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学位英语考试同义词近义词辨析108题

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-19 03:41
tags:学位英语, 近义词, 同义词

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2021年1月19日发(作者:高一政治必修一)
成人学位英语考试同义词近义词辨析108题
1、a number of, the number of
a number of +可数名词,谓语用复数,意为许多,大量的……
the number of +可数名词,谓语用单数,意为……的数目
2、able, capable, competent
able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,搭配是be able to do 。
如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)
capable 指满足一般要求的能力,搭配是be capable of +doing。
competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor
should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)
3、above all;after all;at all; in all
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作
用。如:
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到 底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或
句末。如:
After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。
He is,after all,a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。
He failed after all.他终于失败了。
at all用于否定句时, 意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,
常译为“当真;实在”。用于 肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),
意为“竟然”等。如:
He doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。
Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?
If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了,我很惊讶。
in all意为“总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如:
There are 25,000 Inuit in all.(=In all, there are 25,000 Inuit.)
这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。
4、aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.
broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.
5、accept, receive
accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t
accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。)
6、accident, incident, event
accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)
incident“附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。
event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社
会的事件。
7、accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该
是准确的。)
correct“ 正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect,
“ 精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义
词是inexact。 precise强调“精确”,“精密”。
8、accuse, charge, sue
accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.
charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.
9、acquire, require, inquire
acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)
inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名)
require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。)
10、adopt, adapt
adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a
little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:
He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)
11、advantage, benefit, profit
advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the
advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)
profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?)
benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the
business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)
12、1affect, effect
affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.
effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.
13、afford, provide, supply都有“提供,供给”的意思。
afford一般只用于抽象事物。
provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with
something的结构。
14、ago, before
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。
before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。
例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。
He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。
15、agree on;agree to;agree with
agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如:
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。
agree to有两层含义和用法:
其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解。
例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。
其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如:
They have a greed to our plan. 他们已同意我们的计划。
agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或
“说的话”的名词或从句。例如:
He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意见。
We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上讲的话。
16、alive, living, live
alive 指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。
living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。
live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。
17、almost, nearly
一般说来,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。
在all, every, always 前,两者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。)
almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用,而nearly却不能。如:Almost no one believed
her. (几乎没人相信他。)
18、alone, lonely
alone只表“独自”的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语;lonely表“孤独 ”,:“寂寞”,能
作定语和表语。如:When she is left alone,
she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。)
alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone须置于被修饰词之后,only往往置于被修饰词前。如:
He alone (Only he) can
remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。)

19、altogether, all together
altogether总计,总共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我们总计六人。)
all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。)
20、although; though; as 三者均可表示 “尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。although用法较
正式,语气较强;though较常用; as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:
Ø 状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, < br>however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互 换。例如:
Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。
as表示“尽管;虽然”,只能 用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though
也可这么用。例如: Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。
注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如:
Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外
语。
though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不能。例如:
They said they would come; they did not, though. 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。
although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though
“好像(=as if)”,不能说even although或as although。例如:
I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes. 尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是
在值勤。
21、among, between
among 在……中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.
between在两者之间。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.
22、answer, reply, respond用作动词,都可表“回答”,“答复”。 answer是常用词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题),doorbell (开门),telephone
(接电话),advertisement(应征广告)等。
reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与to连用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了
我信中提的问题。)
respond作“回答”解,用得较少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他
很快就回答了问题。)
另外,respond还可表“对……反应”,“响应”。
23、approve, prove
approve(1)赞成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。)
(2)批准,通过。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。
prove和approve词形相似,prove是“证明”,“表明是”等。
24、arise/rise/raise/ arouse
arise是一个不及物动词,意思是“起源于(和from连用)和“出现”。
rise是一个不及物动词,意思是“上升”,该词是不及物动词:rise, rose, risen
raise是一个及物动词,意思是“举起”。
arouse的意思是“引起,导致”。
Black smoke rose from the chimney.
He is too weak to raise that heavy box.
Accidents usually arise from carelessness .
A crisis has arisen in their marrige.
Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.
25、as (so) far as; as (so) long as
as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is
concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件
状语从句。如:
As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.
就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。
There is nothing that we can’t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it.
只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.
就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。
26、as though;even though;though
as though(=as if),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如:
He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。
It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。
even though(=even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,< br>意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的 句子所说的
是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如:
He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说
出来。
He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。
27、assure, ensure, insure
assure的意思是“使(某人)确信”,一般用作:assure sb. of /that…,后面不能直接跟that
从句。
ensure的意思是“保证”,后面可以接双宾语,也可以接that从句。
insure的意思是“给…上保险”。例如:
He assured me that it was true.
We can’t ensure you a good post.
My house is insured against fire.
28、at the beginning;in the beginning
at the beginning 在……初;在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如: Students usually have a
study plan
at the beginning of term. 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。
in the beginning 相当于at first,表示“起初、开始”时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之意,不与of连用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in
physics. 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。
29、at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time
at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如:
Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情
的发生。
有时,at the time的后面可接 “of...”短语。这时,它表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或
“在……的时代”。例如: Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989

