2020考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析七

2021年1月19日发(作者：春光美)
2020考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析七

The Supreme Court'sdecisions on physician-assisted
suicide carry important implications for howmedicine seeks to
relieve dying patients of pain and suffering。

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right
tophysician- assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported
the medical principleof
moral principle holding that anaction having two effects—a
good one that is intended and a harmful one that is
foreseen—is permissibleif the actor intends only the good
effect。

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to
justify usinghigh doses of morphine to control terminally ill
patients' pain, even thoughincreasing dosages will eventually
kill the patient。

Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center,
contends thatthe principle will shield doctors who
have very, very stronglyinsisted that they could not give
patients sufficient mediation to controltheir pain if that
might hasten death.

George Annas, chair of the health law department at
BostonUniversity, maintains that, as long as a doctor
prescribes a drug for alegitimate medical purpose, the doctor
has done nothing illegal even if thepatient uses the drug to
hasten death.
those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend
tokill their patients, although they risked their death. If
you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as
long as you don't intend theirsuicide.

On another level, many in the medical community
acknowledge thatthe assisted-suicide debate has been fueled
in part by the despair of patientsfor whom modem medicine has
prolonged the physical agony of dying。

Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-
assistedsuicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS)
released a two-volume report,Approaching Death： Improving
Care at the End of Life. It identifies theundertreatment of
pain and the aggressive use of
medicalprocedures that may prolong and even dishonor the
period of dying。

The profession is taking steps to require young doctors
to train inhospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain
management therapies, to developa Medicare billing code for
hospital- based care, and to develop new standardsfor
assessing and treating pain at the end of life。

Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that
thesewell-meaning medical initiatives translate into better
care. “Largenumbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the
pain their patients areneedlessly and predictably
suffering, ”to the extent thatit constitutes “systematic
patient abuse。” He says medicallicensing boards “must make
it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively onesthat
are incompetently managed and should result in license
suspension。”

1. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that

[A]doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their
patients'pain。

[B]it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end
theirlives。

[C]the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted
suicide。

[D]patients have no constitutional right to commit
suicide。

2. Which of the following statements its true according
to thetext?

[A]Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their
patients' death。

[B]Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients
in painlessrecovery。

[C]The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving
medication canbe prescribed。

[D]A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his
intentions。

3. According to the NAS's report, one of the problems
inend-of- life care is

[A]prolonged medical procedures。

[B]inadequate treatment of pain。

[C]systematic drug abuse。

[D]insufficient hospital care。

4. Which of the following best defines the word
“aggressive

[A]Bold.

[B]Harmful.

[C]Careless.

[D]Desperate。

5. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should
bepunished if they

[A]manage their patients incompetently。

[B]give patients more medicine than needed。

[C]reduce drug dosages for their patients。

[D]prolong the needless suffering of the patients。

名师解析

1. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that 从前三
段我们得知

[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control
their patients’ pain。

医生过去常常增加药物剂量来控制病人的病痛。

[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end
theirlives。

医生协助病危者结束生命仍然是违法的。

[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted
suicide。

法院强烈反对医助自杀。

[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit
suicide。

病人没有宪法赋予的自杀权利。

【答案】 B

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 本题针对第一到第三段的所有内容实行了测试，选项 [A]
的相关信息能够定位到第三段，但是文中说“近几年医生才用这个原
则为自己的行为辩护 ”。文中无法得出“过去常常”的说法。选项[B]
能够定位到第二段，文中提到“宪法没有赋予这样的 权利”。所以能
够说，本答案是准确的。选项[C]能够定位到第二段，但是法院是支持
这样的 做法的。至于[D]，显然是错的。

2. Which of the following statements is true according to
thetext?

根据文章，下面哪一个说法是准确的?

[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their
patients’ death。

如果医生冒病人生命的危险，他们将被判有罪。

[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients
inpainless recovery。

现代医学已经协助晚期病人实行无痛康复。

[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving
medication canbe prescribed。

法院判决，医生能够开大剂量的镇疼药。