actor是什么意思英语专四9-50 Dictation听力原文

2021年1月19日发(作者：批准文号)
Dictation
听力原文

9. Albert Einstein
Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
Germany
in
1879,
His
father
owned
a
factory
that
made
electrical
devices. His mother enjoyed music and books.
His parents were Jewish but they did not observe
many of the religion
’
s rules. Albert was a quite child who spent much of his time alone.
He was
slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave
him
a
compass. The child
was
filled
with wonder when
he
discovered
that the compass
needle
always pointed in the same direction
—
to be north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused
the
needle
to
move.
Their
answers
about
magnetism
and
gravity
were
difficult
for
the
boy
to
understand.
Y
et
he
spent
a
lot
of
time
thinking
about
them.
He
said
later
that
he
felt something
hidden had to be behind things.
Useful expressions and words:
1.

device
装置，设备

leave to one
’
s own devices
听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事

She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.
她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。

2. compass
指南针

ism
磁力


10. Private Cars
With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford
a car. Y
et opinions of the development of a private car vary from person to person.
It gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility. The owner of a car is no longer forced to
reply on public transport, and hence no irritation caused by waiting for buses or taxis.
However,
others strongly object to developing private cars. They maintain that as more and more cars are
produced and run in the street, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off,
polluting the
atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health of people.
Whether
private
cars
should
be
developed
in
Chicago
is
a
difficult
question
to
answer,
yet
the
desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be eliminated.

11. A Henpecked Husband and His Wife
There was
once
a
large, fat woman who
had
a
small,
thin
husband.
He
had
a
job
in
a
big
company
and was
given
his
weekly
wages
every Friday
evening.
As
soon
as
he
got
home
on
Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back
only enough to buy his lunch in his company every day.
One day, the small man came home very excited.
He hurried into the living-room. His wife
was listening to the radio and eating chocolates there.
“
Y
ou will never guess what happened to me to day, dear.
”
he said.
He waited for a few seconds and then added,
“
I won ten thousand dollars on the lottery!
”

“
That
is wonderful!
”
said
his wife
delightedly.
But
then she
pulled
a
long
face
and
added
angrily,
“
But how could you afford to buy the ticket?
”


Useful Words and Expressions:
1.

henpecked
怕老婆的，妻管严的

2.

lottery
彩票

a great lottery
虚无缥缈的事

3.

pull a long face
拉下脸来

have a face to say that
脸皮厚得竟能讲出这种话


12. A

Y
oung Man
’
s Promise
One day, a young man was writing a letter to his girlfriend who lived just a few miles away in
a nearby town. He was telling her how much he loved her and how wonderful he thought she was.
The
more
he wrote
the
more
poetic
he
became.
Finally
he
said
that
in
order
to
be
with
her,
he
would
suffer
the
greatest
difficulties,
he
would
face
the
greatest
dangers
that
anyone
couldn
’
t
imagine.
In
fact,
to spend
only
one
minute with
her,
he would
swim
across the widest
river,
he
would enter the deepest forest, and he would fight against the fiercest animals with his bare hands.
He finished the letter, signed his
name and then suddenly remembered that he had forgotten
to mention something quite important. So, in a postscript below his name, he added:
“
By the way,
I’
ll be over to see you on Wednesday night, if it doesn
’
t rain.
”


13. A Kind Neighbor
Mr. and Mrs. Jones
’
apartment was full of luggage, packages, furniture and boxes. Both of them
were
very
busy when
they
heard
the
doorbell
ring.
Mrs.
Jones went
to
open
it
and
she
saw
a
middle-aged lady outside. The lady said she lived next door. Mrs. Jones invited her to come in and
apologized because there was no place for her to sit.
“
Oh, that
’
s OK.
”
said the lady.
“
I just come to
welcome to your new home. As you know, in some parts of this city, neighbors are not friendly at
all. They are some apartment houses where people don
’
t know any of their neighbors, not even the
ones next door. But in this
building, everyone is very friendly with everyone else.
We are a big
happy family. I am sure you will be very happy here.
”
Mr. and Mrs. Jones said,
“
But madam, we
are
not
new
dwellers
in
this
apartment.
We
’
ve
lived
here
for
two
years.
We
are
moving
out
tomorrow.
”