1989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗?
at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of...”短语。例如:
In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time(=At the 17th century)
the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.
at one time=during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”,“曾经”。例如:
They used to be good friends at one time. 他们曾经是好朋友。
at a time则意为“一次”,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如:
Don’t speak all at once.One at a time, please. 不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。
Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time.
这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒。
30、awake, wake, waken都可作动词。
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”,多为不及物动词。
waken多用作及物动词,常指“吵醒”,“惊醒”。
31、await, wait
await是及物动词。如:I await your further instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物动词,后常接介词for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.
32、award, prize, rewardaward, reward作动词。award意 为“授予(奖品,奖金等)”,后面可
跟双宾语;reward意为“报酬”,“酬谢”,只能跟人或以 人的行为作宾语。
award, prize, reward作名词时,award常指奖金,奖品 ;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得
的奖;reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。
33、because/since/as/for
这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词, 但是as,because,since是从属连词,引导原因状语
从句,for是并列连词,所引导的 不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所
讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为 because→since→as→for。because引导的从句
多置于句末,表示直接的原因 或理由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在回答why的
提问时,必须用because作答。
如:We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我们呆在家里。
as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十 分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,
可译为“因为、由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已 知的原因,一般可译为“既然”。如:
As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone.由于他身体欠佳,我决定独自去那里。
Since everyone is here,let's start.既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。
Ø for引导的从句一般放在句 末,其前用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性
理由,或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。 如:
There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off.
教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。(推测性理由)
34、beat, win
beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手,后接对手作宾语。
Win作及物动词时,其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如:He has won the race.(他
赢得了赛跑的胜利。)
35、beside, besides
beside在……旁边。如:Come and sit beside me.
besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
36、besides;except;but
三 者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时,except/but意为“除……外(不再有)”;besides意< br>为“除……外(还有)”。请比较:
All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong. 除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。
All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong. 除了吴东看过那部影片外,他们也都看过了。
except后接名词、代词、-ing 或不定式时,可以与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时,
一般不能为but所替换。如:
I’ll do everything except/but cook. 除了做饭,我什么事情都干。
This window is never opened except in summer. 除了在夏天,这个窗子从不打开。
用在否定句中,三者可以互换。如:
There aren’t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you.
除了你,没人能做这工作。
37、be known as; be known for; be known to; be known in
be known as 意为“作为……而著名”,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如:
Liu Huan is known as a singer.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist.我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。
be known for 意为“因……而著名”,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如:
Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
Mr Geldof is well- known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.
盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。
be known to “为……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词
原形。如:
He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。
He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented
many things.人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。
38、borrow, lend
borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment?
lend把……借给。如:Can you lend me your bike?
39、bring/take/fetch/carry
