducted
regularly to identify deviations from the
OHS management system and
determine whether these deviations
can compromise health, safety and
productivity.
Identification of standards

Allocation of resources

Identification and communication of job hazards

Hazard evaluation and implementation of OHS
programs

Analysis and evaluation of results

OHS program and workplace improvement

HRM strategies for
occupational health and
safety

Structural strategies
Job design
Health promotion, training and
development programs
Diversity management
Reward management
Summary

OHS strategies and practices can
contribute to the competitive advantage
of the organisation.
Components of an OHS program should
be integrated with the overall strategies
and practices of the organisation.