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2021年1月19日发(作者:悖德)

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孙子兵法

(中英对照)

孙子兵法

The Art of War
孙武

By Sun Tzu
Translated by Lionel Giles
始计第一

Laying Plans
孙子曰:兵者,国之大事,死生之地,存亡之道,不可不察也。

Sun Tzu said


The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life
and de

atha road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no
account be neglected.
故经之以五事,校之以计,而索其情:一曰道,二曰天,三曰地,四曰将,五曰法。

The art of war


then


is governed by five constant factor

s to be taken into account in
one's deliberatio

ns when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field.
These are



1


The Moral Law




2


Heaven



3


Earth



4


The Commander



5


Method and discipline.
道者,令民于上同意,可与之死,可与之生,而不危也;

The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler


so that they
will follow him regardless of their lives


undismayed by any danger.
天者,阴阳、寒暑、时制也;

Heaven signifies night and da

y cold and hea

t times and seasons.
地者,远近、险易、广狭、死
生也;

Earth comprises distance

s great and smal

l danger and security


open ground and narrow
passe

s the chances of life and death.
将者,智、信、仁、勇、严也;

The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdo

m sincerely


benevolence


courage and
strictness.
法者,曲制、官道、主用也。

By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper
subdivisions


the graduations of rank among the officer

s the maintenance of roads by which
supplies may reach the ar

myand the control of military expenditure.
凡此五者,将莫不闻,知之者胜,不知之者不胜。

These five heads should be familiar to every gene

ralhe who knows them will be victorious


he who knows them not will fail.
故校之以计,而索其情,曰:主孰有道?

Therefore


in your deliberations


when seeking to determine the military condition

s let
them be made the basis of a compariso

n in this wise
:——

将孰有能?天地孰得?法令孰行?兵众孰强?士卒孰练?赏罚孰明?吾以此知胜负矣。


1


Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law




2


Which of the two
generals has most ability




3


With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Ear

th


4


On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced



5


Which army is stronger




6


On which side are officers and men more highly trained




7


In which army is there the
greater constancy both in reward and punishm

ent
By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.
将听吾计,用之必胜,
留之;将不听吾计,用之必败,去之。

The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it


will conquer


let such a one be
retained in command


The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upo

n iwt ill suffer
defeat
:——

let such a one be dismissed


计利以听,乃为之势,以佐其外。

While heading the profit of my counse

l avail yourself also of any helpful circumstances
over and beyond the ordinary rules.
势者,因利而制权也。

According as circumstances are favorab

le one should modify one's plans.
兵者,诡道也。

All warfare is based on deception.
故能而示之不能,用而示之不用,近而示之远,远而示之近。

Hence

when able to attack


we must seem unabl

e when using our forces


we must seem


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inactive


when we are nea

r we must make the enemy believe we are far aw

ay when far away


we
must make him believe we are near.
利而诱之,乱而取之,

Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disord

er and crush him.
实而备之,强而避之,

If he is secure at all point

s be prepared for him. If he is in superior streng

th evade
him.
怒而挠之,卑而骄之,

If your opponent is of choleric tempe

r seek to irritate him. Pretend to be wea

k that he
may grow arrogant.
佚而劳之,亲而离之,

If he is taking his eas

e give him no rest. If his forces are unite

d separate them.
攻其无
备,出其不意。

Attack him where he is unprepare

d appear where you are not expected.
此兵家之胜,不可先传
也。

These military devices


leading to victory


must not be divulged beforehand.
夫未战而庙算胜
者,得算多也;未战而庙算不胜者,得算少也。多算 胜少算,而况于无算乎!吾以此

观之,胜负见矣。

Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple where the battle is
fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many
calculations lead to vic

toryand few calculations to defea

t how much more no calculation at
al

l It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.
作战第二

II.

