lawyer是什么意思考研英语五夜十篇讲义

2021年1月19日发(作者：groove)
第一篇：英国乡村

第一段

1. For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.

（世界范围）

2. In Britain this has had a curious result.


3. While polls show
（民调显示）

Britons
（
英国人）
rate
（
认为）
“the countryside”

alongside
（以及）

the
royal
family,
Shakespeare
and
the
National
Health
Service
(NHS)
as
（是）

what makes them proudest of their country, this
（英国人对于乡村
的看法）

has limited political support.
（民众和政府的观点不一样！
！
！
）

While:
虽然（句首）
；但是（中间）
；同时

26.
Britain’s public sentiment
（观点）

about the countryside ________.
（细节）
1
[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age
滚！
！
！

[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS
滚！
！
！

[C] is fully backed by the royal family
滚！
！
！

[D] is not well reflected in politics= has limited political support.

第二段

1. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust
（国民信托组织）

not
to
rescue stylish
houses
(
时尚的豪宅
)
but
to
save “the beauty of natural
places
for
everyone forever.”

but to for everyone “natural places the beauty”


2. It (
组织
) was specifically to provide city dwellers
（居民）

with spaces for
leisure /
where they could experience “a refreshing air.”

Providesbwithsth
3.
Hill’s pressure
(
敦促，施压
)
（政府）

later led to the creation
（产生）

of
national parks and green belts.


4.
They
（政府）

don’t
make
（建设）

countryside
any
more,
and
every
year
concrete consumes more of it.
（比喻，
混凝土消 耗着更多乡村！
=
很多房建在了乡
村）绿地被破坏！
=
成果被破坏！

5. It
（乡村）
needs constant guardianship.
（保护）

ing to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being
________.2
（细节）

[B] effectively reinforced.
[D] properly protected.
[A] gradually destroyed.
[C] largely overshadowed.

Parliament
：

The House of Noble
上

The House of Common
下

650

半数！
325
！
Shadow cabinet / cabinet
The labor (left)








Conservative (right)






200+














318

Liberal Democratic
（
10
）

Green party 1
Ukip 1
第三段

1. At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse
（支持）

this
sentiment.
（保护乡村）

Sponsor
（支持）

2.
The
Conservatives’
（
保
守
党
）

planning
reform
explicitly
gives
rural
development(
开发
)
priority
over
conservation
（保护）
,
even
authorizing
（批准）

“off
-
plan” building where local people might object
（反对）
.
Sb gives A priority over B

某人给了
A
优先权，而没有给
B
优先权；

某人重视
A
而不重视
B

3. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.

sustainable development =
环保

profitable=
有利可图！

Profitable= lucrative
Lucrative= handsome
Lucrative = rich

4. Labour
（
工党）

likewise(
同样的
) wants to discontinue
（
停止）

local planning
where councils oppose development(
反对开发
).

local planning=
保护乡村

工党也支持开发！


5. The Liberal Democrats are silent.


6. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with
（站在了一起）

those pleading
for
（呼吁）

a more considered
（周全）

approach
（方法）

to using green land.


7. Its
（
Ukip
）

Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into
（使
…
害
怕）
many local Conservative parties.
of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?3
[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.
[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off
-
plan” building.

（有
may
也不对的两种情况：

1.
和文章表述完全相反，

2.

文中完全没有提及。
）

[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
（保持沉默不以为这失去了政治影响力）

[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
（有
may
有未来！
）

第四段

1. The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people
are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.


2.
The
London
agents
Stirling
Ackroyd
recently
identified
（找到了）

enough
sites(
建筑用地
) for
（容纳）
half a million houses in the London are alone, with no
intrusion
（侵占）

on green belt.

Overstep

3. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces (
其他地方
).

第五段

1.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk.

1
）
“housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows”

要想解决住房危机就是要在绿地上建房。

2
）
The idea is pure lobby talk

2. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.


3. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban
renovation and renewal.

4. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets
（城市商业街）
.

High street

Fleet street=
英国报业

Downing street=
英国政府

Wall street =
美国的金融界

author holds that George Osborne’s preference ________.
45
（细节）

[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
[B] shows his disregard
（不关心）

for the character of rural areas
[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis
[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas

5. This is not a free market but a biased
（有偏见的！有歧视的！
）

one.

保 守党人往往是支持自由资本主义的。
他们就主张要提供一个无差别的竞争
的环境，让人人，各个 组织机构都有机会，公平竞争。

保守党人认为政府不应该插手到市场的活动中。


6. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.


7. They do so best where building sticks to their edges
（
边界）

and respects their
character.


