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boom是什么英语词汇学基本概念汇总

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2021-01-19 07:07
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英文名字转换-boom是什么

2021年1月19日发(作者:复数形式)
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《英语词汇学》重要术语


One:

1. Native words
本族词
Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native
words.


2.
Loan
words
借词
Words
borrowed
from
other
languages
are
loan
words
or
borrowed
words.


3.
Slang
words
俚语
Slang
words
are
those
words
of
a
vigorous,
colourful,
facetious,
or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses, or derived from the
unconventional use of the standard vocabulary.


4.
Function
words
功能词
Function
words
are
often
short
words
such
as
determiners,
conjunctions,
prepositions,
auxiliaries
that
serve
grammatically
more
than
anything
else.


5.
Content
words
实义词
Content
words
are
used
to
name
objects,
qualities,
actions,
processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning.


6. Free forms
自由形式
Forms which occur as sentences are free forms.


Two:

1. Morphemes
语素
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful linguistic units of
English language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms.


2. Allomorphs
语素变体
Allomorphs are any of the variant forms of a morpheme as
conditioned by position or adjoining sounds.


3. Free morpheme
自由语素
Free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with
meaning.

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4. Bound morpheme
粘着语素
Bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a complete
utterance and must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound.


5.
Root
词根
Root
is
the
basic
unchangeable
part
of
a
word
and
it
conveys
the
main
lexical meaning of the word.


6.
Affix
词缀
Affix
is
a
collective
term
for
the
type
of
formative
that
can
be
used
only when added to another morpheme.


7.
Inflectional
affix
屈折词缀
Inflectional
affix
serves
to
express
such
meanings
as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree.


8.
Derivational
affix
派生词缀
Derivational
affix
is
the
kind
of
affixes
that
has
specific
lexical
meaning
hand
can
derive
a
word
when
it
is
added
to
another
morpheme.


9. Prefixes
前缀
Prefixes are affixes added before words.

10. Suffixes
后缀
Suffixes are affixes added after words.


Three

1.
Word- formation
rules
构词规则
Word-formation
rules
define
the
scope
and
methods
whereby speakers of a language may create new words.


2.
Stem
词干
Stem
is
the
part
of
the
word-form
which
remains
when
all
inflectional
affixes have been removed.


3. Base
词基
Base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.


4. Compounding
合成法
Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of
joining two or more bases to form a new unit.


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5.
Derivation
派生法
Derivation
or
affixation
is
a
word- formation
process
by
which
new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base.


6. Conversion
转化法
Conversion is a word-formation process whereby a word of a
certain
word- class
is
shifted
into
a
word
of
another
word-class
without
the
addition
of an affix.


7. Prefixation
前缀法
Prefixation is the addition of a prefix to the base.


8.
Suffixation
后缀法
Suffixation
refers
to
the
addition
of
a
suffix
to
the
base.


Four:

1. Initialism
首字母连写词
Initialism is a type of shortening, using the first
letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term or a phrase and it is
pronounced letter by letter.


2. Acronyms
首字母拼音词
Acronyms are word
formed from the
initial letters
of the
name
of
an
organization
or
a
scientific
term,
and
they
are
pronounced
as
words
rather
than as sequences of letters.


3. Clipping
截短法
The process of clipping involves the deletion of one or more
syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form.


4.
Blending
拼缀法
Blending
is
a
process
of
word-formation
in
which
a
new
word
is
formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in
its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.


5. Back-formation
逆成法
Back-formation is a type of word-formation by which a
shorter
word
is
coined
by
the
deletion
of
a
supposed
affix
from
a
longer
form
already
present in the language.

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6. Reduplication
重叠法
Reduplication is a minor type of word-formation by which
a compound word is created by therepetition of one word or of two almost identical
words with a change in the vowels or of two almost identical words with a change
in the initial consonants.

7.
Neoclassical
formation
新古典词构成法
Neoclassical
formation
is
the
process
by
which new words are formed from elements derived from Latin and Greek.


Five:

1. Conventionality
约定俗成
It is the characteristics of relation between the
sound-symbol
and
its
sense:
there
is
no
way
to
explain
why
this
or
that
sound-symbol
has this or that meaning beyond the fact that the people of a given community have
agreed to use one to designate the other.


2.
Motivation
理据
Motivation
refers
to
the
direct
connection
between
word- symbol
and its sense.


3.
Echoic/
onomatopoeic
words
拟声词
Echoic
words
or
onomatopoeic
words
are
words
motivated phonetically whose pronunciation suggests the meaning.


4. Morphological motivation
语素结构理据
A word is morphologically motivated if
a
direct
connection
can
be
observed
between
the
morphemic
structure
of
the
word
and
its meaning.


5.
Semantic
motivation
语义理据
Semantic
motivation
refers
to
motivation
based
on
semantic factors and it is usually provided by the figurative usage of words.


6. Grammatical meaning
语法意义
Grammatical meaning consists of word-class and
inflectional paradigm.


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英文名字转换-boom是什么


英文名字转换-boom是什么


英文名字转换-boom是什么


英文名字转换-boom是什么


英文名字转换-boom是什么


英文名字转换-boom是什么


英文名字转换-boom是什么


英文名字转换-boom是什么



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