Waging War
孙子曰:凡用兵之法,驰车千驷,革车千乘,带甲十万,千里馈粮。则内外之费,宾客之用,< br>胶

漆之材,车甲之奉,日费千金,然后十万之师举矣。

Sun Tzu said


In the operations of war


where there are in the field a thousand swift
chariot

s as many heavy chariots


and a hundred thousand mail- clad soldie

rs with provisions
enough to carry them a thousand

li the expenditure at home and at the fro

nt including
entertainment of guest

s small items such as glue and pai

nt and sums spent on chariots and
arm

or will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. Such is the cost of raising
an army of 100


000 men.
其用战也,胜久则钝兵挫锐,攻城则力屈,

When you engage in actual fighting


if victory is long in coming


then men's weapons will
grow dull and their ardor will be damped. If you lay siege to a tow

n you will exhaust your
strength.
久暴师则国用不足。

Again


if the campaign is protracted


the resources of the State will not be equal to the
strain.
夫钝兵挫锐,屈力殚货,则诸侯乘其弊而起,虽有智者不能善其后矣。

Now


when your weapons are dulled


your ardor damped


your strength exhausted and your
treasure spent


other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. Then no m

anhowever wise


will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue.
故兵闻拙速,未睹巧之久也。

Thus


though we have heard of stupid haste in wa

r cleverness has never been seen
associated with long delays.
夫兵久而国利者,未之有也。

There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare.
故不尽知用兵之害
者,则不能尽知用兵之利也。

It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly
understand the profitable way of carrying it on.
善用兵者,役不再籍,粮不三载,

The skillful soldier does not raise a second le

vy neither are his supply-wagons loaded
more than twice.
取用于国,因粮于敌,故军食可足也。

Bring war material with you from home


but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have
food enough for its needs.
国之贫于师者远输,远输则百姓贫;

Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a
distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.
近师者贵卖,贵卖则百姓财竭,



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On the other hand


the proximity of an army causes prices to go up


and high prices cause
the people's substance to be drained away.
财竭则急于丘役。

When their substance is drained awa

y the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.
力屈中原、内虚于家,百姓之费,十去其七;公家之费,

破军罢马,甲胄矢弓,戟盾矛橹,丘牛大车,

十去其六。

With this loss of substance and exhaustion of streng

th the homes of the people will be
stripped bar

e and three-tenths of their income will be dissipate

d while government expenses
for broken chario

ts worn-out horses


breast-plates and helme

ts bows and arrows


spears and
shield

s protective mantles


draught-oxen and heavy wagons


will amount to four-tenths of its
total revenue.
故智将务食于敌,食敌一钟,当吾二十钟;□①杆一石,当吾二十石。

Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy's
provisions is equivalent to twenty of one's own


and likewise a single picul of his provender is
equivalent to twenty from one's own store.
【注:】①:忌”加艹”头。

故杀敌者,怒也;取敌之利者,货也。

Now in order to kill the enemy


our men must be roused to anger


that there may be
advantage from defeating the enemy


they must have their rewards.
车战得车十乘以上,赏其先得者而更其旌旗。车杂而乘之,卒善而养之,是谓胜敌而益强。

Therefore in chariot fighting


when ten or more chariots have been take

n those should be
rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enem

y and the
chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours. The captured soldiers should be kindly treated
and kept. This is ca

lledusing the conquered foe to augment one's own strength.
故兵贵胜,不贵久。

In war


then


let your great object be victory


not lengthy campaigns.
故知兵之将,民之司
命。国家安危之主也。

Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people's

fa
t
ehe man on
whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril.
谋攻第三

III.

Attack by Stratagem
孙子曰:夫用兵之法,全国为上,破国次之;全军 为上,破军次之;全旅为上,
破旅次之;全卒

为上,破卒次之;全伍为上,破伍次之。

Sun Tzu said


In the practical art of wa

r the best thing of all is to take the enemy's
country whole and int

act to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So


too


it is better to
recapture an army entire than to destroy i

t to capture a regimen

t a detachment or a company
entire than to destroy them.
是故百战百胜,非善之善也;不战而屈人之兵,善之善者也。

Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence


supreme excellence
consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting.
故上兵伐谋,其次伐交,其次伐兵,其下攻城。

Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy's pla

ns the next best is to
prevent the junction of the enemy's forces


the next in order is to attack the enemy's army in
the fiel

d and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.
攻城之法,为不得已。修橹轒辒,具器械,三月而后成;距堙,又三月而后已。

The rule is


not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of
mant

letsmovable shelters


and various implements of wa

r will take up three whole months


and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more.
将不胜其忿而蚁附之,杀士卒三分之一,而城不拔者,此攻之灾也。

The genera

l unable to control his irritation


will launch his men to the assault like
swarming an

ts with the result that one-third of his men are slai

n while the town still
remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege.
故善用兵者,屈人之兵而非战也,拔人之城而非攻也,毁人之国而非久也,

Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fight

ing he captures
their cities without laying siege to them


he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations
in the field.


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必以全争于天下,故兵不顿而利可全,此谋攻之法也。

With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire


and thus


without losing
a man


his triumph will be complete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem.
故用兵之法,十则围之,五则攻之,倍则分之,

It is the rule in war


if our forces are ten to the enemy's on

eto surround him


if five
to one


to attack him


if twice as numerous


to divide our army into two.
敌则能战之,少则能逃之,不若则能避之。

If equally matched


we can offer battle


if slightly inferior in numbers


we can avoid the
enem

y if quite unequal in every way


we can flee from him.
故小敌之坚,大敌之擒也。

Hence


though an obstinate fight may be made by a small for

cein the end it must be
captured by the larger force.
夫将者,国之辅也。辅周则国必强,辅隙则国必弱。

Now the general is the bulwark of the Sta

te if the bulwark is complete at all points


the
State will be strong


if the bulwark is defective


the State will be weak.
故君之所以患于军者三:

There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his ar

my
——


1


不知军之不可以进而谓之进,不知军之不可以退而谓之退,是谓縻军;


1

By commanding the army to advance or to retre

at being ignorant of the fact that it
cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army.

2


不知三军之事而同三军之政,则军士惑矣;



2


By
attempting
to
govern
an
army
in
the
same
way
as
he
administers
a
kingd

ombeing
ignorant
of
the
conditions
which
obtain
in
an
army.
This
causes
restlessness
in
the
soldier's
minds.

3
)不知三军之权而同三军之任,则军士疑矣。



3


By employing the officers of his army without discrimination


through ignorance of the
military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.
三军既惑且疑,则诸侯之难至矣。是谓乱军引胜。

But when the army is restless and distrustfu

l trouble is sure to come from the other feudal
princes. This is simply bringing anarchy into the army


and flinging victory away. < br>故知胜有五:
知可以战与不可以战者胜,
识众寡之用者胜,
上下同欲者胜,以虞待不虞者胜,
将能而

君不御者胜。
此五者,知胜之道也。

Thus we may know that there are five essentials for victo

ry


1


He will win who knows
when to fight and when not to fight.


2


He will win who knows how to handle both superior and
inferior forces

. 3


He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its
ranks

. 4


He will win who


prepared himsel

f waits to take the enemy unprepared

. 5


He
will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign.
故曰:知己知彼,百战不贻;不知彼而知己,一胜一负;不知彼不知己,每战必败。

Hence the saying


If you know the enemy and know yourself


you need not fear the result of
a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enem

y for every victory gained you will also
suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourse

lf you will succumb in every battle.
军形第四

IV.

Tactical Dispositions
孙子曰:昔之善战者,先为不可胜,以待敌之可胜。

Sun Tzu said


The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defe

atand then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.
不可胜在己,可胜在敌。

To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands


but the opportunity of defeating
the enemy is provided by the enemy himself.
故善战者,能为不可胜,不能使敌之必可胜。

Thus the good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat


but cannot make certain of
defeating the
enemy.
故曰:胜可知,而不可为。

Hence the saying


One may know how to conquer without being able to do it.
不可胜者,守也;


