提出用英语怎么说阅读理解之长难句分析

2021年1月19日发(作者：homemade)
阅读理解之长难句分析

【安徽
2014
】
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have
spoilt
(
破坏
)
the
area
they
are
in,
but
the
same
can
be
said
of
some
old
buildings too.
1. Which of the following is true according to the author ?
A. We should reproduce the same old buildings.
B. Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.
C. Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.
D. No one understands why people speak against new buildings.
【
2014
课标】
Passenger pigeons (
旅鸽
)once flew over much of the United States
in
unbelievable
numbers.
Written
accounts
from
the
18th
and
19th
centuries
described flocks (
群
)so large that they

the sky for hours.
It was calculated that
when it population reached its highest point ,they were more than 3 billlion
passenger
pigeons
—
a
number
equal
to
24
to
40
percent
of
the
total
bird
population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird
in
the
world.

Even
as
late
as
1870
when
their
numbers
had
already
become
smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers)
long was seen near Cincinnati.
Where
the
birds
were
most
abundant,
people
believed
there
was
an
ever- lasting
supply
and
killed
them
by
the
thousands,
Commercial
hunters
attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled
to
feed,
then
threw
large
nets
over
them,
taking
hundreds
at
a
time.
The
birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
the 18th and early 19teh centuries, passenger pigeons____.
A. were the biggest bird in the world
B. lived mainly in the south of America
C. did great harm to the natural environment
D. were the largest bird population in the Us
2. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A. To seek pleasure.






B. To save other birds.
C. To make money.







D. To protect crops.
【
2014
课标】
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy
debating
about
which
option
is
best
the
people
who
want
to
improve
their
lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.
The end result is
that we feel like we cant’ focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so
we
take
less
action,
make
less
progress,
and
stay
the
same
when
we
could
be
improving.
1.
What is the author’s attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph3?

A. Tolerant.





B. Doubtful.



C. Respectful.



D. Supportive.
【
2014
课标】
Now, through the two organizations that he has founded
–
the
Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project __Turin has
started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just
to
scholars
but
to
the
younger
generations
of
communities
from
whom
the
materials were originally collected.
Thanks to digital technology and the widely
available
Internet,
Turin
notes,
the
endangered
languages
can
be
saved
and
reconnected with speech communities.
1.
Which of the following best describe Turin’s work?

A. Write, sell and donate.








B. Record, repair and reward.
C. Collect, protect and reconnect.


D. Design, experiment and report.
【
2010
湖南】
When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951
，
her mother told
her,
“
Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn't
work out
，
you'll have something to rely on.
”
Mary responded in typical teenage

that
moment
on,
“
the very last thing
I ever thought about doing
was taking a typing course
，”
she recalls.
The
show business
thing
worked out
，
of

her
career
，
Mary
won
many awards.
Only recently
，
when she began to write
Gro
w
ing

Up

Again
，
did
she regret ignoring her mom.
“
I don't know how to use a computer
，”
she
admits.
Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up
—
again
—
and take
control
of
her
diabetes
，
not
let
it
control
her.
Only
then
did
she
kick
her
three-
pack-
a-
day
cigarette
habit
，
overcome
her
addiction
to
alcohol
，
and
begin to follow a balanced diet.
1.
Why did Mary feel regretful?
A
．
She didn't achieve her ambition.
B
．
She didn't take care of her mother.
C
．
She didn't complete her high school.
D
．
She didn't follow her mother's advice.
【
2010
湖南】
Rachael Jack
，
University of Glasgow researcher
，
said that rather
than scanning evenly(
均匀的
)across a face as Westerners do
，
Easterners fix their
attention on the eyes.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial
expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13
East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put
them into categories< br>：
happy
，
sad
，
surprised
，fearful
，
disgusted
，
angry
，
or neutral.
discovery shows that Westerners ______.
A
．
pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B
．
consider facial expressions universally reliable
C
．
observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D
．
have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
2.
What were the people asked to do in the study?
A
．
To make a face at each other.
B
．
To get their faces impressive.
C
．
To classify some face pictures.
D
．
To observe the researchers' faces.
【实战演练
1
】
Too much TV-
watching can harm children's ability to learn and
even reduce their chances of getting a college degree
，
new studies suggest in the
latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.
One
of
the
studies
looked
at
nearly
400
northern
California
third-
with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower
on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.
A second study
，
looking at nearly 1 000 grown-
ups in New Zealand
，
found
lower education levels among 26-
year-
olds who had watched lots of TV during
the results don't prove that TV is the cause and don't rule out that
already poorly motivated youngsters(
年轻人
)may watch lots of TV.
Their
study
measured
the
TV
habits
of
26-
year-
olds
between
ages
5
and
with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of
1
TV per weeknight during childhood
，
compared with an average of more than 2

