massage是什么意思高三英语阅读中的常见词汇

2021年1月19日发(作者：getout)


阅读中的常见词汇

妙招
1
依据前后缀归类记单词


[
前缀
——
置于词根之前并改变原词义的构词成分
]


1
．
否定前缀

[un-
]
uneasy
心神不安的



unhealthy
不健康的



unwise
不明智的



unfortunately
不幸地

unnecessary
不必要的


①
I felt
uneasy
at the presence of so many strangers.
面对这么多陌生人，我感觉很不自在。

②
Unfortunately,
the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over the country.
不幸的是，干旱的灾难性影响遍及全国各地。

③
Although sparrows showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an
unhealthy

state.
虽然麻雀数量没有减少的迹象，但食物链还是总体处于不健康的状态。

[non-
]
nonprofit
非营利性的



nonserious
不要紧的



nonliving
无生命的

nonverbal
非言辞的



①
An ecosystem consists of the living and
nonliving
things in an area that interact with one
another.
生态系统包括同一地区内相互影响的生物和非生物。

②
In fact, one of the best definitions of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the
nonserious

element in a situation”
．

事实上，关于幽默感的最好的定义之一就是“能看到情况还没那么糟糕的能力”
。


[im-
(in-
，

ir-
)]
impatience
不耐烦



improperly
不适当地



independence
独立



impossible
不可能的

impractical
不现实的

irregularly
不规则地



①
A serious study of physics is
impossible
without some knowledge of mathematics.
不了解数学就不可能深入研究物理。

②
Free repair is available for a product used
improperly
in the first year.
产品因使用不当而造成的损坏，第一年可享受免费维修。

[dis-
]
distrust
不信任




disability
残疾

1

discourage
使气馁



disagree
不同意



disappointed
失望的

disuse
废弃



①
The researchers said that unhealthy lifestyle was related to a greater risk of
disability
.
研究人员说不健康的生活方式与致残风险增加有关。

②
Do not let any failures
discourage
you.
别让任何失败使你一蹶不振。

③
They made some experiments in a house
disused
for years.
他们在一间废弃多年的屋子里做了一些实验。

2
．
错误前缀

[mis-
]
misunderstand
误解



miscalculate
误算；对……判断错误

misconception
误解，错觉



①
If I am not
miscalculating,
there are 3 times.
如果我没算错的话，总共有
3
次。

②
There are some common
misconceptions
about the American family values.
关于美国的家庭价值观，存在一些常见的错误观念。

③
Misunderstanding
often leads to big
mistakes
.
误解常会导致大错误。

3
．
方位前缀

[super-
(
也可表示程度
)]
superhero
超级英雄



superman
超人



superstar
巨星；超级明星



superiority
优越；优等

supermarket
超市

superstore
大型超市



mistake
错误

①
They should focus on the
superiority
of products.
他们应该关注产品的优势。

②
Supermarkets
make our life more convenient.
超市让我们的生活更便利。

③
Superstars

cannot
move
about
without
worrying
about
photographers
with
modern
cameras.
超级巨星们不能随意行动，因为他们不能不担心那些装备了高级相机的摄影师们。

[sub-
]
suburb
郊区



subway
地铁



substitute
代替



①
Four new
subway
lines have been built in our city.

2

我们这个城市已经修建了四条新的地铁线路。

②
The baby monkeys picked the soft mother-
substitutes
as their favourites.
猴宝宝们挑了手感柔软的母亲替代物作为它们的最爱。

[over-
]
overestimate
高估



overuse
过度使用



overreact
反应过度

overcrowded
过度拥挤的



①
He could not help
overreacting
to different opinions against his.
对那些反对他想法的不同观点，他忍不住反应过度了。

②
Healthy way of life also means avoiding
overuse
of medicine.
健康的生活方式也意味着
避免用药过量。

③
It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the
overcrowded

traffic in the centre of the city.
人们期望它一天能够承载
20 000
辆卡车和汽车，这样就可以大
大缓解市中心的交通过度拥挤问题。

[trans-
]
transfer
转移；转乘



translate
翻译



transplant
移植



①
One-
way ticket allows you to reach your destination, including
transfers
within 2 hours.
凭单程票可达目的地，两小时之内换乘有效。

②
Transport
routes, timetables and fare information are available from the tourist centre.
可从
游客中心那里获取交通路线、时刻表以及车票费用的信息。


[
后缀
——
置于词根尾部，主要用于改变单词的词性，偶尔用于改 变词义
]


1
．
名词后缀

动作执行者

[-
er (-
or, -
ar)]
farmer
农场主；农民



owner
物主

administrator
管理者


author
作者


mayor
市长



①
The
administrator
said we were entitled to a paid leave for ten days annually during the
first five years.
领导告诉我 们在工作的前
5
年每年可享受
10
天的带薪假期。

②
The
author
said something unfair about doctors in his book.
作者在他的书中针对医生说
了些有失公允的话。

[-
ant]
applicant
申请人






assistant
助理



transport
运输

transform
转换；改变

①
In order to get a good job, many
applicants
poured into the job market.