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可胜者,攻也。

Security against defeat implies defensive tacti

cs ability to defeat the enemy means taking
the offensive.
守则不足,攻则有余。

Standing on the defensive indicates insufficient streng

th attacking


a superabundance of
strength.
善守者藏于九地之下,善攻者动于九天之上,故能自保而全胜也。

The general who is skilled in defense hides in the most secret recesses of the

earhthe who
is skilled in attack flashes forth from the topmost heights of heaven. Thus on the one hand we
have ability to protect ours

elvoens the other


a victory that is complete.
见胜不过众人之所知,非善之善者也;

To see victory only when it is within the ken of the common herd is not the acme of
excellence.
战胜而天下曰善,非善之善者也。

Neither is it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer and the whole Empire s

ays



故举秋毫不为多力,见日月不为明目,闻雷霆不为聪耳。

To lift an autumn hair is no sign of great streng

th to see the sun and moon is no sign of
sharp si

ghtto hear the noise of thunder is no sign of a quick ear.
古之所谓善战者,胜于易胜者也。

What the ancients called a clever fighter is one who not only wi

ns but excels in winning
with ease.
故善战者之胜也,无智名,无勇功,

Hence his victories bring him neither reputation for wisdom nor credit for courage.
故其战胜
不忒。不忒者,其所措胜,胜已败者也。

He wins his battles by making no mistakes. Making no mistakes is what establishes the
certainty of victo

ry for it means conquering an enemy that is already defeated.
故善战者,立于不败之地,而不失敌之败也。

Hence the skillful fighter puts himself into a position which makes defeat impossib

le and
does not miss the moment for defeating the enemy.
是故胜兵先胜而后求战,败兵先战而后求胜。

Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has
been

wownhereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterwards looks for victory.
善用兵者,修道而保法,故能为胜败之政。

The consummate leader cultivates the moral la

w and strictly adheres to method and disciplin

e thus it is in his power to control success.
兵法:一曰度,二曰量,三曰数,四曰称,五曰胜。

In respect of military method


we have


firstly


Measuremen

t secondly


Estimation of
quantity


thirdly


Calculation


fourthly


Balancing of chances


fifthly


Victory.
地生度,度生量,量生数,数生称,称生胜。

Measurement owes its existence to Ear

thEstimation of quantity to Measuremen

t Calculation
to Estimation of quantity


Balancing of chances to Calculatio

n and Victory to Balancing of
chances.
故胜兵若以镒称铢,败兵若以铢称镒。

A victorious army opposed to a routed on

e is as a pound's weight placed in the scale
against a single grain.
称胜者之战民也,若决积水于千仞之溪者,形也。

The onrush of a conquering force is like the bursting of pent-up waters into a chasm a
thousand fathoms deep.
兵势第五

V.

Energy
孙子曰:凡治众如治寡,分数是也;

Sun Tzu said


The control of a large force is the
same principle as the control of a few m

en it is merely a question of dividing up their
numbers.
斗众如斗寡,形名是也;

Fighting with a large army under your command is nowise different from fighting with a small
one


it is merely a question of instituting signs and signals.
三军之众,可使必受敌而无败者,奇正是也;

To ensure that your whole host may withstand the brunt of the enemy's attack and remain
unshak

en


this
is effected by maneuvers direct and indirect.
兵之所加,如以碬投卵者,虚实是也。

That the impact of your army may be like a grindstone dashed against an egg
——

this is
effected by the science of weak points and strong.
凡战者,以正合,以奇胜。

In all fighting


the direct method may be used for joining batt

le but indirect methods


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will be needed in order to secure victory.
故善出奇者,无穷如天地,不竭如江海。终而复始,日月是也。死而更生,四时是也。

Indirect tactics


efficiently applied


are inexhaustible as Heaven and Ear

th unending as
the flow of rivers and streams


like the sun and moon


they end but to begin anew


like the
four season

s they pass away to return once more.
声不过五,五声之变,不可胜听也;

There are not more than five musical not

esyet the combinations of these five give rise to
more melodies than can ever be heard.
色不过五,五色之变,不可胜观也;

There are not more than five primary color

s blue


yellow


red


white


and black
),

yet
in combination they produce more hues than can ever been seen.
味不过五,五味之变,不可胜尝也;

There are not more than five cardinal taste

s sour


acrid


salt


sweet


bitter
),

yet
combinations of them yield more flavors than can ever be tasted.
战势不过奇正,奇正之变,不可胜穷也。

In battle


there are not more than two methods of attac

k

the direct and the indirect


yet these two in combination give rise to an endless series of maneuvers.
奇正相生,如循环之无端,孰能穷之哉!

