死亡大学大学英语精读预备级课文翻译(详细)学习资料

2021年1月19日发(作者：冀朝鼎)
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第一单元


如何成为一个成功的语言学习者


TEXT
A




How
can
you
learn
a
foreign
language
well?
According
to
the
author
of
this
te
xt,
you
might
need
to
think
in
a
new
way,
a
process
almost
like
going
back
to
chil
dhood
again…
< br>如何学好一门外语？根据这篇文章的作者，
你也许需要用一种新的方式去思考，
这一过< br>程几乎像是再次回到童年。
。
。


Learning to Think All Over Again
学会重新思考


When you were a child,
you
didn’t
know what a tree was at first.
Somebody had to t
ell you.
Probably your parents took you outside,
pointed to a tree and
said,
”Tree!”
Yo
u had to learn to associate the sound of the word
“

Tree”
with the big green leafy thing yo
u saw in front of you.
当你还是个孩子的时候，
起初你并不知道树是什么，
得有人告诉你。
也许你的父母带 你
到外面，指着一棵树说，
“
树！
”
你得学会将
“
树
”
这个词的音跟你眼前那个高大的绿色的长满叶
子的东西联系起来。


That’s
what you must learn to do again when you are learning a foreign language.
Y
ou need to learn to associate sounds with objects,
and to think in a new way.
Only this ti
me, since you are grown up,
you will be able to understand what needs to be done muc
h faster.
You’ll
know why somebody is pointing to a tree and saying a strange word.
Yo
u may even have to relearn it many times before you finally actually learn it.
这是你在学习外 语是必须再次学会做的事。
你得学会将声音和事物联系起来，
用一种新
的方式思考。只 是这一次，因为你已经长大，
所以能够更快地去理解需要做的事。
你会知道
为什么有人 指着一棵树，
说着奇怪的单词。
但是你仍然得学习那个新单词。
说不定还得重复
学习多遍才能最终真正的掌握它。


There is an important idea here.
In America our name for that big green leafy thing i
s
”tree”,
but
in Germany the name for that thing is
“Baum”.
In
Arab countries the name i
s
“shajra”.
And
in China they
say
”shu”.
These
various words are not
themselves
“tree
s”.
They
are just some of the many hundreds of different sounds used in the world to rep
resent that great big green leafy thing.
这里有一个重要的概念。
在美国我们称那个高大的绿色的长满叶子的东西为
tree
，
但是
在德国那东 西叫
Baum
。在阿拉伯国家，它的名字是
shajra
。在中国，我们称它 为
shu
。这
些各式各样的词本身并不是树。
它们只是世界各地用来代表那个 高大的绿色的长满叶子的东
西的几百种声音中的几个。


To learn a foreign language you must get away from the idea of translating words.
Tr
anslating takes too much time and mental energy.
You will never learn to really speak an
d understand a foreign language if you have to translate in your mind.
Instead,
learn
to
associate
the
new
sound
directly
with
the
image
in
your
mind.
So when we hear the
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sound
”Baum”
or
”shajra”
or
”shu”,
we

don’t
want to
think,
”Hmmmm.
Baum
means t
ree,
which means that great big green leafy
thing.”
< br>要学习外语，
你必须摆脱逐词翻译的想法。
翻译会消耗太多的时间和脑力。
如果 你字字
都得翻译，
那你永远也学不会真正地说和理解一门外语。
相反，
你得学 会将新的声音和头脑
中的形象直接联系起来。
这样当我们听见
Baum
，
shajra
，或
shu
等音时，就不会去想
“
嗯，
Baum
的意思是树，树指的是哪个高大的绿色的长满叶子的东西。
”


