pogo什么意思专八：改错模拟题(2020年整理).doc

2021年1月19日发(作者：消除疲劳)
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模拟
1

You stare at a waterfall for a minute or two, then shift your gaze to its surrounding. What you now
see appears to drift upward. You __1
are board a train in a busy station when suddenly another train next __2
to your starts moving forward. __3
For a fraction of a second you feel that your train has lurched

backward. These optical illusions
occur
because
the
brain
is
constantly
matching
its
model
of
reality
to
signals
from
the
body’s

sensors and interpret what must be happening
–
that your train __4
might have moved, not the other; that downward motion is now __5
normal, so a change from it must be perceived as upward motion.
The sensors that make this magic are two kinds. __6
Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision.
These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burnt
__7
ten miles away. Colorful vision in each eye comes from six to seven __8
million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone
can “see” the entire rainbow
spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, the third
to __9
blue.
By
monitoring
how
many
wavelength
of
light
affects
the
different
cones,
a
connected
ganglion cell can determ
ine its “color” and relay
that data. Rods and cones send their messages
pulsing on __10
average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve.



模拟

2
The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The most developed a legal
system becomes, the more __1
societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment __2
of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to dealing with __3
an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personal carrying
out judgment and punishment __4
upon the person who did the offense. __5
But
in
legal
systems,
the
responsibility
for
revenge
becomes
personalized
and
diffused.
The
society assumes the responsibility for __6
protecting individuals from violence. In cases where he cannot be __7
protected, the society is responsible for committing punishment. __8
In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed __9
from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the __10
state assumes responsibility for their protection.



模拟

3
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There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral.
Great numbers of animal oil come from whales, those enormous __1
creatures of the sea which are the largest
remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale
from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick cover of fat called blubber.
When the __2
whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either board the ship or on shore. It
produces a great quantity of oil which __3
can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, and none so much
as the whale. The livers of the cod and __4
the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given
to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any
chemist. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. __5
No household can not get on without it, for it is used in cooking. To __6
the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another.
But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil,
one
almost always __7
means
mineral
oil,
the
oil
that
drives
tanks,
aeroplanes
and
warships,motor-cars
and
diesel
locomotives;
the
oil
that
is
used
to
lubricate
all
kinds
of
machineries.
This
is
the
oil
that
has
changed the life __8
of the common men. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, __9
which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. __10





模拟
4

Dinosaurs, saber-tooth tigers and the dodo bird are famous examples __1
of animals that have become extinct. In case of the dinosaurs, it __2
seems likely that a catastrophic event alters the global climate __3
enough to lead to their disappearance. More recent extinctions and near- extinctions
－
such as the
blue whales, tiger, panda, and __4
North American bison
—
have been the direct result of human activity. By the early 1990s, species
were becoming extinct at a rate of three per hour, or 27,000 every day
–
a figure quoted by the
American
biologist
Edward

of
Harvard
University,
based
on
his
most
conservative
estimates.
This
rate
of
extinctions
carries
with
it
some
terrible
consequences.
Each
plant
that
becomes extinct,for example, may take with it as much as 30 insects and animals __5
that depend on it for food. Habitat loss is one of the most important causes of extinction. For rising
populations in many countries __6
lead to the clearing of more land, habitats such as raining forest __7
and grasslands disappear.
In the East Africa, once renowned for its wildlife, few wild animals __8
remain living outside the boundaries of national parks and game __9
reserves. In other parts of the world, coastal ecosystems are clearing __10
for development. Wetland areas are drying out as a result of water extraction to support farming
and tourism. Bird species are among

the worst affected by the loss of wetlands.

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模拟
5
Now,
it
is
clear
that
the
decline
of
a
language
must
ultimately
have
political
and
economical
causes: it is not due simply to the bad __1
influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become __2
a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect __3
in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink __4
because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most __5
completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language.
It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language
__6
makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is irreversible. Modern
English, especially written English, __7
is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can beavoided if one is willing to take
the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is
a __8
necessary
first
step
towards
political
regeneration:
so
that
the
fight
against
bad
English
is
not
frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning __9
of professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope __10
that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer.

模拟
6

Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health is true that in this country we have
more overweighted people __1
than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates an increased risk of heart
and blood vessel disease. __2
These diseases, therefore, may have as much to do with our __3
way of life and our high-fat diets as with excessive weight. And __4
the associate risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more __5
about a dietary problem
—
too much fat and a lack of fiber than a __6
weight

real
concern,
then,
is
not
that
we
weigh
too
much,
but

that
we
neither
exercise enough or eat well. Exercise is necessary __7
for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet

without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many should surely stop paying so
much attention on weight. __8
Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardy if those who __9
get(or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to
their overall life-style. Thinness can be purely vainglory. __10




模拟
7

To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to
women’s character and concerns.