14. That Isn
’
t Our Fault
Mr.
and
Mrs.
Williams
got
married
when
he
was
twenty-three,
and
she
was
twenty.
Twenty-five years later, they had a big party, and a photographer came and took some photographs
of them.
Then
the
photographer
gave
Mrs.
Williams
a
card
and
said,
“
They
’
ll
be
ready
next
Wednesday. Y
ou can get them from studio.
”

“
No,
”
Mrs. Williams said,
“
please send them to us.
”

The photographs arrived a week later, but Mrs. Williams was not happy when she saw them.
She got into her car and drove to the photographer
’
s studio. She went inside and said angrily,
“
Y
ou
took some photographs of me and my husband last week, but
I’
m not going to pay for them.
”

“
Oh, why not?
”
the photographer asked.
“
Because my husband looks like a monkey,
”
Mrs. Williams said.
“
Well,
”
the photographer answered,
“
that
isn’
t our fault. Why didn
’
t you think of that before
you married him?
”

15. A Guide
’
s Answer
In
1861,
the
Civil
War
started
in
the
United
States
between
the
Northern
and
the
Southern
states. The war continued with great bitterness until 1865, when the Northerners were victorious.
However,
even
today,
many
Southerners
have
not
forgotten
their
defeat,
or
forgiven
the
Northerners.
A
few years ago, a party of American tourists were going round one of the battlefields of the
Civil War with a guide who came from one of the Southern states. At each place, the guide told the
tourists
stirring
stories
about
how
a
few
Southern
soldiers
had
conquered
powerful
forc
es
of
Northerners there.
At
last, one of the tourists, a lady who came from the North, stopped the guide and said to
him,
“
But surely that the Northern army must have won at least one victory in the Civil War?
”

“
Not as long as
I’
m the guide here, madam,
”
answered the Southern guide.


16. A Qualified Pilot
The captain of a small ship had to go along a rocky coast, but he was unfamiliar with it, so he
tried to find a qualified pilot to guide him. He went ashore in one of the small ports, and a local
fisherman pretended that he was a pilot because he needed some money. The captain took him on
board and asked him where to steer the ship.
After half an hour, the captain began to suspect that the fisherman did not really know what
he was doing and where he was going.
“
Are you sure you are a qualified pilot?
”
he asked.
“
Oh, yes,
”
answered the fisherman.
“
I know every rock on this part of the coast.
”

Suddenly there was a terrible crash from
under the ship. At once the fisherman added,
“
And
that
’
s one of them.
”

17. Living Things React
Y
ou and all organisms live an environment.
An
environment
is made up of everything that
surrounds an organism. It can include the air, the water, the soil, and even other organisms.
An
organism
responds
to
changes
in
its
environment.
When
an
organism
responds
to
a
change, it reacts in certain ways. All living things respond in some way.
Have
you
ever
noticed
how
plants
and
insects
respond
to
light?
Plants
bend
toward
light.
Insects fly toward light.
Living things also respond in other ways. The leaves on some trees respond to a change in
season.
In
autumn,
they change colors
and
then fall
off
the
branches
Animals
also
respond
to
a
change in season. Squirrels save nuts for the winter. Bears sleep through the winter in a cave.
Y
ou respond to your environment in many ways, too.
Y
ou may shiver if you are cold.
What
other ways do you respond to changes in your environment?

18. Flowering Plants
What are the parts of a flower?
Flowers can have male parts and female parts. The female parts make eggs that become seeds.
The male parts make pollen. Pollen is a powdery material that is needed by the eggs to make seeds.
To make seeds, pollen and eggs must come together.
The wind, insects, and birds bring pollen to
eggs. Many animals love flowers
’
bright colors. They also like a sugary
liquid in flowers. This is
called nectar. While they drink nectar, pollen rubs off on their bodies. As they move, some of this
pollen gets delivered to the female flower parts.
Over time, the female parts turn into fruits that contain seeds. Animals often eat the fruits and
the seeds pass through their bodies as waste. The animals do no know they are working for the
plants by planting seeds as they travel to different places!
1.