Don’t
think that the challenge of new thinking will be limited only to the area of new w
ords it is going to go much deeper than
that.
Let’s
use an analogy:
you can build a hous
e using materials of very different sizes and shapes.
English uses one set of building blo
cks,
but other languages will use different-shaped building blocks that take some creativit
y to put together at first . Where we use two blocks,
they may use three smaller ones
—
o
r maybe one large one.
别以为学习用新的方式思考的挑战仅限于新词：
它涵盖的范围要广得多。
让我们打一个
比方，
你能用不同大小和形状的材料造一栋房 子。
英语使用一套构成要素，
但其他语言可能
使用不同的构成要素，起初还得用一些创 造力才能将它们拼起来。我们使用两个构成要素，
而别人也许使用三个较小的
——
也可 能是一个大的。


Here an example of an English sentence:
We have to buy a few books before goin
g home. When translating into almost any foreign language, you will not take each Englis
h word and substitute a foreign word for it .You will instead be substituting groups of word
s or ideas from one language to the other.
How each language will choose to group the i
deas depends on the language.
In French or Spanish,
for example,
we have to buy is br
oken down into three words:
we/have to /buy .In Turkish,
however,
the Turks are to redu
ce all these four words to only one.
以一个英语句子为例：
We
have
to
buy
a
few
books
before
going
home.不论将它
翻译成哪种外语，
你都不会取出每个单词然后逐个地用外语单词去替代。
相反你会用成组的
词语或者思想从一种语言替代成另外一种语言。至于每种语言如何选择词来表达某个概 念，
各种语言不尽相同。比如，在法语和西班牙语中，
we
have
to
buy
被分成三个词：
we
/ha
ve
to
/buy.
而在土耳其语中，土耳其人能将所有这四个词缩减成一个。


So learn to start thinking in terms of bundles of concepts or ideas that will be convert
ed to new language and not single words.
Try to think in a foreign language.
This
isn’t
al
l that hard.
You learn to think in the language simply by using the language over and ove
r again,
asking and answering simple questions until you
feel comfortable with the practi
ce.
Then
you
add
some
new
words,
and
a
few
more
new
situations,
and
practice u
sing them together with all the words you learned in previous lessons.
Bit by bit you buil
d up skill.
所以学者开始以成组的词的概念或思想 去思考，
这些概念或思想能转换成新的语言而非
单个词语。
尝试用外语去思考。
这并不那么难。要学会用哪种语言去思考，
你只需一遍又一
遍地使用它，
问并回答简 单的问题，
直到你对这一过程感到得心应手为止。
然后添加一些新
的词汇和几个新的情 景，
练习用在以前课中学习的所有单词来使用它们。
渐渐地，
你就会掌
握这项 技能。


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Once
you
really
get
into
the
language,
you’ll
understand
all
this
a
good
deal
b
etter.
Somebody
will
be
saying
something
quite
fast
a
nd
you’ll
suddenly
realize
that
you
understood
it
all!
It's
a
great
moment.
Really
satisfying.
You
probably
wouldn't
be
able
to
repeat
the
words,
or
even
know
how
it
was
that
you
understood
it
all.
But
it's
a
sign
that
the
language
is
starting
to
sink
into
your
mind.
You're
beginning

to
understand
without
translating.
一旦你真正投入的学习这门语言，你就会更深刻的领会这一切。有人讲什么讲得很快，
而你会突 然意识到你都能听懂！
那是一个美妙的时刻。
真的让人心满意足。
也许你还不能重复那些词，
甚至还搞不清不是如何全听懂的。
但这表明了那种语言已经开始渗入你的头脑中 。
你已经开始不需要翻译就能理解了。



































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第二单元


父母


TEXT
A




The
author
sees
a
father
and
a
son
riding
an
airport
shuttle
train
for
fun,
leadi
ng
him
to
reflect
on
the
upbringing
of
children
today
作者看到一对父子以乘坐机场区间车为乐，由此使他反省了当代的孩子教育问题。


A
father,
a
son
and
an
answer
父亲、儿子和答案


Passing through the Atlanta airport one morning, I caught one of those trains that take
travelers from the main terminal to their boarding gates. Free, the trains run back and forth
all day long. Not many people consider them fun, but on this Saturday I heard laughter.
一天早晨经过去亚特兰大机场，
我 赶上一辆列车载着旅客从主航站楼抵达登机口。
这类
免费列车，每天长时间的来来往往，没有人 觉得他有趣，但这个周六我却听到了笑声。


At the front of the first car
–
looking out the window at the track that lay ahead
–
were
a man and his son. We had just stopped to let off passengers, and the doors wee closing
again. “Here we go!