The direct and the indirect lead on to each other in turn. It is like moving in a circ

le

you never come to an end. Who can exhaust the possibilities of their combinatio

n
激水之疾,至于漂石者,势也;

The onset of troops is like the rush of a torrent which will even roll stones along in its
course.
鸷鸟之疾,至于毁折者,节也。

The quality of decision is like the well-timed swoop of a falcon which enables it to strike
and destroy its victim.
故善战者,其势险,其节短。

Therefore the good fighter will be terrible in his ons

et and prompt in his decision.
势如
扩弩,节如发机。

Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbo

w decision


to the releasing of a
trigger.
纷纷纭纭,斗乱而不可乱;浑浑沌沌,形圆而不可败。

Amid the turmoil and tumult of battle


there may be seeming disorder and yet no real
disorder at

all amid confusion and chao

s your array may be without head or ta

il yet it will
be proof against defeat.
乱生于治,怯生于勇,弱生于强。

Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline


simulated fear postulates courage


simulated weakness postulates strength.
治乱,数也;勇怯,势也;强弱,形也。

Hiding order beneath the cloak of disorder is simply a question of subdivision


concealing
courage under a show of timidity presupposes a fund of latent energ

y masking strength with
weakness is to be effected by tactical dispositions.
故善动敌者,形之,敌必从之;予之,敌必取之。

Thus one who is skillful at keeping the enemy on the move maintains deceitful appearance

s
according to which the enemy will act. He sacrifices somethin

g that the enemy may snatch at it.
以利动之,以卒待之。

By holding out baits


he keeps him on the marc

h then with a body of picked men he lies in
wait for him.
故善战者,求之于势,不责于人故能择人而任势。

The clever combatant looks to the effect of combined ener

gyand does not require too much
from individuals. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize combined energy.
任势者,其战人也,如转木石。木石之性,安则静,危则动,方则止,圆则行。

When he utilizes combined energ

y his fighting men become as it were like unto rolling logs
or stones. For it is the nature of a log or stone to remain motionless on level ground


and to
move when on a slope


if four-cornered


to come to a standsti

ll but if round- shaped


to go
rolling down.
故善战人之势,如转圆石于千仞之山者,势也。

Thus the energy developed by good fighting men is as the momentum of a round stone rolled


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down a mountain thousands of feet in height. So much on the subject of energy.
虚实第六

VI.

Weak Points and Strong
孙子曰:凡先处战地而待敌者佚,后处战地而趋战者劳。

Sun Tzu said


Whoever is first in the field and awaits the coming of the enem

y will be
fresh for the fight


whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive
exhausted.
故善战者,致人而不致于人。

Therefore the clever combatant imposes his will on the enemy


but does not allow the
enemy's will to be imposed on him.
能使敌人自至者,利之也;能使敌人不得至者,害之也。

By holding out advantages to him


he can cause the enemy to approach of his own acc

ordor


by inflicting damage


he can make it impossible for the enemy to draw near.
故敌佚能劳之,饱能饥之,安能动之。

If the enemy is taking his eas

e he can harass him


if well supplied with food


he can
starve him ou

t if quietly encamped


he can force him to move.
出其所必趋,趋其所不意。

Appear at points which the enemy must hasten to defend


march swiftly to places where you are
not expected.
行千里而不劳者,行于无人之地也;

An army may march great distances without distre

ss if it marches through country where the
enemy is not.
攻而必取者,攻其所不守也。守而必固者,守其所必攻也。

You can be sure of succeeding in your attacks if you only attack places which are
undefended. You can ensure the safety of your defense if you only hold positions that cannot be
attacked.
故善攻者,敌不知其所守;善守者,敌不知其所攻。