2.

3.

4.

Useful words and Expressions:
flowering
开花的

pollen
花粉

powdery
粉状的

sugar
含糖的，甜的

5.

nectar
花蜜，甘露

6.

rub
磨擦

19. Finding the Direction and Location
How can you tell which direction? By day, look for the Sun. It is in the east in the morning
and
the west
in
the
afternoon.
At
night,
use
the
Big
Dipper
to
help
you
find
the
North
Star.
It
would be better to bring a compass because its needle always points north.
How do you know how far you have gone?
Y
ou could count every step.
Each step is about
two feet. Y
ou
’
d better wear a pedometer which is a tool that counts steps. If you know where you
started, which direction you are heading, and how far you have gone, you can use a good map to
figure out exactly where you are.
Today there is a new way for travelers to figure out where they are. It is the GPS. It has 24
satellites that orbit the earth and constantly broadcast their positions. Someday you may carry a
small receiver as you hike and use GPS to find out if you are there yet!
Useful Words and Expressions:
1.

dipper
北斗七星

2.

compass
罗盘

3.

4.

5.

6.

pedometer
步数计

GPS= Global Position System
全球定位系统

orbit
轨道，绕……轨道而行

receiver
接收器

20. Waves
How
does
light
get
from
the
sun
to
the
earth?
How
does
music
get from
the
stage
to
the
audience? They move the same way----- in waves!
Light and sound are forms of energy
. All waves carry energy, but they may carry it differently.
Light and sound travel through different kinds of matter. For example, light waves cannot move
through walls,
but sound
waves can.
That
is why
you can
hear
people
talking
in
another
room
even
though
you
cannot
see
them.
The
energy
of
some
waves
is
destructive.
An
earthquake
produces seismic waves.
Catch a wave. Ask a friend to stand a few feet away from you. Stretch a spring between you.
Shake
the
spring
to
transfer
energy to
it.
What
happens?
The spring
bounces
up
and
down
in
waves. When the waves reach your friend, they bounce back to you!
Light
waves
travel
300,000
kilometers
(186,000
miles)
per
second!
They
can
also
travel
through a vacuum. That is why light from the sun and distant stars can travel through space to the
earth!
Useful Words and Expressions;
1.

destructive
破坏的

2.

seismic
地震的

3.

vacuum
真空

21. Soils
There
are
many
different
kinds
of
soils.
Different
soils
have
different
types
of
rock
and
minerals in them.
Some soils have more water in them than others.
Some soils might have more
plant and animal material in them, too.
Different kinds of soils are found in different parts of the world. There are several kinds of
soils found in the United States. In some areas, the soil has a lot of clay. Other soils are very sandy
.
Loam is a kind of soil that has a good mixture of clay and sand.
In some places, soil layers are very thick. Lots of plants grow in places with a thick soil layer.
In dry and windy places soil layers are much thinner. Layers of soil on mountains are thin because
gravity pulls the soil downhill.

The type of soil in a particular place affects what kinds of plants can grow there.
Useful Words:
1.

clay
黏土，泥土

2.

loam
肥土

3.

layer
层

4.

gravity
地心引力，重力

5.

downhill
往下

22. Crisis
Life is a contest! Who will win?
A
bluebird and sparrow both compete for space to build their
nests. A
fast- growing maple tree and slower-growing dogwood compete for the sunlight they both
need. Oil competes with coal and nuclear power as an energy source for electric power plants!
There
is
a
problem.
There
is
a
limited
amount
of
space
for
birds,
sunlight
for
trees,
and
energy for people! If we do not cut back on our uses of some of our resources, someday they will
be gone!
How can we use energy today and know we will have enough to go around in the future? We
can
choose
alternate,
or
replacement,
energy
resources.
It
takes
the
earth
millions
of
years
to
create coal, oil, and gas. They are nonrenewable resources.
Solar
energy,
wind
energy
and
water
energy
are
renewable
resources.
It
takes
the
earth
millions of years to create coal, oil, and gas. They are nonrenewable resources.
Solar energy, wind energy and water energy are renewable. What other ways can we conserve
our sources? How can we make sure there is always enough to go around?
Useful words and expressions:
1.