8. We do not ruin urban conservation areas.


9. Why ruin rural ones?

第六段

1. Development should be planned, not let rip.

Let rip = let sth rip
肆意妄为

2.
After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country.


3. Half a century of town and country planning(
半个世纪以来的城乡规划
) has
enabled it (
英国
) to retain
（保持了）

an enviable rural coherence
（一致性）
, while
（同时）

still permitting low-density urban living.
Permit sth
使什么成为可能

the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of ________.6
（细节）

[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
主题为王
k k
必杀

[D] the town- and-country planning in Britain


[A] the size of population in Britain
[B] the political life in today’s Britain



4.
There
is
no
doubt
of
the
alternative
—
the
corrupted
landscapes
of
southern
Portugal, Spain or Ireland.


5.
Avoiding
this
rather
than
promoting
it
should
unite
the
left
and
right
of
the
political spectrum.
政治谱系

政治谱系上的左派和右派应该团结起来，
避免 这样的事情发生，
而不是促成破坏
英国乡村。


第二篇：英国福利

标注段落号和句子序号

切分
/
调序

第一段

1.
In
order
to
“change
lives
for
the
better”
and
reduce
“dependency”,
George
Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.

George Osborneintroduced the “upfront
（诚信）

work search” scheme
（计划）

In o
rder to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency”,
（人们）？？

Chancellor of the Exchequer
2. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV
（简历）
, register for online
job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit
—
and then they
should report weekly rather than fortnightly.

Only if
…
.2) theywill be eligible forbenefit
Be eligible for sth

Be eligible to do sth.

1).the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV
（简历）
, register for online job
search, and start looking for work
3
）
they should report weekly rather than
（而不是）

fortnightly
（每两周）


3. What could be more reasonable?
21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to______
__. 1
细节

[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits
写作句：
I can have the better access to the up-to-date information with the
help of the mobile Internet.

[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking

名词（有动词含义的）翻译为动词

[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily
[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits

Legitimate
：合法；合理的；

（重视分析题干和选项以及相关语言点！
）

第二段

1. More apparent reasonableness followed.


2. There will now be a seven-
day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance.

（介词能省译就省！
）

3.
“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to
sign on
,”
he claimed.
（找指代！
！
！
）

词汇：
looking for(
寻找
)
work


not

looking to
（寻找）

_____
22. The phrase “to sign on” (Para. 2) most probably means________.
2
词汇

[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the job centre
[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance

[C]to register for an allowance from the government
[D]to attend a governmental job-training program

A B C D

4.
“We’re doing these things because we know t
hey
（
things
）
）

help people stay
off
（远离）

benefits and help those on
（依靠）

benefits get into work faster.”


5. Help?


6. Really?
（作者观点！
）

Diss 2012.1 peer pressure


7. On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change
lives
for
the
better,
complete
with
“reforms”
to
an
obviously
indulgent
system
that
demands
too
little
effort
from
the
newly
unemployed
to
find
work,
and
subsidizes
laziness.

民生！社会责任感！

1
）
On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor
2
）
trying to change lives for the better
3
）
complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent
（纵容性质的）

system
4
）
system demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and
subsidizes
（资助）

laziness.
8.
What
motivated him, we were to
understand,
was
his
zeal
for “fundamental
fairness”—
protecting
the
taxpayer,
controlling
spending
and
ensuring
that
only
the
most deserving claimants received their benefits.
1
）
we were to understand
2
）
What motivated
（
促使）

himwas his zeal
（渴求）

for
“fundamental fairness”
？

—
protecting the taxpayer,
controlling spending and

ensuring
that
only
the
most
deserving
（最有资格的）

claimants
（申请者）

received their benefits.
（福利）

23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?
细节

2
[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.
[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.
[C]An urge to be generous
（慷慨）
to the claimants.
[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.

第三段

1.
Losing a job is hurting: you don’t ski
p down to the jobcentre with a song in
your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.


2.
It
is
financially
terrifying,
psychologically
embarrassing
and
you
know
that
support
（福利）

is minimal
（最基本的）

and extraordinarily hard to get.


3. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment
that offers purpose and structure in your life.

that offers purpose
（目标）

and structure
（支撑）

in your life.
4. Worse, the crucial
（重要）

income to feed
（养活）

yourself and your family
and pay the bills has disappeared.

5. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always:
a
job.
Losing a job is hurting:
24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel________.3
细

[A]uneasy
（不安）

[B]enraged
（愤怒）

[C]insulted
（侮辱）

[D]guilty
（有罪）


第四段

1.
But
in
Osborneland,
your
first
instinct(
本
能
)
is
to
fall
into
dependency
—
permanent dependency if you can get it
—
supported by a
state
only too
ready to indulge
（纵容）

your falsehood
（不诚信）
.

England
英格兰

Osborneland
奥斯本兰

Mayland

2. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit
administration system never happened.

It is as though
：仿佛，好像！

（过去
20
多年，已经对英国的福利制度改革了！
）

3.
The
principle
of
British
welfare
is
no
longer
that
you
can
insure
yourself
against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster
happens.

1
）
The principle of British welfare is no longer that
2
）
you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment
3
）
you can receive unconditional payments(
资助
) if the disaster happens.


4.
Even
the
very
phrase
“jobseeker’s
allowance”is
about
redefining
the
unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has
earned through making national insurance contributions.

1
）
Even
the
very
phrase
“jobseeker’s
allowance”is
about
redefining
the
unemployed as a “jobseeker”

2
）
“jobseeker”had no fundamental right to a benefit
（
that
）

3
）
he
or
she
has
earned
（
benefit
）

through
making
national
insurance
contributions
5.
Instead,
the
claimant
receives
a
time-
limited
“allowance,”
conditional
on