dj的意思国际贸易名词解释

2021年1月19日发(作者：共犯)

国际贸易名词解释


Explanation
1.
Neutral
Packaging:
Neutral
packaging
is
the
one
that
makes
no
mention at all the name of the country which produces the goods and the name
of the manufacturer on the commodity and on the outer and inner packages.
age: it is the cost of delaying a ship
，
to the ship-owner paid by
the charterer.
3. Dispatch Money: Dispatch money is an amount of compensation paid
by the ship-owner to the charterer when the loading and/or unloading can be
completed in less time allowed in the voyage charter party. Dispatch money is
normally based on, or as a fraction of, the rate of demurrage.
4.
Foreign
Exchange:
Foreign
Exchange
is
the
currency
of
any
foreign
country which is the authorized instrument and the basis for record keeping in
that country. In the context of international trade, foreign exchange means the
instruments expressed in foreign currency and employed in making payments
between
countries
—
paper
currency,
notes,
checks,
bills
of
exchange,
and
electronic notifications of international credits and debits.
5.B/L (Bill of Lading): It is a shipping document that serves as a proof of
delivery of goods to the carrier
，
a means of transferring rights t the goods by
the transfer of the paper document to another party
，
and an evidence of the
contract of carriage between the shipping company and the shipper
。

: A draft ( also called bill of exchange ) is an unconditional order in
writing signed by one party (drawer) requesting a second party (drawer/payer)
to
make
payment
in
lawful
money
immediately
or
at
a
determinable
future
time to a third party (payee). In the context of international trade, the drawer
and payee is usually the seller and the drawee and payer is usually the buyer.
7.
Presentation:
Presentation
means
the
holder
of
the
draft
lets
the
drawee
sight
the
draft
for
payment
or
acceptance,
depending
on
whether
a
sight draft or a time draft is presented.
: (SWIFT is short for Society for Worldwide interbank Financial
Telecommunication) which is in Chinese and the industry-owned co-operative
supplying secure, standardized messaging services interface software to nearly
8,100 financial institutions in 2007 countries and territories. SWIFT members
include banks, broker-dealers and investment managers. The broader SWIFT
community also encompasses corporates as well as market infrastructures in
payments,
securities,
treasury
and
trade.
Over
the
past
ten
years,
SWIFT
message price have been reduced over 80%.
9. Endorsement: Endorsement is a legal term that refers to the signing of
a document which allows for the legal transfer of a negotiable from one party
to another.
10Collection:
Documentary
collection
is
a
means
of
ensuring
that
goods
(title documents) are only handed over to buyer (by a bank) when the amount
shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a
contract to pay by a specific date.

二
International currency system

1
International
monetary
system
is
broadly
defined
as
the
set
of
conventions,
rules, procedures and institutions that govern the conduct of financial relations
between
nations.
Narrowly
speaking,
it
refers
to
international
exchange
rate
system. ? There are three international exchange rate systems in history: the gold
standard, the Bretton Woods, and the floating exchange.
2 Classification of international monetary system:
All
international
monetary
systems,
whatever
their
form,
have
much
in
common and differ only in certain respects .Economists usually use sever criteria
for
classifying
the
various
possible
international
monetary
system.
The
role
of
exchange
rate
(flexibility
or
rigidity
of
F-X/
fixed,
floating)?
The
nature
of
the
reserve
asset
(commodity
reserves;
fiduciary
(fiat)
reserves- inconvertible
paper
standard; mixed standards-gold exchange standard)
3 The characteristics of a good international monetary system
To answer how to choose, which is good and what criteria, we must identify
what
the
monetary
system
does.
The
ultimate
objective
of
the
IMS
is
to
enable the fundamental
economic processes of production and distribution
to
operate
as
smoothly
and
efficiently
as
possible.
Adam
Smith
IMS-great
wheel (effortless relations become inconspicuous, constant flow of goods and
services
that
go
to
satisfy
human
want
in
the
whole world)
esp.
awing
the
significance of IMS during crisis
4 Types of International monetary system
Exchange rate system
(1) Fixed exchange rate system
(2) Adjustable Peg
(3) Crawling Peg
(4) Managed Float
(5) Floating exchange rate system
Monetary standard (reserve asset)
(1) Commodity Standard (Gold Standard)
(2) Credit Standard (inconvertible paper money)
(3) Mixed Standard (gold exchange standard)
5The Gold Standard
(1)The gold standard had its origin in the use of gold coins as a medium
of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. The gold standard as a
legal
institution
dates
from
1819,
when
the
British
Parliament
passed
the Resumption Act- exchanging currency notes for gold on demand at a
fixed rate.
(2)Later
in
the
nineteenth
century,
Germany,
Japan,
and
other
countries also adopted the gold standard. The United States effectively
joined
the
gold
standard
in
1879
when
it
pegged
to
gold
the
paper
“greenbacks” issued during the Civil War. The U. S. Gold Standard Act
of
1900
institutionalized
the
dollar-gold
link.
Merits
of
International