Hence that general is skillful in attack whose opponent does not know what to defen

d and
he is skillful in defense whose opponent does not know what to attack.
微乎微乎,至于无形;神乎神乎,至于无声,故能为敌之司命。

O divine art of subtlety and secrecy


Through you we learn to be invisible


through you
inaudible


and hence we can hold the enemy's fate in our hands.
进而不可御者,冲其虚也;退而不可追者,速而不可及也。

You may advance and be absolutely irresistibl

e if you make for the enemy's weak points


you may retire and be safe from pursuit if your movements are more rapid than those of the
enemy.
故我欲战,敌虽高垒深沟,不得不与我战者,攻其所必救也;

If we wish to fight


the enemy can be forced to an engagement even though he be sheltered
behind a high rampart and a deep ditch. All we need do is attack some other place that he will
be obliged to relieve.
我不欲战,虽画地而守之,敌不得与我战者,乖其所之也。

If we do not wish to fight


we can prevent the enemy from engaging us even though the
lines of our encampment be merely traced out on the ground. All we need do is to throw something
odd and unaccountable in his way.
故形人而我无形,则我专而敌分。

By discovering the enemy's dispositions and remaining invisible ourselves


we can keep our
forces concentrated


while the enemy's must be divided.
我专为一,敌分为十,是以十攻其一也。

We can form a single united body


while the enemy must split up into fractions. Hence there
will be a whole pitted against separate parts of a who

le which means that we shall be many to
the enemy's few.
则我众敌寡,能以众击寡者,则吾之所与战者约矣。

And if we are able thus to attack an inferior force with a superior o

ne our opponents will
be in dire straits.
吾所与战之地不可知,不可知则敌所备者多,敌所备者多,则吾所与战者寡矣。

The spot where we intend to fight must not be made know

nfor then the enemy will have to
prepare against a



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possible attack at several different poin

ts and his forces being thus distributed in many
direction

s the numbers we shall have to face at any given
则无所不寡。

point will be proportionately few.
故备前则后寡,备后则前寡,备左则右寡,备右则左寡,无所不备,

should he strengthen his
he
For should the enemy strengthen his va

n he will weaken
rea

r should he
will
his rear


weaken his van


should he strengthen his le

ft
strengthen his righ

t
he will weaken his right


weaken his left. If he sends reinforcements everywhe

re he
he
will everywhere be weak.
寡者,备人者也;众者,使人备己者也。

Numerical weaknesscomes from having to prepareagainst possible attacks


numerical
from
strength


compelling our adversary to make these preparations against us.
故知战之地,知战之日,则可千里而会战;

Knowing the place and the time of the coming batt

le we may concentrate from the greatest
distances in order to fight.
不知战之地,不知战日,则左不能救右,右不能救左,前不能救后, 后不能救前,而况远者数十里,

近者数里
乎!

But if neither time nor place be known


then the left wing will be impotent to succor the
right


the right equally impotent to succor the lef

t the van unable to relieve the rea

r or
the rear to support the van. How much more so if the furthest portions of the army are anything
under a hundred LI apart


and even the nearestare separated by several L

I
以吾度之,越人之兵虽多,亦奚益于胜哉!故曰:胜可为也。

Though according to my estimate the soldiers of Yueh exceed our own in num

berthat shall
advantage them nothing in the matter of victory. I say then that victory can be achieved.
敌虽众,可使无斗。故策之而知得失之计,

Though the enemy be stronger in numbe

rs we may prevent him from fighting. Scheme so as to
discover his plans and the likelihood of their success.
候之而知动静之理,形之而知死生之地,

Rouse him


and learn the principle of his activity or inactivity. Force him to reveal
himse

lf so as to find out his vulnerable spots.
角之而知有余不足之处。

Carefully compare the opposing army with your ow

n so that you may know where strength is
superabundant and where it is deficient.
故形兵之极,至于无形。无形则深间不能窥,智者不能谋。