bluebird
蓝知更鸟

2.

sparrow
麻雀

3.

dogwood
山茱萸

4.

power plant
发电厂，发电站

5.

alternate
替换物

6.

nonrenewable resources
不可再生资源

7.

conserve
保存，保藏

23. America
’
s Worst Surprise
December 7, 1941 was one of the worst days in American history. Nearly all Americans who
are old enough to remember that day can still remember what they were doing at the moment they
heard
“
the news
”
. The news was that America had been attacked!
Shortly
before
2:00
P
.M.,
a radio
dispatch
came
into
Washington
from
Honolulu,
Hawaii.
“
Air
Raid,
Pearl
Harbor
—

This
is
no
drill.
”

Japanese
planes
had
begun
an
attack
on
the
largest
American
military
base
in
the
Pacific.
They
first
destroyed
planes
on
the
ground.
Then
they
bombed the ships in the harbor.
No one had expected the attack. So no one was prepared for it.
And it did not take long for
Japanese to do their damage. When the smoke cleared, the Navy counted its losses. Eighteen ships
had
been
sunk
or
badly
damaged.
Nearly
150
planes
had
been
destroyed.
More
than
2,400
Americans had been killed and more than 1,200 wounded.
Useful Words and Expressions:
1.

dispatch
派遣，急件

2.

air raid
空袭

3.

drill
军事训练，操练

4.

Pearl Harbor
珍珠港

24. Great Depression in the U.S.
In
1929,
the
bills
started
to
come
in.
American
industry
had
produced
too
many
goods.
Americans could not afford to buy all of them. So factories had to cut down on their production.
Many workers lost their jobs. Investors tried to get their money back. But businesses did not have
enough money to pay them. Banks tried to get their money back from investors. But the investors
could not pay, either. Too many people owed money. And few of them could pay their bills.

During
the
next
few
years,
business
got
worse
and
worse.
By
1932,
banks
all
over
the
country were closing.
People
without
money
could
not
buy
goods.
So
more
businesses
closed.
More
and
more
people lost their jobs. By 1932, more than 12 million Americans were jobless. Millions more were
earning
barely
enough
to
live
on.
The
country
was
in
a
great
depression
they
had
never
experienced before.
Useful Words and Expressions:
1.

bill
帐单，票据

foot the bill
付账，负责

2.

cut down on
减少

3.

depression
沮丧，萧条

Great Depression
大萧条

25. A Place of Our Own
We
are
all
usually
very
careful
when
we
buy
something
for
the
house.
Why?
Because we
have to live with it for a long time. We paint a room to make it brighter, so we choose the colors
carefully.
We buy new curtains in order to match the newly decorated room, so they must be the right
color. We move the furniture round so as to make more space
—
or we buy new furniture
—
and so
on. It is an endless business.
Rich or poor, we take time to furnish a room. Perhaps some people buy furniture in order to
impress
their
friends.
But
most
of
us
just want
to
enjoy
our surroundings.
We want
to
live
as
comfortably as we can afford to. We spend a large part of our lives at home.
We want to make a
small corner in the world which we can recognize as our own.

26. T
ravel for Work
Y
ou can see them in every airport in the world. They are businessmen and women who have
to travel for their work.
When
they
first
applied
for
the
job,
they may
have
thought
of
good
food
and
hotels,
huge
expense
accounts
and
fashionable
cities.
Now
they
have
to
sit
in
airport
lounges,
tired
and
uncomfortable in their smart clothes, listening to the loudspeaker
announce
“
The fight of Tokyo,
or Berlin, or New Y
ork is delayed for another two hours.
”
Some people say to me,
“
How lucky
you
are
to
be
able
to
travel
abroad
in
your
work!
Y
ou
can
go sightseeing
without
paying
any
money by yourself!
”
They think that my job is like a continual holiday. It is not.
There are advantages, of course, and I do thin I am lucky, but only because I can go to places
I would never visit if I was a tourist.