2
hours for those who had no education beyond high school.
In the California study
，
children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at
home
scored
the
lowest
，
while
those
with
no
bedroom
TV
but
who
had
home
computers scored the highest.
While
this
study
does
not
prove
that
bedroom
TV
sets
caused
the
lower
scores
，
it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn't have TVs in their
bedrooms.
1
．
According to the California study
，
the low-
scoring group might ______.
A
．
have watched a lot of TV
B
．
not be interested in math
C
．
be unable to go to college
D
．
have had computers in their bedrooms
2
．
What is the researchers' understanding of the New Zealand study results?
A
．
Poorly motivated 26-
year-
olds watch more TV.
B
．
Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest.
C
．
TV watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-
year-
olds.
D
．
The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain.
3
．
What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A
．
More time should be spent on computers.
B
．
Children should be forbidden from watching TV
.
C
．
TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms.
D
．
Further studies on high-
achieving students should be done.
4
．
What would be the best title for this text?
A
．
Computers or Television
B
．
Effects of Television on Children
C
．
Studies on TV and College Education
D
．
Television and Children's Learning Habits









【实战演练
2
】
When
you
are
little,the
whole
world
feels
like
a
big
playground.I was living in Conyers,Georgia the summer it all happened.I was a
second grader,but my best friend Stephanie was only in the first of our

It was a hot afternoon and we decided to have an adventure in Stephanie’s

I
opened
the
basement
door,before
us
lay
the
biggest
room,full
of
amazing things like guns,dolls,and old clothes.I ran downstairs,and spotted a red
steel was paint.I looked beyond it and there lay even more paint in bright


―Stephanie,I just found us
a project for the some
are fixing to paint.‖ She screamed with excitement as I told her of my secret plans
and immediately we got to gathered all the brushes we could find and
moved all of our materials to my on the road in front of my house,we
painted
big
stripes(
条纹
)
of
colors
across
the
pavement(
人行道
).Stripe
by

The sun was starting to sink.I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I
recognized
the

was
my
mother.I
couldn’t
wait
to
show
her
my

car
pulled
slowly
into
the
driveway
and
from
the
look
on
my

My
mother shut the car door and walked towards eyes glaring,she
shouted,
―What
in
the
world
were
you
thinking?I
understood
when
you
made
castles out of leaves,and climbed the neighbors trees,but this!Come inside right
now!‖
I
stood
there
glaring
back
at
her
for
a
minute,angry
because
she
had
insulted(
侮辱


―Now
go
clean
it
up!‖
Mother
and
I
began
cleaning
the

ran

Though years have now passed,I still wonder where my rainbow has gone.I
wonder if,maybe when I get older,I can find my rainbow and never have to brush
it away.I guess we all need some sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time
to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful.
did the writer want to do when his mother came home?
A
．
To introduce Stephanie to her.
B
．
To prevent her from seeing his painting.
C
．
To put the materials back in the yard.
D
．
To show his artwork to her.
2
．
In his mother's eyes
，
the writer ______.
A
．
was a born artist
B
．
always caused trouble
C
．
was a problem solver
D
．
worked very hard
3
．
The underlined word
“
rainbow
”
in the last paragraph refers to ______.
A
．
the rainbow in the sky
B
．
the stripes on the pavement
C
．
something imaginative and fun
D
．
important lessons learned in childhood
4
．
It can be learned from the passage that parents should ______.
A
．
encourage children to paint
B
．
value friendship among children
C
．
discover the hidden talent in children
D
．
protect rather than destroy children's dreams








ADCB
DBCD































阅读理解专项突破

猜测词义题解题技巧



在 阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找
词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影 响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有 联系。我
们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国
统一高考中 加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，
对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语 言能力都有非常重要的意义。



这种题常见的提问方式有：



The word
―…‖
in paragraph
…
can best be replaced by
…

…
.


