信息发展小学生英语动词基本语法与练习

2021年1月18日发(作者：沉鱼落雁闭月羞花)

小学生英语动词基本语法与练习
动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。
根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是实义动词（指某个具体的静态如：think,
love 等或动态如：run, walk 等）、系动词（常用的是be, feel, get, look, taste等）、助动
词（常用的是do, does, did等用来构成否定句及疑问句）、情态动词（常用的有can, may,
must, shall, should等，情态动词后一定要跟动词原形）。
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1) 动词的基本形式
绝绝大部分动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第 三人称单数、现在分词、过
去式和过去分词。
A. 第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的
方法大体相同 ：
1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work-works, write-writes.
2. 以o,s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词，后加es，如guess-guesses, mix-mixes,
finish-finishes, catch-catches.
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i加es，如study-studies.
注：不规则变化的有have-has
B. 现在分词的构成
1. 一般情况下在动词后加ing，如study-studying, work-working.
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e再加ing，如write-writing,
move-moving.
3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，要双写 末尾一个辅音字母，
再加ing，如get-getting, begin- beginning.




4. 以ie结尾的名词，一般将ie改为y，再加ing，如lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying.
C. 过去式和过去分词的构成
1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask-asked, work-worked.
2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love-loved, dance-danced.
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i加ed，如try-tried, study-studied.
4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾一个字母，再加e
d，如stop- stopped.
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练习：
I. 用be 动词的适当形式填空
1. __________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he __________.
__________ in the classroom．
__________ my books﹖
___________her pears.
much _________the T-shirt?
much __________ the socks?
mother _________forty last year.
can _________ in our school music club.
's ___________friends.
and I _________friends.
e __________ in the room.
12. There ____ some apples on the table yesterday.
II．划出每句中准确的词


1.(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa?
2.(Where/What)are your baseball?
3.(Do/Does)Mary have a clock?
4.(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?
5. .(Is/Can)she play the violin?
6.I (don't/ doesn't)like hamburgers.
does Alice (likes/like)music?
(am/is) your father?
9.(What/What's) her favorite subject?
much (are/is) her socks?
11. I (am, is, was, were) busy last week.
12. Tom and I (am, are, was, were) late for school yesterday.
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13. I (walk, walks, walked, walking) to school last Saturday.
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14. Rose (does not, did not, ) visit her uncle last month.
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15. There (is, was, are, were) a lot of people over there ten years ago.
III．写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式。
如：look - looks - looking- looked
drink_________ _________ _________
go _________ _________ _________
stay _________ _________ _________
make _________ _________ _________


teach_________ _________ _________
ride _________ _________ _________
have_________ _________ _________
pass_________ _________ _________
carry _________ _________ _________
come_________ _________ _________
watch_________ _________ _________
plant_________ _________ _________
fly_________ _________ ____________
study_________ _________ _________
brush_________ _________ _________
read_________ _________ _________
run _________ _________ _________
write_________ _________ _________
swim_________ _________ _________
get_________ _________ __________
say_________ _________ __________
take _________ _________ _________
see_________ _________ __________
begin_________ _________ _________
dance_________ _________ _________


IV.用所给词的准确形式填空。
1. Let me _______ (help) you find your purse.
2. Would you like__________(buy) things for New Year's Day?
3. I like __________( make) kites.
4. He can________ (skate) better than ME.
5. You must ___
____( listen) to your teacher in class.
6. They enjoy________(play) basketball.
7. She wants________(watch) cartoons.
8. It's time for us ________( read) books.
知识要点
2). 一般现在时
一般现在时的用法：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
4. 有时这个时态 表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数
动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。 如：The me
eting begins at seven.会议7点开始。


5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：
If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.如果你今天下午来，我们将开会。
一般现在时的结构：


1. be动词：主语+be(am ,is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加或。如：Mary likes Chines
e.玛丽喜欢汉语。
一般现在时常用的时间词：often, usually, sometimes, every day(week, year...)等。
练习：
I.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.