3

为了得到好的工作岗位，许多求职者涌入了招聘市场。

②
I intend to take a part-
time job working as an
assistant
teacher.
我打算兼职当助教。

[-
ist]
dentist
牙医



specialist
专家



scientist
科学家

tourist
旅行者



①
It
'
s
ten
years
since
the
scientist

set
out
on
his
life
'
s
work
of
discovering
the
valuable
chemical element.
从这名科学家开始致力于发现这个重要的化学元素到现 在，已经过去
10
年了。

②
Their needs and problems are more important than those of the
tourist
companies.
与那些旅游公司相比，他们的需求和问题更为重要。

跟动作状态有关的名词性后缀

[-
ion]
action
行动



reaction
反应



①
Actions
speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩。
(
行动胜于言辞。
)
②
Due to the strong
attraction
of electronic products, we are less dependent on ourselves.
由于电子产品的强大吸引力，我们更不独立自主了。

③
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their
reactions
to fear.
该项研究测试了
20
名健康的志愿者对于恐惧的反应。

[-
ment]
amazement
惊奇



development
发展



judgment
判断



government
政府



appointment
约会；任命

improvement
改进，改善

treatment
治疗，对待

unemployment
失业



attraction
吸引，吸引力

satisfaction
满意



①
She noted with
amazement
how closely her own life mirrored her mother
'
s.
她惊讶地注意到她的生活简直就是她母亲生活的翻版。

②
He was satisfied with the
improvement
of our services.
他对我们服务质量的改进感到满意。

③
A
judgment
must be made free from prejudice.
做出的判断应不受偏见的影响。

④
Each citizen will have the right to enjoy the free medical
treatment
from the
government
.
每个公民都将有权享受政府提供的免费医疗待遇。

[-
ing]

4

hearing
听力



saying
说话；谚语



writing
书法


living
生活方式，生计

training
训练

①“
You can
'
t judge a book by its cover
，
”

as the old
saying
goes.
正如老话所说：
“不能凭封面来判断一本书的好坏。
”

②
Good public speaking
training
can help you express yourself more effectively.
良好的公开演讲训练有助于更有效地提高你的表达能力。

[-
ence]
confidence
信心，信任



difference
不同，差异


convenience
方便

evidence
证据













silence
沉默，无言

①
In terms of
convenience,
the museum has more advantages over the gallery.
就便捷性而言，与美术馆相比，博物馆有更多优势。

②
There is usually a
difference
between one
'
s dream and reality.
一个人的梦想与现实之间通常会有差距。

③
I parked my car by the lakeside and enjoyed reading my book in sweet
silence
.
我把车停在湖边，在美好的静默中享受阅读。

[-
ure]
creature
生物，动物




pleasure
愉快，乐趣



failure
失败















pressure
压力

structure
结构，体系



①
By keeping a pet, children will get an opportunity to take on full responsibility for another
creature
'
s life.
通过饲养宠物，孩子们将有机会承担照顾其他生命的责任。

②
He took great
pleasure
in biking.
他从骑车中获得了很多乐趣。

③
It
'
s useful to know something about human body
structure
.
对人体构造有所了解还是有
用的。

[-
ness]
awareness
意识，察觉



carelessness
粗心大意



business
生意，业务

uneasiness
不安



①
With self-
awareness
and self-
control, it is possible to change our bad habits.
凭借自我意识和自控能力，改变自身的不良习惯是可能的。

②
I often make mistakes with
carelessness
.
我经常会因粗心大意而犯错。

③
I tried to put aside my
uneasiness
and go back to work.

