拥戴的近义词基础英语语法大全-附练习题

2021年1月18日发(作者：验资证明)
基础英语语法大全
Contents


第一章 名词
1. 名词的数
2. 名词的格
第二章 代词
1. 人称代词
2. 物主代词
第三章 冠词 与 数词
1. 冠词
2. 数词
第四章 一般现在时态
第五章 现在进行时态
第六章 句型
1． 陈述句
2． 疑问句
3． 祈使句
4． There be 句型与have has
第七章 总结考试


第一章 名词 （Noun）
名词的概念
在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。
一、名词的数
名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以 上”时用复数；不
可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如 a piece of bread (一片面包)， 变
为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数， 如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。
*名词复数的构成法则
1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音
shop --- shops (商店) 在清辅音后读 [ s ]
bag --- bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读 [ z ]
window --- windows (窗户) 在元音后读 [ z ]
2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。
class --- classes (班级) 词尾读音[ iz ]
box --- boxes (盒子)
match --- matches (比赛)
brush --- brushes (刷子)
3. 以“辅音字母 +y” 结尾的词， 变y为 i 加es.
story --- stories (故事) 词尾读音[ iz ]
4. 以“元音字母 +y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s
key --- keys 词尾读音[ z ]
monkey --- monkeys
5.以 “o” 结尾的名词， 复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加 “es”
tomato --- tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音[ z ]
potato --- potatoes (土豆)
zoo --- zoos (动物园)
photo --- photos (照片)
*（以 “o”结尾，复数加 “es”）口诀：
黑人(Negr o)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，
头顶一个大芒果（mango）。
6. 以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves.
leaf --- leaves (树叶) 词尾读音[ vz ]
knife --- knives ( 小刀)
*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe 变ves的单词）口诀：
妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thie f）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，
半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。
*（以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加 “s”的单词）口诀：
长颈鹿(giraffe)站在 屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。
例： roof --- roofs ( 屋顶)
7. 不规则名词复数的变化
man --- men (男人) tooth ---teeth (牙齿)
child --- children (儿童) mouse --- mice(老鼠)
foot --- feet (脚) woman --- women (女人)
8. 名词单复数形式一样
sheep --- sheep (绵羊) deer --- deer （鹿）
English --- English（英国人） Chinese --- Chinese （中国人）
*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：
男人，女人a变e；
鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；
其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；
孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。
二、名词所有格的构成法
1. 主要是在词尾加’ s 构成。如:
This is Tom’s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。
That is Mike’s book. 那是迈克的书。
2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个’ . 如:
the teachers’ reading room 教师阅览室
the pupils’ pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒
3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上’ s 。如：
the children’s palace 少年宫
men’s room 男厕所
*名词所有格口诀：
名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。








名词练习题
一、 写出下列名词的复数形式
er ____________ ____________ ______________
_____________ _____________ ______________
_____________ _____________ ________
______________ _____________ ____________
_____________ ____________ ______________
______________ ______________ 18. life ______________
19. story _____________ _____________ 21. baby _____________
_____________ fly _____________24. deer _____________
_____________ _____________ _____________
28. English ____________ ____________30. man _____________
二、汉译英
1．Tom的足球 _________________ 2. 老师们的自行车_________________
3．学生们的课桌 _________________ 4.哥哥的文具盒_________________
5．姑姑的卡片 _________________ 6.猴子们的香蕉_________________
7．蚂蚁们的早餐 _________________ 8.妈妈的包_________________
9．姐姐的连衣裙_________________ 10女孩们的苹果_________________
三、把下列句子翻译成英文
1．这些 是Peter 的篮球吗？ ________________________________________
2．这个是老师的钢笔吗？ ___________________________________________
3． 有一些书在Sam的课桌上。_____________________________________ ___
4．有一些孩子们在教室里。_____________________________ ______________
四、改错 （圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）
are some butterflys on the table. ________________________
is Alice dress. ______________________
3.I like tomato very much. __________________
五、将下列句子变成复数形式。
1．This dog is brown.
_____________________ ______________________________
2. There is a book and a pen on the table.
_________________ __________________________________

woman is a teacher.
________________________________ ___________________







能力测试卷 （名词）
一、 将下列名词变成复数形式。
tree lesson
month apple shirt
2. box bus brush
watch class fox
life leaf
Wife thief
boy monkey
baby country story
radio piano
tomato hero
6. child tooth man
Sheep English Chinese
二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ √ ”
1．The house is my brother. ________________________
2. He has visited many country. ______________________
3. They are Englishs. ______________________________
4. This is Tom red bike. ____________________________
三、选择填空
1．There are two ______ in the room.
A. Chineses B. Englishman
old man will have ___________ out.
A. two tooths B. two teeth
3. ____________ are sold in this bookstore.
A. Children’s books B. Children books
4. Some friends of _________ will come here.
A. John’s B. John
5. Can you give me ______________?
A. some papers B. a piece of paper
are ______________ on the floor.
A. some box B. some boxes
四、将下列句子变成复数形式。
1．This sheep is white.
____________________________________ _______________
2. There is a desk and a chair in the room.
_________________________________ __________________

man is a doctor.
_ __________________________________________________


第二章 代词
一、人称代词
1．人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：
数
单数
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
主格
I
you
he
she
it
We
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
复数 第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
主格与宾格：
人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。
人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。
人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I can’t write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。
2.人称代词的排列顺序
人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。
1） 单数代词：you and I; you and he he and I you ,he and I
2） 复数代词：we and they we and you you and they; we, you and they
3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she
*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；
单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；
麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；
两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。
二、物主代词
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
人称
类别
形容词性
名词性
第一人称
单数
my
mine
复数
our
our
第二人称
单数
your
yours
复数
your
yours
第三人称
单数
his,her,its
his,hers,its
复数
their
theirs
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词
例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?
It’s hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat
*关于物主代词的口诀：
物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，
my your his her its our their 不放过。
形容词性是基础，除了我的 “mine”外，其他词尾“s”性

形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。

三、反身代词
反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“**自己”。
数 人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself, herself
themselves
I can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。
*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：
反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f

四、指示代词
This (这个)------- these (这些) 指近处的事物
That (那个)------- these (那些) 指远处的事物
例，This is a book. 这是本书。 These are some books. 这些是书。
That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。












代词练习题
一、 根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Mary is a friend of ______________. ( I )
2. This is ________ ( she ) ruler. ________ ( I ) is in the bag.
3. Her brother is too young to look after _________ ( he )
4. This is _________ ( I ) book. This book is _________ ( I ).
5. These pens are _________ ( we ).
二、填写下列表格。
人称代词
主 格
宾 格
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
我





我们





你，你们





他





她





它





他们




反身代词
三、改写下列句子
Eg, This is my book. ------ The book is mine.
1. That is her ruler. _________________________________
2. These are their footballs. __________________________________
3. This is my backpack . ____________________________________
4. Those are your boxes. ____________________________________
四、把下列句子改写成复数。
1. This is a butterfly. ____________________________________________
2. That is a bus. ________________________________________________
3. It is a mouse. ________________________________________________
五、改错。
is mine lamp. ___________________________________________
are ours books.____________________________________________
3. That are their teacher. ___________________________________________
house is my brother. ________________________
5. He has visited many country. ______________________
6. They are Chineses. ______________________________
7. This is Tom red bike. ____________________________



能力测试卷 （代词）
一、 帮下面的好朋友团圆 （连线）
I 她
its 我们
her 他（她，它）们
we 我
they 你的
their 他（她，它）们
your 她的
she 它的
二、填空
1．She’s a teacher . This is _________ bag.
2. He’s a driver. This is ___________ taxi.
3. I am a boy . __________ name is Peter.
4. --What’s __________ name?
-- My name is Tony.
5. It’s my puppy. ______ name is Mimi.
三、选择
( ) book is not so old as _________.
A. him B. he C. his D. she
( ) 2. _____ book is it ? It’s ________.
A. Whose…her B. Whose… hers C. Who…hers D. Whom… her
( ) 3. He is a friend of ________.
A. our B. us C. my D. mine
四、改错
1. I, you and he are all teachers.
____________________________________ __________________
2. This is mine teddy bear.
______________________________________________ ________
3. These are ours bags.
_________ _____________________________________________
4. These is their teachers.
______________ ________________________________________


第三章 数词和冠词
一、数词
表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。
1． 最基本的基数词如下表所示：
1~10
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11~19
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen

20~100

20 twenty
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100 one hundred
*基数词的写法 ：21~99的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。
例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety – nine
百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。
例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight
2．序数词的构成
1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例，
four+ th--- fourth six + th --- sixth
seven + th --- seventh ten + th --- tenth
2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，
one --- first two --- second three --- third five--- fifth
eight --- eighth nine --- ninth twelve --- twelfth
3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例，
twenty --- twentieth thirty --- thirtieth
forty --- fortieth ninety --- ninetieth
4） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，
twenty –one ------ twenty- first
thirty-five ------thirty- fifth
a hundred and fifty-three ------- a hundred and fifty- third
*基数词变序数词的口诀：
基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth）
一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；（first，second，third）
八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）
整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i th 前面有个e；
要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。
二、冠词
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk,
a tree an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.
1. 不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。
She is a teacher. That’s an orange.
2. 定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者
是在上文提到过 的人和事。
This is a bus. The bus is big.
3. 不用冠词的情况：
1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，
Chinese, English, Jim等。
2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，
that mouse (那只老鼠)
3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，
at home 在家 go to school 去上学
*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：
特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；
海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；
方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；
船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；
姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。
*零冠词用法口诀：
月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；
三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。









冠词和数词专项练习
一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。
1) at ____home 2) go to_____ bed 3) go to _____school
4) catch ______ bad cold 5) have _____ good time
6) ______red apple 7)_____ English book 8) ______ spoon
9)_____ orange 10) ______melon 11) _______ eraser
二、选择填空
is _____ “m” in the word “primary”
A. an B.a D./
is ____ orange bike .
A.a D/
always takes us half _____ hour to have ____ long walk after supper .
A.a,a B,a ,the , a , the
h is ____ useful language in ____ world .
, the B.a , the , / D./ , the
are going to _____ cinema this evening .
B./ C/a
’s standing on _____ other side of _____ river .
A.a , a , the , a D.a , the
7._____ potato is a vegetable , not ____ fruit .
, an , a C.A, the , /
was _____ first to come .
B.a D./
you see ____ book on _____ table ?
, a B.a, an , an D.a , the
’s _____ desk ? It’s in ____ middle of the room .
A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / , the
is _____ friend of mine .
B./ D.a
is ____ university near the farm .
A.a D./
died in ____ autumn of 1989 .
A./ C.a
14.I have ____ book . I t’ s _____ interesting one . I like reading ____ books very much .
A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the , an , the D./ , an , /
is _____ Children’s Day .
A.a D/
is _____ bag . That is ____ eraser .
A.a, a B.a , an , a D. an , an
四、用代词填空:
1._____ , _____ and ____ are all good friends .
, you , they , they , we , they , you , you , we
2.____ classroom is big , but ____ is much bigger than _____ .
, they , us , their , our , theirs , ours , theirs , we
lost ____ pen . Will you lend her ____ ?
, yours , your , you , yourself
4. “What are you doing ?” “I am looking at _____ in the mirror ?”
f
5.____ , ____ and _____ all enjoy music .
, you , I B.I , she , you , she , I D.I , you , she

能力测试卷（冠词和数词）

一、写出相邻的数词
1. twenty 2. five
3. twelve 4. fifty-eight
5. ninety 6. seventy
7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred
9. one thousand 10. one
二、选择正确答案
are days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five
are students in this school.
A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six
C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six
brother is in .
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One
C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one
was doing some washing .
A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight
C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning
are months in a year. December is the month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth
is the day of the week.
A. seventh B. first C. second D. third
is season in a year.
A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third
was to get to school and I was .
A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth
’s the date today? It’s .
A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4
th

is the second day, and .
A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth
C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday



第四章
一般现在时态
一、一般现在时的定义
一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。
二、一般现在时的结构
一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s 或- es。现在以连系
动词be 和行为动词read为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简 略答语的构成
以表格形式加以说明：
动词

be
肯定句
I am …
You/We/They are …
He/She/It is ...
read I/We/You/They read…
He/She/It reads …

动词



be
疑问句
Am I …?
Are you …?
Are we …?
Are they …?
Is he…?
Is she …?
Is it …?

