秘密花园韩剧英语语法入门笔记(崔荣容)

2021年1月18日发(作者：凶狠的反义词)
英语语法入门 崔荣容

第一讲 语序和五种基本句式
He learns English every day.
他每天学习英语。
（中英语序不同）

英语五种基本句式
一、主+谓
二、主+系+表
系动词：起到联系作用的动词，连接主语与表语。
表语：描述主语的身份、性质、特征、状态
三、主+谓+宾
主语：动作发出者
谓语：作出的动作
宾语：动作的对象
四、主+谓+间宾+直宾
间宾：通常是人
直宾：通常是物
五、主+谓+宾+宾补
宾补：对宾语的补充说明

一、主+谓
The universe remains.
宇宙长存
中英文语序一致
二、主+系+表
The food is delicious.
这个食物很好吃
中英文语序一致
三、主+谓+宾
He took his bag and left.（left是第二个谓语）
他拿着他的包离开了
中英文语序一致
四、主+谓+间宾+直宾
Her father bought her a dictionary. buy sb sth（双宾语）
她爸爸给她买了一本词典 （her与 a dictionary，两个宾语，一个是人、
一个是物）
中英文语序一致
五、主+谓+宾+宾补
We made him our monitor.
我们选他当班长
（him与 our monitor，都是指同一个人，our monitor是对him的补充说明）
中英文语序一致


Nothing is impossible to a willing heart!
有志者事竟成！



第二讲 be动词的形式和用法
一、be动词的形式：be、am、is、are、was、were、being 、been
1、 The man is back.
2、 They are back.
3、 He was back.
4、 They were back.
5、 They have been back.
6、 I’ll be back.
上述“back”是副词，构成主系表结构。

二、be动词的用法：起到联系前后 的作用(一般翻译为“是”，或无实意而不
作翻译)，多用于主系表结构。后面接名词、形容词、地点副 词或短语作补足
语成分。
1、 The man is a teacher. a teacher是名词
2、 Mary’s new dresses are colorful. colorful是形容词
3、 My mother was in the kitchen. in the kitchen是地点副词。
4、 I am 20. 数词也可做表语
5、 It’s me. 代词也可做表语

三、be动词的练习
1、 他们是老师
They are teachers.
2、 他曾是一名老师
He was a teacher before.
3、 他已经当了3年的老师
He has been a teacher for 3 years.


第三讲 be动词的否定/提问/回答
一、be动词的否定
在am、is、are、was、were后面加not
缩略式am not，isn’t,aren’t,wasn’t,weren’t
1、 The man isn’t back.
2、 I am not back.
3、 They aren’t back.
4、 He wasn’t back.
5、 They weren’t back.

二、使用be动词提问和回答
Is he a teacher？
Yes,he is./No,he isn’t.

Are you a teacher?
Yes,I am./No,I am not.

Were they teachers?
Yes,they were./No,they weren’t.

三、be动词的练习：
1、 他是医生吗？
Is he a doctor?
不，他不是
No,he isn’t.
2、 他们昨天在教室吗？
Were they in the classroom yesterday?
Yes,they were./No,they weren’t.

3、 他们昨天不在教室
They weren’t in the classroom yesterday.


第四讲 代词的主格和宾格
主格代词：I he she it you we they
1、I am a teacher.
2、He is a teacher.
3、You are teachers.

宾格代词：me him her it you us them
1、 He likes me.
2、 We like her.
3、 I like them.

练习
1、 我喜欢它
I like it.
2、他们认识他
They know him.


第五讲 名词性/形容词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词：（后接名词）
单数形式：my your his/her/its one’s
复数形式：our your their
1、 This is my book.
2、 We love our motherland.
3、 Those are your socks.

名词性物主代词：
单数形式：mine yours his/hers/its one’s
复数形式：ours yours theirs
1、 The book is ours.
2、 The apple is hers.

练习
1、 我的老师是中国人
My teacher is Chinese.
2、 这个电脑是他们的
This computer is theirs.
3、 我们的书在书架上
Our book is on the shelf.
主格 宾格 形容词性物名词性物反身代词
主代词 主代词
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves


第六讲 反身代词
单数myself yourself himself herself itself
复数ourselves yourselves themselves

反身代词的用法：（指某人自己，通常是主语的“自己”）
1、 Please help yourself to some fish.请随便吃些鱼吧
yourself在动词help后作宾语。
2、 We enjoyed ourselves last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心
ourselves在动词enjoyed后作宾语。
3、 The thing itself is not important.这件事本身不重要
反身代词itself在名词The thing后作同位语，起到解释、说明名词
的作用。

练习
1、 Take good care of（yourself ） 照顾好……
2、 She gained control of (herself ) 控制住了……


第七讲 实意动词的特征
实意动词come go read watch play fly

1、He comes from Shenyang.
实意动词comes作谓语，后接介词短语from Shenyang作宾语
动词come 有一般现在时“单三”的变化

2、She is reading story books.
实意动词reading作谓语，后接动词story books作宾语
动词read有现在进行时的变化

3、They went to America yesterday.
动词go 有一般过去时“went”的变化

4、We have watched the game for three times.
动词watch 有现在完成时“watched”的变化
现在完成时：动作已经发生或对现在造成影响

5、My mother will fly back to China next month.
一般将来时：will+动词原形

总结：实意动词有时态与数量（三单）上的变化

练习：
1、他昨天来上海了
He came to ShangHai yesterday.
2、我们正在写作业
We are writing homework.

3、他们读这本书已经读3遍了
They have read this book three times.


第八讲 实意动词的否定/提问/回答
(一般现在时与一般过去时)
使用助动词进行否定
在助动词do does did后面加not
do not/don’t
does not/doesn’t
did not/didn’t

例句：
1.I don’t go to school by bus.
doesn’t watch TV everyday.
didn’t swim last night.

使用助动词进行提问
1. He often plays golf.
Does he often play golf?
Yes,he does./No,he doesn’t.

2. They go to school by bus.
Do they go to school by bus?
Yes they do./No,they don’t.

3. Sam had breakfast yesterday.
Did Sam have breakfast yesterday?
Yes,he did./No,he didn’t.

练习：
1. 他每天都学英语吗？
Does he learn English everyday?
是的，他每天都学英语
Yes,he does.

2. Tom昨天没吃早饭
Tom didn’t have breakfast yesterday.

第九讲 使用疑问词进行提问和回答（1）
(一般现在时与一般过去时)
使用疑问词进行提问
when,where,who,what,how
时间、地点、人物、干什么、怎样

例句
He bought three books yesterday.
1 2 3
1. Who bought three books yesterday?
对主语提问，原语序不变
2. What did he buy yesterday?
对宾语提问时，将助动词提前，并还原动词。
3. When did he buy three books?
对状语提问时，将助动词提前，并还原动词。


They wanted to go to ShangHai by air.
1 2 3
1. Who wanted to go to ShangHai by air?
2. Where did they want to go by air?
3. How did they want to go to ShangHai?

第十讲 使用疑问词进行提问和回答（2）

使用疑问词进行提问
how long, how far, how often, why
多长时间，多远， 多长时间一次，为什么

1. They have been in China for three years.