5

我尽量克服自己不安的感觉，重新开始工作。

[-
ity]
activity
活动



reality
现实



quality
质量，品质



curiosity
好奇心

equality
平等

popularity
普及，流行，受欢迎



①
Human
activity
is not responsible for all water shortages.
人类活动不应为所有水资源的
短缺承担责任。

②
In
reality, equality
is not given but gained.
在现实中，平等不是被动给予的，而是主动争取来的。

③
Jane
'
s
popularity
is rooted in her intelligent writing.
简之所以受欢迎，根源在于她作品中的智慧。

[-
ery]
delivery
传送，分娩



robbery
抢劫



discovery
发现

scenery
风景，景色



①
The
discovery
of the gold coins in his suitcase is the reason for their attempted
robbery
.
在他行李箱里发现的金币是他们企图抢劫的原因。

②
We went to enjoy the fresh air and the beautiful
scenery
at the seaside.
我们来到海边享受
新鲜空气和美丽景色。

其他常用的名词后缀

[-
ship]
hardship
艰难




friendship
友谊










relationship
关系，
联系

①
Not until he went through real
hardships
did he realize the importance of
friendship
.
直到他经历了千辛万苦之后，才明白了友谊的重要性。

②
No one is willing to keep a good
relationship
with ill-
tempered people.
没人愿意和脾气差
的人保持良好关系。


[-
ology]
apology
道歉；歉意



psychology
心理学



biology
生物学

technology
科技，工艺学



①
She could not make her decision to choose
biology
as her major.
选择生物学作为专业，
她
下不了这个决心。

②
There are some problems
psychology
doesn
'
t have the answer to.
有些问题心理学也没法
回答。

[-
ism]
criticism
批评




pessimism
悲观，悲观主义

6

mechanism
机件，机制



racism
种族主义



optimism
乐观，乐观主义

tourism
旅游业，观光业



①
Recent
criticism
of the movie arose partly from its
pessimism
.
最近对于这部电影的批评部分源自于电影里的悲观主义。

②
The researchers have found an important
mechanism
by which the brain works.
研究人员已经发现了一种大脑运作的重要机制。

③
The sudden growth of
tourism
has brought many benefits to the local economy.
旅游业的突飞猛进已经给地方经济带来了许多好处。

2
．
动词后缀

[-
ify]
identify
鉴定；识别



simplify
简化

justify
替……辩护；证明……正当



①
He helped me
identify
my strengths and weaknesses.
他帮助我认识到了自己的长处和短处。

②
While
intelligent
people
can
often
simplify

the
complex,
a
fool
is
more
likely
to
complicate the simple.
聪明的人可能常把复杂的问题简单化，而愚蠢的人则更可能把简单的问题复杂化。

[-
ize]
apologize
道歉



organize
组织，安排



recognize
认出，承认



①
Many times the person who hurts you does not intend to
apologize
.
很多时候，伤害你的人并不打算向你道歉。

②
He decided to
organize
a special concert.
他决定组织一场特殊的音乐会。

③
One day, you will
realize
that not everything can be bought with money.
有朝一日，你会意识到并不是一切都可以用金钱来购买的。

3
．
形容词后缀

用以表示性质与特征的形容词后缀

[-
ful]
doubtful
可疑的，不确定的



grateful
感激的，令人愉快的



fearful
可怕的

harmful
有害的

criticize
批评

realize
意识到，实现

meaningful
有意义的，意味深长的



①
They want to find out how the brain responds to a
fearful
event.

7

他们想搞清楚大脑对可怕的事件会如何作出反应。

②
He was
grateful
for his good health and good mood.
他很感激自己身体健康、心情舒畅。

③
I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time
—
there are more
meaningful
things
to do.
我认为每天晚上看电视就是浪费时间
——
有许多更有意义的事情可做。

[-
ive]
以
-
ive
结尾的形容词，表示具有某种倾向或特性。

active
活跃的；积极的



attractive
有吸引力的



creative
有创造性的



expensive
昂贵的



aggressive
好斗的，有进取心的

communicative
健谈的

effective
有效的，生效的

positive
积极的，肯定的



①
Listening is an
active
exercise of our attention and hard work.
听力是一种锻炼我们的注意力和努力程度的积极练习。

②
What makes the book so extraordinary is the
creative
imagination of the writer.
这本书出色之处在于作者富有创意的想象力。

③
It would be more
effective
to give direct help to the homeless.
给无家可归者提供直接帮
助会更有效。

[-
ous]
出现在说明人或事物具有某种特质的形容词里。

anxious
渴望的；忧虑的



dangerous
危险的



generous
慷慨的



previous
以前的，先前的



curious
好奇的

famous
著名的

nervous
神经的，焦虑的

serious
严重的，严肃的



①
Children are
curious
about the world by nature.
孩子们天生对世界感到好奇。

②
He was glad that he was finally admitted into that
famous
university.
他感到高兴的是自己终于被那所著名大学录取了。

③
A
generous
person is willing to offer help to those in need, without asking for any reward.
慷慨大方的人不要任何回报，心甘情愿给那些需要帮助的人提供援助。

[-
able]
与名词结合构成的形容词，用来描述人或物，具有很多原名词表示的性质与特征。

uncomfortable
不舒服的



honorable
光荣的，可敬的




fashionable
流行的，时髦的

unreasonable
不合理的

8