27. Intelligence
Are
some
people
born
clever,
and
others
born stupid?
Or
is
intelligence
developed
by
our
environment and our experience?
Strangely
enough,
the
answer
to
these
questions
is
yes.
To
some
extent
our
intelligence
is
given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with
low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in
a boring environment will develop his
intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus, the limits of a person
’
s
intelligence
are
fixed
at
birth,
whether
or
not
he
reaches
those
limits
will
depend
on
his
environment. This view, held by most experts now, can be supported in a number of ways. As is
easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood
relationship between two people is, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.

28. A Free Dress Every Week
The temptation to steal is greater than ever before especially in large shops and people are not
so honest as they once were.
A
detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on
Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman
came
in,
so
it was
easier
for the
detective
to
watch
her.
The woman first
bought
a
few small
articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it
to
an
assistant who wrapped
it
up
for
her
as
quickly
as
possible.
The
woman simply
took
the
parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out
that the shop assistant was her daughter. Believe it or not, the girl
“gave”
her mother a free dress
every week!
29. Time
Time
is
tangible.
One
can
gain
time, spend
time, waste
time,
save
time,
or
even
kill
time.
Common
questions
in
American
English
reveal
this
concrete
quality
as
though
time
were
a
possession.
“
Do you have any time?
”
,
“
Can you get some time for this?
”
,
“
How much free time do
you have?
”
The treatment of time as a possession influences the way that time is carefully divided.
Generally, Americans are taught to do one thing at a time and may be uncomfortable when an
activity is interrupted. In businesses, the careful scheduling of time and the separation of activities
are common practices. Appointment calendars are printed with 15-,30-, and 60-minute time slots.
The idea that
“
there is a time and place for everything
”
extends to American social
life.
Visitors
who drop by without prior notice may interrupt their host
’
s personal time. Thus, calling friends on
the telephone before visiting them is generally preferred to visitors
’
dropping by.
Useful words and expressions:
1.

tangible
切实的

2.

3.

4.

5.

kill time
消磨时间

reveal
显示，揭示

scheduling
行程安排

slot
缝隙

6.

drop by
随便访问

7.

preferred
首选的

30. Cartoonists
In a good cartoon, the artist can tell in a few lines as much as a writer can tell in half a dozen
paragraphs. The cartoonist not only tells a story but he also tries to persuade the reader to his way
of
thinking.
He
has
great
influence
on
public
opinion.
In
a
political
campaign,
he
plays
an
important part. Controversial issues in Congress or at meetings of the United Nations may keep
the cartoonist well-supplied with current materials.
A
clever cartoonist may cause laughter
because he often uses humor in his drawings.
If he is
sketching
a
famous
person,
he
takes
a
prominent
feature
and
exaggerates
it.
Cartoonists,
for
instance,
like
to
lengthen
an
already
long
nose
and
to
widen
an
already
broad
grin.
This
exaggeration of a person
’
s characteristics is called caricature. The artist uses such exaggeration to
put his message across.
Useful Words and Expressions:
1.

cartoonist
漫画家

2.

campaign
活动

3.

4.

5.

6.

controversial
争论的，争议的

sketch
素描

prominent
卓越的

exaggerate
夸张

7.

lengthen
延长

8.

grin
露齿笑

31. Water Pollution
Water is very important to us. Factories and plants need water for industrial uses and large
pieces of farmland need it for irrigation. Without water to drink, people die in a short time.
Today most water sources are so dirty that people must purify water before drinking. Water
becomes dirty in many ways: industrial pollution is one of them. With the development of industry,
plants and factories pour tons of industrial wasters into rivers every day. The rivers have become
seriously polluted, and the water is becoming unfit for drinking or irrigation. The same thing has
also happened to our seas and oceans. So, the problem of water pollution is almost worldwide.
Scientists of many countries have done a lot of work to stop pollution.
The polluted water in
some places has become clean and drinkable again. Perhaps one day the people in all towns and
cities will be drinking clean water. That day, we believe, is not very far off.

32. Making a Complaint
Complaining
about
faulty
goods
or
bad services
is
never
easy
.
But
if
something
you
have
brought is faulty or does not do what was claimed for it, you are not asking for a favor to get it put
right.
Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought