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acquire怎么读宁波大学研究生近三年英语期末试卷vocabulary和translation答案-原文再现

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2021-01-19 07:13
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道在人为-acquire怎么读

2021年1月19日发(作者:insane)
Part1

Vocabulary

























2008/2009

2009/2010
Section A




Due to the destruction of refining
capabilities by hurricanes, and
an
expectedly large
decline
in commercial oil reserves in recent days, the New York market, for the first time,
closed on a price above 80 U.S. dollars per barrel on Sept. 13; and hit a new
record
in the
history of nominal prices. As a matter of fact, oil prices have been
rising
since 2002 at a
pace and with a lasting time rarely seen in
round of price
hikes
?





Firstly,
an
increasingly
short
supply

of
oil
in
the
world
is
the
fundamental
cause
.
According to statistics from the British firm BP
, the world has been
demanding
more oil than
can be produced since 1981; and the
case
is still the same today.
Currently
, oil
production

in most countries has already or will soon go down - leaving less of a surplus to use - but at
the
same
time,
demand
keeps
increasing
.
The
supply
remains
tight
and
prices
keep
soaring despite OPEC's decision to increase crude oil production by 500,000 barrels per
day as of Nov. 1. With little price elasticity from both demand and
supply
, any trivial event
will send prices skyrocketing.





Secondly, short-term speculations on oil
futures
by large amounts of funding also drive
prices
up
.
A
Citi
report
in
May
2006
mentioned
that
U.S.
commodity
markets
hold
an
average speculation volume of over 120 billion US dollars each month, chiefly coming from
natural
gas
(30.3
billion
dollars)
and
crude
oil
(30.1
billion
dollars).
The
numerous
speculation

deals
have
a
massive
impact
on
oil
futures
prices
considering
the
leverage
effect of futures margin deals. With excessive liquidity worldwide, funds behind oil futures
speculations will remain
the same.






Thirdly
, the U.S. government's pursuit of a weak dollar policy in recent years has also
contributed, to a certain degree,
to
the
hike
in oil prices. Almost all oil deals worldwide are
priced
in US
dollars
; and the dollar's devaluation puts on the pressure for
higher
oil
prices
.
To maintain an income and purchasing power,
raising

prices has become a major strategy
of OPEC members. According to studies, when the dollar

devalues

by 1 percent, it causes
an
oil
price
hike
of
the
same
degree.
In
addition,
technical,
meteorological
and
political
elements
also
affect prices.





It should be noted that although nominal oil prices hit one peak after

another,
actual
prices still remained below historical records; and have a relatively
limited

impact
on the
world economy. It appears that the present world economic aggregate is much bigger than
that
during the oil crisis in the 1970s; but now countries are
much
stronger in their ability to
macro-regulate.
Developed
countries,
in
particular,
use
energies
less
crazily.
Therefore,
high
oil prices now have a much smaller
impact
on the world economy than in the past.
注:红色字体为
2008/2009
学年第
1
学期期末 试卷的
blank
;绿色字体为
2009/2010
学年的
blan k
;蓝色字体为重复
blank



原文链接:
/english/2007-09/19/content_





2008/2009
Part I
Section B
The easiest among the rich Islamic societies to study is Saudi Arabia. One single statistic is most
telling
in
detailing
the
failure
of
Saudi
society
to
grow
-
despite
being
the
largest
producer
of
crude
oil
in
the
world,
Saudi
Arabia
actually
imports
most
of
its
fuel,
eg
diesel
and
refined
products such as lubricants. [1]


The
failure
of
industry
is
in
essence
a
failure
of
capitalism.
In
most
countries
where
wealth
is
concentrated in the hands of a few - such as the
20th century or today's Russia - a functioning financial system helped to intermediate risks. This is
not
possible
in
strict
Islamic
societies
as
the
religion
bans
usury,
thus
disallowing
the
flow
of
capital to the people needing it the most, ie, young entrepreneurs. Faced with uneconomic returns
at home, most Middle Eastern rulers deposit their money at higher rates with European banks.


A second failure in Saudi society is the absence of appropriate education for restless
youth. [2]
Religious education, rather than grounding in modern sciences, remains the norm. Thus while the
production
of
muezzins
is
guaranteed,
hiring
a
petroleum
engineer
can
be
tricky.
In
turn,
this
causes
an
excessive
reliance
on

immigrants,
which
in
turn
creates
a
multi-tier
society,
focusing much of the anger of locals on the wrong targets - the people who take their jobs, rather
than the ones in government and religious schools who actually caused the situation to emerge.


Religious education also produces famously insular people. A US magazine's poll of Arab youth
found that very few had heard of the Apollo moon landings, and indeed all of them dismissed such
feats
as
US
propaganda.
The
notion
that
human
beings
could
land
on
the
moon
would
appear
far-fetched
to
anyone
who
holds
the
satellite
as
a
celestial
object
rather
than
an
astronomical
oddity.


The rule of irony with which I started this article holds true here - in the Dark Ages for Europe, it
was
Islamic
societies
that
led
the
world
in
the
adoption
and
spread
of
science
and
technology.
While
they
cannot
claim
to
have
invented
much,
as
credit
goes
to
the
Chinese
and
Indian
civilizations, they certainly used inventions to their advantage well before the Europeans caught
on.
原文链接
/atimes/Global_Economy/

2009/2010
Part I
Section B
The Kyoto Protocol was initially adopted on Dec. 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and entered into force
on Feb. 16, 2005. As of November 2009, 187 states have signed and ratified the pact.

道在人为-acquire怎么读


道在人为-acquire怎么读


道在人为-acquire怎么读


道在人为-acquire怎么读


道在人为-acquire怎么读


道在人为-acquire怎么读


道在人为-acquire怎么读


道在人为-acquire怎么读



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