The underlined word
―…‖
most probably means
…
.


By saying
―…‖
, the author means
…



The expression
―…‖
is closest to
…



According to the passage, the phrase
―…‖
suggests
…



The underlined part
―…

…‖
(in Para.
…
) means
…
..


做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来 判断其意义。因
此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。



猜测词义时，一般可利用以下三个方面的线索：



一．

针对性的解释



针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章 中对一些重要的概念、
难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明 确
具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。



1
．

根据定义（
definition
）猜测词义



如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，
那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是
推断词义。



定义常用的谓语动词多为：
be, mean, deal with, be considered, to
be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify
等。



例如：
（

湖北卷
A
段）
Do
you
know
what
a
―
territory
‖

is
?
A
territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims
（声称）
as its own.


由定义可推知，这里
territory
指的是：
―
动物的地盘‖
。



（浙江卷
B
段）
Green building means
―
reducing the impact (
影
响
) of the building on the land
‖
.


由定义我们可以推断这里

Green building
指的是什么。



2
．根据复述推测词义



虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是它提供的信息可以为阅读者猜
测词义提供



依据，至少读者可以根据复述猜测生词的大致
―
义域
‖
（意义范围）
。复
述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。



同位语复述：在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时
也使用破折号，
冒号，
分号，
引号和括号等。
同位语前常有

or
, similarly, that
is to say, in other words, namely, or other
, say, i.e.
等。



例如：
（
浙江卷
B
段）
In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered
wild cat, exist in the U.S. today
．



由同位语
an
endangered
wild
cat
我们很快猜出生词
ocelots
的义
域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。



定语从句复述：



例如：
（

福建卷
E
段）
Here
is
The
Pines
,whose
cook
has
developed
a
special
way
of
mixing
foreign
food
such
as
caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .


According the passage, The Pines is a .


A
．
place in which you can see many mobile homes


B
．
mountain where you can get a good view of the valley


C
．
town which happens to be near the Banff National Park


D
．
restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food


通过
whose
引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：
The Pines
是一家餐
馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：
D
。



2
．

根据举例猜测词义



恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。



例如：
（
04
辽宁卷
C
段）
The course gives you chances to know
great power polities between nation states. It will provide more
space
to
study
particular
issues
such
as
relationship
among
countries
in
the
European
Union,
third
world
debt,
local
and
international
disagreement,
and
the
work
of
such
international
bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the
World Bank.


根据
such as
后面列举的一系列例子，
我们应该能推断出句中的
issue
是指
―
议题
‖
。



二．

内在逻辑关系



根据内在逻辑关系推测 词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之
间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致 义域。



1
．

根据对比关系猜测词义



在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或 现象进行对比性的描述，我们可
以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：< br>unlike, not, but, however
, despite, in spite of, in contrast
等。表示
对比关系的句子结构：
while
引导的并列句。



例如：
（
NMET 2002 E
篇）
A child
’
s birthday party doesn
’
t have
to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.


What
does
the
underlined
word
―
hassle
‖

(paragraph
1)
probably mean?


A. a party designed by specialists


B. a plan requiring careful thought


C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble


D. a demand made by guests


根据对比关系，这里
hassle
和

a
basket
of
fun
是相反的意义，很
容易判断理解题的答案为
C
。



2
．

根据比较关系猜测词义


< br>同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词
和短语主要有：
s imilarly, like, just as, also, as well as
等。



例
如
：
Green
loves
to
talk,
and
his
brothers
are
similarly
loquacious.


该句中副词
similarly
表明短语
loves
to
talk
和
loquacious
之间的
比较关系 ，
其意义相近。
由此我们可推断出
loquacious
的意思是
―
健谈的
‖
。



3
．

根据因果关系猜测词义



在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间 构成因果关系，我们可以根据这
种逻辑关系推测生词词义。



例如：
（
上海卷
B
段）
I feel that since you are my superior , it would
be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
‖



The
word
―
presumptuous
‖

in
the
middle
of
the
passage
is