read
Do I / we / they
read …?
Does he / she / it
read … ?
连系动词be 的各种形式常与代词或not缩写成一个词。助动词do，does 一般只有与not 缩写。联
系动词be缩写形式如下
肯定
I am
You are
He is
缩写
I’m
You’re
He’s
否定
I am not
You are not
He is not
缩写
I’m not
You’re not /You aren’t
He’s not /He isn’t
简略答语（肯定）
Yes , you are.
Yes, I am/we are.
Yes, we/you are.
Yes, they are.
Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
Yes, it is.
Yes, you / we / they
do.
Yes, he / she / it does. No, he / she / it does not.
简略答语（否定）
No, you are not.
No, I am/we are not.
No, we/ you are not.
No, they are not.
No, he is not.
No, she is not.
No, it is not.
No, you / we / they do not.
否定句
I am not …
You/We/They are not …
He/She/It is not …
I/We/You/They/ do not read …
He/She/It does not read …
She is
It is
We are
They are
She’s
It’s
We’re
They’re
She is not
It is not
We are not
They are not
She’s not /She isn’t
It’s not / It isn’t
We’re not / We aren’t
They’re not / They aren’t
动词do not 的缩写形式为don’t，does not 的缩写形式为doesn’t。
二、 动词加-s 或-es （动词第三人称单数）
当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es
1． 一般在词尾加 –s
例：work—works leave --- leaves swim --- swims
2． 以字母s，x，ch，sh 或o结尾的词加-es
例：pass--- passes fix ---fixes teach --- teaches do--- does
3． 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i再加-es
例：study --- studies carry --- carries fly --- flies cry --- cries
三、 一般现在时的用法
1． 表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与often（经常）, always（总是）, sometimes（有时）, every day
（每天）, on Sundays/Mondays 等表示频度的时间状语连用。
一般现在时的时间状语有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day ( week, month,
year,…) , this year, once a week ( month, year,…) 一周（月，年）一次
例句：I get up at 6 o’clock every day.
He often goes to school by bike.
2． 表示客观事实，普遍真理。
例句：Two and two are four.二加二等于四。
The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。









一般现在时态专项练习


一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
post like ride study
eat visit have watch
stop pass give fly
jump rise write teach
go read swim do
二、 单项选择
( )1._____ you have a book ?
A Do B. Are C. Is D. Have
( ) Li Lei like to watch TV?
______________.
A. Yes, he like. B. No, he doesn’t.
C. Yes, he’d like. D. No, he likes.
( ) doesn’t ______ her homework in the afternoon.
A. doing B. to do C. does D. do
( ) ____ Mr. Smith ______ to England?
A. do, go B. is , go C. does, go D. does , goes
( )5. _____ she ______ home at six every day?
A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left
三、 用下列动词的适当形式填空
1.I ______ ( get ) up at 6 o’clock every day.
father ______ (have) a lovely dog.
______ (go ) to school on foot.
______ (do ) not like watching TV.
______ (play) football every Sunday afternoon.
四、 按要求完成下列各题
ow is Saturday.(变成一般疑问句)
_________ ________ Saturday ?
he play basketball every weekend? (肯定回答)
Yes, ______ _______.
looks like her sister.(变一般疑问句)
_____ she ______ like her sister ?
and Sam look the same.(一般疑问句)
______ they _____ the same ?
they always go to the movie (电影院) on Sundays ? (否定回答)
No, _______ _______.
五、英汉互译
1. Tom经常放学后（after school）踢足球。
__________________________________
2. 我喜欢唱歌。
__________________________________
3. He often goes to school on foot.
__________________________________
4. Children like to play this game.
__________________________________
5. 今天是星期日。
__________________________________


能力测试卷 （一般现在时）
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式
go
have
swim
study
rise
stop
do
ride
cry
go
write
fly
play
read
come
buy
give
watch
work
carry
二、用动词的适当形式填空
1. He _______ (go) to school on foot.
2. She _______ not like watching TV. (do)
3. My father _______ (have) a lovely dog.
4. I often ______ ( get ) up at six every morning.
5. My mother _______ ( work) in a school.
三、英汉互译
1. 他经常在周六的时候读英语。
_____________________________
2. Peter 每天都帮助妈妈做家务。
______________________________
3. Tom always plays football after school.
______________________________
4．I get up at six o’clock every day.
_______________________________
5. The coat fits (适合) me very well.
_______________________________


第五章 现在进行时态

一、 现在进行时的定义
现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。
二、 现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由“系动词（am，is ， are） + 现在分词（动词加- ing形式）”
构成。现在以动词work为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明：
肯 定 句
I am working.
You are working.
He/She/It is working.
We/You/They are working.

疑 问 句
Am I working?
简 略 答 语
Yes, you are.
No, you are not.
Are we working? Yes, we/ you are.
No, we/ you aren’t.

Are you working?
Yes, I am.
No, I am not.
Yes, we are.
No, we are not.
Is he/she it working ? Yes, he/she/it is.
No, he/she/it is not.
Are they working? Yes, they are.
No, they are not.
否 定 句
I am not working.
You are not working.
He/She/It is not working.
We/You/They are not working.

三、 现在分词的构成
1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。
stay --- staying do --- doing listen --- listening
2. 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。
make --- making ride --- riding give --- giving