地心抢险记如何做好高中英语阅读理解

2021年1月18日发(作者：西交利物浦大学怎么样)
如何做好高中阅读理解




一、阅读最基本的要素——词汇
词汇是一点点积累起来的，从现在开始一直到高考，每天按照 自己的情况去定量背单词，
也可以每天保持一小段时间的泛读，是活跃英文思维、积累词汇的最好方式之 一，这个时间
可以是早晨、午休、甚至是睡前。不要去执着于读了多久或读懂多少，只要明确一点，即读
了就比没读好。
二、阅读最重要的原则——顺序
“顺序”原则，即出题的顺序和行 文顺序基本一致。阅读理解的题型无外乎三四大题型：
细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测 题，但不论哪种题型出题的顺序一般都遵
循“顺序”原则。
（1）细节理解题
1）直接细节题：此类题是对原文直接信息的考察，只要理解字面意思即可答题。
2）间接细 节题：此类题往往不能直接找到答案，需要对信息进行加工处理，简单归纳、
概括才能答题。
3）是非判断题：此类题型有两种形式：三对一错或三错一对。一般情况下此类题中出
现all, never, only等完全肯或完全否定的词时，及排除。
4）排列顺序题：此类题一般在选项中 列举一些具体的事实，然后让考生进行排序，做
这类型题根据事情的发生的先后顺序或时间顺序以及句子 间的逻辑关系。
5）图文匹配题：这类型的题比较简单，因为它增加了试题的直观性，此类题分两种：
一是依文选图；二是依图选文。
6）数字计算题：此类题会涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等 计算。做这类型题，把文
中出现的数字全都做上标记，找出相关计算方式计算即可得出答案。
（2）推理判断题（要求精读文章）
1）细节推断题：通过文章的字面意思领悟作者的言外之意和文章的真正含义。这类题
得精读文章，理解文章真正含义。
2）态度倾向题：这类题得通过理解文章基础上判断。
3）篇章结构题：这类题型要求考生必须对文章结构、作者的写作思路掌握。
4）写作方法题：要求必须知道一些写作方法的英文写法。比如举例子、下定义、对比
等。
（3）主旨大意题
1）段落大意题和文章大意题：概括、归纳文章大意。此类题学生要学会一“找”；二
“概括”找文首、文尾、文首和文尾、文中、段首、短尾、段首和短尾；利用找到的
信息进行归纳概括。
2）写作意图题：在理解文章大意基础上判断作者写作意图。主要还是理解文章主旨大
意。
3）标题归纳题：选标题切记不能太大，即与主旨大意里的远，显得空洞。；不能太小，
即标题只含有文章部分内容，不全面。
（4）词义猜测题
1）代词猜测：此类题在词义猜测题中是属于简单题型，只要结合上下文理解代词所指
代的对象是谁即可。
2）熟词语境义：此类型题词语均是大纲词汇，只是要结合上下文理解在语境中的意思。
3）超纲生词：此类题是词义猜测题中较难的，需要考生对文章理解的基础上猜测生词
的意义，要求考生词汇量要丰富。通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，
常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
三、读理解的解题核心——定位
“定位”即每一道题我们在 原文中都能找到它出现的位置。但怎么准确的定位是我们学
习的关键。
（1）先读问题，了解问了“什么”。
（2）读问题，找出问题关键词。
（3）文中定位。
（4）根据定位句解题，如果定位句不够全面，就结合段落中心句，定位句 的上句加下
句，组成解题“黄金三角区”进行解题。
总结：正确选项一定要“定位”到原文， 有“对应”，有“改写”；而错误选项则是“定位”
错误、“无中生有”、“拼凑细节”、“偷换概念” 、“扩大范围”和“凭借常识”。




