正式屠皓民英语语法基础讲义

2021年1月18日发(作者：党员个人总结)
海天考研英语屠屠老师
考研英语语法基础讲义
屠皓民


课程内容

一、 考研语法考什么？

二、 考研语法巅峰考点——定语从句

三、 考研语法重点考点——状语从句

四、 考研语法特殊考点——倒装结构

五、 长难句四步拆分

—— 选自《考研工具书之语法长难句》（屠皓民编）

《考研英语基础核心教程》


一、考研语法考什么？

二、定语从句
1． 关系词的产生
2． 介词+which/whom的由来
3． When/where/why的演变
4． 限定性与非限定性从句区别与翻译
5． 定语从句省略

实战演练：
将下面的句子翻译成英文
1. All those____________ (想去长城的) will get together at the bus—stop at six tomorrow morning．
2. The building ________________________ (座落于我们学校附近的) is a hospital.
3. Tom is really the bravest boy _________________________ (我所认识的)。
4. Have you received the letter ___________________________ (我上星期六写的)?
5. Can you help me find the person ________________________（救我女儿命的）
6. This is the one hundredth letter_________________________ (我上个月收到的)。
7. Tennis______________
(夏季最好的运动之一) can be played by two or four players．
8. I shall use the machine in such a way____________________________ (他使用过的)．

强化练习
Fill in the blanks with “prep + whom/which”.
1. The teacher ____ _______ I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu.
2. Mathematics is the subject ______ _______ I am most interested.
3. This is the house __________ _________ I was born.


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海天考研英语屠屠老师
4. Is that the girl ________ ________ you lent your bicycle?
5. This is the pen ________ _______ I wrote the letter.
6. These are the things _______ ________ I spoke just now.
7. Is that the fish _______ _______ you asked the waiter?
8. We love the village _______ _______ we work for two years.
9. Peter, ______ ______ I played tennis on Sundays, was stronger than I.

Fill in the blanks with “where 、why、when ”
1. I don’t know the reason ___________ he was late for the class.
2. I will never forget the day _____________ I joined the army.
3. This is the factory ____________ my father worked 30 years ago.

Multiple Choices
l . I will never forget the day
I joined the League.
A. which B. when C. in which D. on that
2. September 18, 1931 is the day
we'll never forget.
A. that B. when C. on which D. on that
3. This is the factory
we visited last year.
A. where B. which C . the one D .at which
4. Is this the factory
your father works?
A. where B. which C. of which D. in that
5. This is the best factory
I have visited all my life.
A. where B. which C . when D. that
6. Is this the factory
color TV set are produced?
A. that B. which C . in which D . in that
7. Have you found the woman purse
was lost?
A. her B. of which C. that D. whose
8. Where is the window
glass is broken?
A. which B. that C. whose D. its
9. The book, the cover is
broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. for C. whose D. of which
10. Who' s the comrade
you just shook hands with?
A . whom B .which C. whose D. of which
11. Do you know the comrade we
are talking?
A. to whom B. to who C . whom D. to that
12. The comrade
is speaking at the meeting is a good worker.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
13. Mr. Green,
has come for a visit to China, arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
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海天考研英语屠屠老师
A. whom B. that C. which D. who
14. This is Mr. Smith,
I think has something to tell you.
A. who B . whom C. that D. x
15. His father is an engineer,
makes him very proud.
A. for what B. which C . that D. what
16. He talked about the teachers and schools
he had visited.
A. which B. who C. that D. what
17. He is the only man
I can find for the work.
A. who's B. whose C. that D. which
18. I,
your close friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is
19. Those
want to see the film please put down your names.
A. which B. what C. whose D. who
20. He
does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A. what B. who C . which D. as
21. That was the reason
Mac refused to speak at the meeting.
A. why B. that C. which D. of which
22. Do you know the reason
he was late for school.
A. of it B. for it C. which D. for which
23. Please bring back the dictionary
I lent to you last week.
A. where B. what C. which D. who
*24. The knife
we cut the bread is very sharp.
A. with which B. that which C. which with D . which
25. He bought me a dictionary on my birthday,
made me happy.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
26. His dog,
was now very old, became ill and died.
A. it B. that C. whose D. which
27. I saw some trees , the leaves of
were black with disease .
A. that B. which C . whose D . the trees
28. He told me all he
knew.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
29. The first English novel
I read was Robinson Crusoe.
A. which B. that C. where D. who
30. This is the very book
I am after.
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom
31. A football fan is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what
32. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
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海天考研英语屠屠老师
A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof
33. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about
34. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
35. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that B. those C. which D. what
36. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all
37. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which
38. -How do you like the book?
-It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
39. Which sentence is wrong?
A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.
B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?
C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same
amount of land.
D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.
40. The train _____ she was traveling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
41. He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.
A. where B. on which C. under which D. which
42. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
43. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. when B. during that C. in which D. which
44. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.
A. when B. which C. during which D. on which
45. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _____ was decided last year.
A. which B. that C. who D. where

三、状语从句
1． 类型
2． 状语从句省略
3． 虚拟语气

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海天考研英语屠屠老师
四、倒装结构
1． 全部倒装
2． 部分倒装

特殊句型真题再现
z Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs
off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.

z Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition,
as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.

z Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to
geologists as hot spots.

z
Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led
to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers/malls.


五、长难句四步拆分策略
长难句是考研的重点，完形和阅读中需要通过理解来解答题目，翻译 部分直接考查考生对于长难句
的理解和中文转换能力。因此，分析长难句对于后续的解题技巧和能力提高 起着至关重要的作用。

第一步：寻找特殊标点，隔离插入成分
在大量的修饰成分 中，首先要将句中无关紧要的成分先清除出去，减少对于结构划分的干扰，也就
是先将句中的插入语隔离 开来。
插入语通常是说话者对所表达意思的一种补充、强调、解释或者是说话人的一种态度。它的位置 比
较灵活，常常会用两个逗号或者两个破折号和其他部分隔开，但是在语法上不会影响其他成分。要注< br>意的是两个破折号是插入语，一个破折号是后者对前者的解释，不是插入语。
常见的插入语有四种：
① 分词短语：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considering（一般认为）， judging from……
（根据……判断）等。
② 副词或副词短语：indeed （的确），surely（无疑），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），natura lly
（天然地），luckily for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），briefly（简单地说）等。
③ 介词短语：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short（简而言之），in general（一
般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in my view（在我看来），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact
（事实上），at first（首先）， in addition（此外），of course（当然），to my surprise（使我惊奇的），to her
regret（使她遗憾的），for example（例如）等。
④简短句子：
I am sure（我可以肯定地说），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see
（你明白），I’m afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），what’s more（而且），what’s worse
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