In making tactical dispositions


the highest pitch you can attain is to conceal them


conceal your dispositions


and you will be safe from the prying of the subtlest spies


from
the machinations of the wisest brains.
因形而措胜于众,众不能知。

How victory may be produced for them out of the enemy's own tactics
——

that is what the
multitude cannot comprehend.
人皆知我所以胜之形,而莫知吾所以制胜之形。

All men can see the tactics whereby I conque

r but what none can see is the strategy out of
which victory is evolved.
故其战胜不复,而应形于无穷。

Do not repeat the tactics which have gained you one victo

ry but let your methods be
regulated by the infinite variety of circumstances.
夫兵形象水,水之行避高而趋下,

Military tactics are like unto water


for water in its natural course runs away from high
places and hastens downwards.
兵之形避实而击虚;

So in war


the way is to avoid what is strong and to strike at what is weak.
水因地而制流,
兵因敌而制胜。

Water shapes its course according to the nature of the ground over which it flow

s the
soldier works out his victory in relation to the foe whom he is facing.
故兵无常势,水无常形。

Therefore


just as water retains no constant sha

pe so in warfare there are no constant


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conditions.
能因敌变化而取胜者,谓之神。

He who can modify his tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winnin

g
may be called a heaven-born captain.
故五行无常胜,四时无常位,日有短长,月有死生。

The five elements


water


fire


wood


metal


earth


are not always equally
predominan

t the four seasons make way for each other in turn. There are short days and lo

ng
the moon has its periods of waning and waxing.
军争第七

VII.

M
aneuvering
孙子曰:凡用兵之法,将受命于君,

Sun Tzu said


In war


the general receives his commands from the sovereign.
合军聚众,交和
而舍,

Having collected an army and concentrated his force

s he must blend and harmonize the
different elements thereof before pitching his camp.
莫难于军争。军争之难者,以迂为直,以患为利。

After that


comes tactical maneuverin

g than which there is nothing more difficult. The
difficulty of tactical maneuvering consists in turning the devious into the dire

ct and
misfortune into gain.
故迂其途,而诱之以利,后人发,先人至,此知迂直之计者也。

Thus


to take a long and circuitous rout

e after enticing the enemy out of the wa

y and
though starting after him


to contrive to reach the goal before him


shows knowledge of the
artifice of deviation.
军争为利,军争为危。

Maneuvering with an army is advantageou

s with an undisciplined multitude


most dangerous.
举军而争利则不及,委军而争利则辎重捐。

If you set a fully equipped army in march in order to snatch an advanta

gethe chances are that
you will be too
late. On the other han

d to detach a flying column for the purpose involves the sacrifice of its
baggage and stores.
是故卷甲而趋,日夜不处,倍道兼行,百里而争利,则擒三将军,

Thus


if you order your men to roll up their buff-coats


and make forced marches without
halting day or night


covering double the usual distance at a stret

ch doing a hundred LI in
order to wrest an advantag

e the leaders of all your three divisions will fall into the hands of
the enemy.
劲者先,疲者后,其法十一而至;

The stronger men will be in front


the jaded ones will fall behind


and on this plan only
one- tenth of your army will reach its destination.
五十里而争利,则蹶上将军,其法半至;

If you march fifty LI in order to outmaneuver the enem

y you will lose the leader of your
first division


and only half your force will reach the goal.
三十里而争利,则三分之二至。

If you march thirty LI with the same objec

t two-thirds of your army will arrive.
是故军无辎
重则亡,无粮食则亡,无委积则亡。

We may take it then that an army without its baggage-train is lo

stwithout provisions it is
lost


without bases of supply it is lost.
故不知诸侯之谋者,不能豫交;

We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors.

知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者,不能行军;

We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the
country
——

its mountains and forest

s its pitfalls and precipice

s its marshes and swamps.
不用乡导者,不能得地利。

We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides.
故兵以诈立,以利动,

In war


practice dissimulation


and you will succeed.

header是什么-natural是什么意思


header是什么-natural是什么意思


header是什么-natural是什么意思


header是什么-natural是什么意思


header是什么-natural是什么意思


header是什么-natural是什么意思


header是什么-natural是什么意思


header是什么-natural是什么意思



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