1、掌握高中英语阅读理解解题技巧；
2、熟悉细节理解、推理判断、猜测词义、观点态度、主旨大意等阅读理解的基本题型。


(1)
Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone, and
some New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city can’t wait to try them on and use the
maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.
“I’d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m. and going to the bar and wanted to see
what was open,”said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.
The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $$250 and $$600,
the Times said, possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的)reality, a technology already
available on smartphones and tablets(平板电脑)that overlays information onto the screen about
one’s surroundings. So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up
showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right
on the sidewalk in front of you.
“As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isn’t something anybody needs,”said
Sam Biddle, who writes for . “We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket
to do all these things,”he added,“and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another
device(装置)that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”
9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphone-like glasses
since late last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as
common as smartphones.
“It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago,” Weintraub said. “A few people started getting
emails on their phones, and people thought that was crazy. Same kind of thing. We see people
bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and it’s unnatural,” he said. “There’s gonna be
improvements to that, and this a step there.”
【文章大意】作者介绍了一种迷你手机型的眼镜的用途,以及不同的人对它的不同看法。
of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses is to .
A. program the opening hours of a bar
B. supply you with a picture of the future
C. provide information about your surroundings
D. update the maps and GPS in your smartphones
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“...information onto the screen about one’s
surroundings.”可知,这种迷你手机型的眼镜 有地图和GPS装置,可以在屏幕上显示你周围环境
的信息,故答案选C。A、D表述错误;B项没有提 到。
underlined phrase “pop up”in the third paragraph probably means“ ”.
A. develop rapidly
B. get round quickly
C. appear immediately
D. go over automatically
【解析】选 C。根据上句可知,这种眼镜的屏幕上会显示你周围环境的信息,因此当你逛街的
时候,指示器会立刻为 你指明最近的咖啡馆并绘制方向路线。
ing to Sam Biddle, the smartphone-like glasses are .
A. necessary for teenagers
B. attractive to New Yorkers
C. available to people worldwide
D. expensive for average consumers
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据Sam Biddle的话“...be able to afford another device that’s
hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”可知,他认为这种眼镜对于普通消费者来说是昂贵的,故答案
选D。
can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphone-like glasses .
A. may have a potential market
B. are as common as smartphones
C. are popular among young adults
D. will be improved by a new technology
【解 析】选A。段落大意题。最后两段是用Weintraub的观点来说明这种手机将会有很大的
市场。B 、C项还没有实现;D项没有提及。
(2)
You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail
Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should
result in you getting wet. That’s why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain-sensing
umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.
“Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up
people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built
into a street lamp.”he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a
built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器)then
ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp
which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the
canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to
cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning
strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed(安装)at 2
metres off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently
introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on
any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文, 主要介绍了设计师Belyaev的一项创造Lampbrel la及
它的工作原理、安全性、应用前景等方面的知识。
1. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?
A. To predict a heavy rain.
B. To check the weather forecast.
C. To protect people from the rain.
D. To remind people to take an umbrella.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三句...Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting
to check the weather forecast....That’s why he created Lampbrella.可知他创造Lampbrella的目的
是为了防止人们被雨淋, 所以选C。
2. What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?
A. His creation was inspired by an experience.
B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.
C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.
D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段可知他的这种想法是 在看到俄罗斯圣彼得堡一个中
心街道上人们被雨淋时产生的。所以选A。
3. Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?
A. motor→canopy→sensors
B. sensors→motor→canopy
C. motor→sensors→canopy
D. canopy→motor→sensors
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段, 这种Lampbrella是一个被配备了伞篷(canopy)的
路灯杆, 它有一个内置的电动机(electric motor)和几个传感器(sensors), 可以在下雨时给行人
提供保护。首先是传感器感知有雨, 然后通过电动机给伞篷提供动力。所以选B。
4. What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?
A. Its moving speed. B. Its appearance. C. Its installation. D. Its safety.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据本段中的...the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low
speed, ...it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.及Being installed at 2
metres off the ground...可知, 本段主要在强调Lampbrella的安全性, 所以选D。
5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The designer will open a company to promote his product.
B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.
C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical.
D. The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“insists his creation could be installed on any
street where...”可知, 他认为自己的产品是很实用的。而A、D两项没提, B项错在immediate,
所以选C。




A
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link
between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the
moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies, compared
with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able
to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its
regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the
first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful
pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures
of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when
the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what
we don’t see—and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to
show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain‘speak’to each other to
change our feelings and reduce fear, ”Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it
could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders,
and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
1. What is the finding of the study?
A. One’s heart affects how he feels fear.
B. Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.
C. Fear has something to do with one’s health.
D. One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
study was carried out by analyzing .
A. volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C. volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism”in Paragraph 6?
A. Order. B. System. C. Machine. D. Treatment.
study may contribute to .
A. treating anxiety and stress better
B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C. finding the key to the heart-brain communication
D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
Keys: 1----4. ACBA
B
Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean, an S-shaped body of
water covering 33 million square miles. The Atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the Mediterranean
as the inland sea of Western civilization. Unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the
Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness. It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much
written about by ancient poets.
“Storm at Sea”, a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankind’s
earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.
When the wind is from the west
All the waves that cannot rest
To the east must thunder on
Where the bright tree of the sun