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蓝染惣右介最新八下英语现在完成时专题讲解

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来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-19 00:49
tags:英语学习, 外语学习

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2021年1月19日发(作者:网络歌曲排行榜前十名)

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现在完成时讲解

一、 基本结构:助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
二、句型结构

肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.
否定句:主语+have/has +not(缩写成 haven't/hasn't)+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)

三、用法

(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
①I have spent all of my money (so far). (含义是: 现在我没有钱花了.)
② Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义:郭子君现在在这儿 )
③My father has gone to work. (含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)
(2)现在完成时可以用来表示 发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或
状态

,常与for(+时间段),since(+时间

(be动词表示)
点或过去时的句子)连用.


①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)
从句(过去时) ⑤It is+时段+since+since+从句(过去时) ③since+时段+ago ④
Mary has been ill for three days. ▼ 如: I have lived here since 1998.



四、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

(1)Have/Has gone(to) 去了(现在不在说话现场)
Where is your father? He has gone to Shanghai.
(2)Have/Has been (to) 去过(已不在去过的地方)
My father has been to Shanghai.
(3)Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.



五、现在完成时的标志

1.现在完成时的含 义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含
义:
(1)以already, just和yet为标志。如:
①He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
②He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
③He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。
(2)以ever和never为标志
①This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
②He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
(3)以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
(4)以so far(到目前为止)为标志
① He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。
② She has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至 有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特
性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成 时。
★ ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志
注意: 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago
等;
2)不能与when连用 3).现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
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六、过去分词

1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变
化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加 “ ed ”。
work--- worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ” 结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。
live--- lived---lived ,
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 y 变为 i ,再加 “ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加 “ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词(需要同学们平时积累和记忆)

七、瞬间动词(buy, die, join, come,go ,leave, join ……)不能直接与for ,since
连用。要将其改变为延续性动词,如:

1、buy----have ; borrow -----keep;come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in;go out----be out ;leave ----be
away
begin-----be on ;finish----be over ;open---- be open ; close -----be closed; die----be dead
2、常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:
(1)have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. →have been in sw./at…相应
的介词
(2)have come/gone back/returned → have been back (3)have come/gone out →have been
out
(4)have become → have been (5)have closed / opened→ have been
closed/open
(6)have got up → have been up (7)have died → have been dead;
(8)have left sw. → have been away from sw. (9)have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been
asleep;
(10)have finished/ended/completed → have been over (11)have married → have been married;
(12)have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. (13)have begun → have been on
(14)have borrowed/bought →have kept/had (15)have lost → haven't had
(16)have put on →have worn (17)have caught /get a cold → have
had a cold;
(18)have got to know → have known (19)have/has gone to → have been in
(20)have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army
→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party's member/the league member/the soldier…


★☆★
1. ever表“曾,曾经”,疑问句或肯定 句。
Have you ever been there? 你曾到过那里 吗? Have you ever been to London? 你曾到过
伦敦吗?
It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. 那是我看见过的最丑陋的人面像之一。
2. already表示“已经”的意思,主要用在肯 定的陈述句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用:
Our visitors have come already.来宾已 到。
already也可用在疑问句中,常暗示说话人 的“惊奇”、“意外”,
如: Have you already had breakfast? 难道你 吃过早饭了?
3. just表“刚才,方才”,一般用于肯定句 中:
They've just arrived. 他们刚刚到达。 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. '我刚 乘火车到这里,'她说
道。
4. yet既可作于否定句、疑问句中,也可用 于肯定句中,但表达的意思不尽相同。
(1)用于否定句,表“还, 尚”
At two o'clock they had not yet decided whether to go or not. 两点钟时他们尚未决定是去还是不去。
(2)用于疑问句,表“已 经” Is everything ready yet?一切都准备好 吗?
(3)用于肯定句,表“仍然,还 得” He is yet a child.他还是个孩子。



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现在完成时练习(一)

A)选用have, has填空:

1.I _______ told him the news.

________ come back from school.

________ won the game.
B)按要求改写下列各句:
have bought a computer.(改成否定句)
_________________________________________
has lost his book. (先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)
_________________________________________
C) 单项选择

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