bring (vt.)带来:表示从别处把某人或某物拿到说话者处。
take (vt.) 取走:表示将某物从讲话者处带走
fetch (vt.) 去取:表示到某地将某物或某人拿到讲话者处。
carry (vt.) 携带:表示用人力或交通工具把某物或某人,从一地带到另一地。该动词不含
方向意味。
The ball went over the fence and one of the players asked a boy to fetch it.
The city’s underground carries more people than the buses.
You had better take an umbrella with you in case of rain.
Waiter, bring me a bottle of beer please.
40、cause, reason
cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth
reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late。
41、chance, opportunity, occasion
chance多指偶然的机会,意外的机会,带有侥幸的意味。如:Even so, it was a lucky chance that
he could do
it.(即使如此,那也是他凭着侥幸才做到这点。)
opportunity主要指能够去 做某事,尤其是达到自己目的,实现某种愿望的好机会。如:You
should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the
language.(你应该尽量利用你的机会去看看这个国家,学习它的语言。)
occasion主要指“时机”,“场合”,也含有“机会”的意思。如:The flags are hung out on the occasion
of the
National Day.(每逢国庆节,国旗都悬持出来了。)
42、childish, childlike
childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so
ike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile
on her
face.
43、cloth, clothing
cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.
clothing衣服(总称)。如:You’d better give all the old clothing away.
44、compare…with; compar…to; compared with/to
compare…with意为“把……与……相比”,侧重指两者间的区别。
如:Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.
把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较,你就会发现它们之间的区别。
compare…to…意为“把……比作……”,着重注意两者间的相似点。如:
This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。
compare既可以单独用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时,以compare
with…形式出现,表示“与……相比”。如:
Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。
If you compare the two words, you can tell the difference between them.
如果你比较这两个单词,你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。
compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语,意义基本相同,可互换。如:
Compared to/with him, you are lucky. 与他相比,你是幸运的。
It was a small town then, compared to/with what it is now. 和现在比起来,那时它还是个小
镇。
45、compose, consist, constitute
compose为常用词,常用被动语态,如用主动语态,主语应用复数形式。如:Twelve men compose
a jury.(十二人组成陪审团。)
consist表一个整体由几个部分组成(只能用主动语态)。如:The United Kingdom consists of
Great Britain and
Northern Island.(联合王国是由大不列颠及北爱尔兰组成。)
constitute为正式用词,与consist相反,表由哪些部分构成整体。如:Twelve months constitute
a year.(一年有十二个月。)
46、 considerable, considerate
considerable相当多的,可观的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了许多
麻烦。)
considerate 考虑周到的,体谅的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真体贴人,
不打扰我们。)
47、 consistent, constant, continual, continuous
consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.
constant不断的,表示持续和惯常的重现,往往没有变化。如:He attributes his health to his
constant exercise.
continual频频的,不停的,时断时续,中间可有间歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health.
continuous不断延伸的,连续不断的,强调中间无间断。如:Everything in the universe undergoes
continuous
development and change.
48、cost/take/spend/pay
cost (vt.)花费:指花费金钱、劳力和时间。主语通常是事或物,可跟双宾语。
take (vt.) 花费:指花费时间。主语通常是一件事,也可以跟双宾语。
spend (vt.) 花费:指花费时间和金钱,主语总是人。可以形成spend…on sth./in doing sth.
结构。
pay (vt.&vi.) 付钱,后面可以跟双宾语,也可以当不及物动词使用,形成pay for sth.结构。
比较:
Electricity will cost more than it did last year.
It will take me two days to finish the work.
In the past few years the factory spent a lot of money improving its working conditions.
Dick’s uncle has to pay for his education as his father has come down in the world.
49、 crack, crash
crack(使)破裂,砸开。如:I can crack it, but I can’t break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它
弄破。)
crash摔坏,坠毁。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飞机起飞不久就坠毁了。)
50、 cure, treat
cure治愈,医治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(这药能治好你的病。)
cure表示治好,treat只表示“给……治病”。
51、 current, present
均可表“现在”,“目前”。
current强调在现阶段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (当代英语)
present为常用词,指现在正在通用的,在时间上比curre nt的范围更窄。如:What’s your present
address?(你现住址是哪里?)
52、 custom, habit
均可表习惯。custom为正式用词,多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。
habit为常用词,多指个人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of
biting his nails.(他有咬手指的坏习惯。)
53、 damage; destroy; ruin

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