Hold on to me tight!” the father said. The boy, about five years old,
made sounds of pure delight.


在头节 车厢的最前面，
坐着一个男人和他的儿子。
他们正透过窗户观赏着一直往前延伸
的轨道 。我们刚刚停下来让旅客下车，之后，车门再次关上了。
“
出发。拉紧我
!”
父亲说。儿
子大约
5
岁吧，一路喜不自禁。




I know we’re supposed to avoid making racial distinction
s these days, so I hope no
one will mind if I mention that most people on the train were white, dressed for business
trips or vacations
–
and that the father and son were black, dressed in clothes that were
just about as inexpensive as you can buy.
我知道如今我们应该 避免种族歧视，
所以我希望我这样描述没人介意。
车上坐的大部分
是衣冠楚楚，或公差 或度假的白人，只有这对父子是的黑人并穿着朴素简单。




“Look out there!” the father said to his son. “See that pilot? I bet he’s walking to his
plane.” The son stretched his neck to look.

“
快看
!”
父亲对儿子说：
“
看见那 位飞行员了吗
?
我敢打赌他是去开飞机的。
”
儿子伸长脖子
看。

As I got
off, I remembered something I’d wanted to buy in the terminal. I was early for
my flight, so I decided to go back.
下了车后我突然想起还得在主航站楼买点东西。
离起飞时间还早，
于是我决定再乘车回
去。


I did, and just as I was about to reboard the train for my gate, I saw that the man and
his son ha
d returned too. I realized then that they hadn’t been heading for a flight, but had
just bee riding the shuttle.
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正准备上车的时候，
我看 到那对父子也回来了。
那时我意识到他们不是来乘飞机的，
而
是特意来坐区间列车的。




“You
want
to
go
home
now?”
the
father
asked/

“
你想要回家了吗
”
父亲问道


“I want to ride some more!”

“
我还想再坐一会儿
!”


“More?” the
father said,
pretending
to
be annoyed
but clearly pleased. “You’re
not
tired?”

“
再坐一会儿
!”
父亲假装很生气，单明 显很高兴的说，
“
你还不累
?”


“This is fun!” his son said.

“
真好玩
!”
儿子说。


“All right,” the father replied, and when a door opened we all got on.

“
好吧，
”
父亲说。车门开了，我们都上了车。


There are parents who can afford to send their children to Europe or Disneyland, and
the children turn out rotten. There are parents who live in million-dollar houses and give
their children cars and swimming pools, yet something goes wrong. Rich and poor, black
and white, so much goes wrong so often.
我们很多父母有能力送孩子去欧洲，
去迪斯尼乐园，
可孩子还是堕落了。
很多父母住豪
华别墅，孩子有车有游泳池，可孩子 还是学坏了。富人、穷人，黑人、白人，那么多人都轻
易学坏了。


“Where are all these people going, Daddy?” the son asked.

“
爸爸，这些人去哪
?”
儿子问。


“All over the world,” came the rep
ly. The other people in the air port were leaving for
distant destinations or arriving at the ends of their journeys. The father and son, though,
were just riding this shuttle together, making it exciting, sharing each other’s company.

“
世界各地。
”
父亲回答。机场来来往往的人流或准备远行，或刚刚归来。这对父子 却在
乘坐区间列车，非常兴奋的享受着批次的陪伴。


So many troubles in this country
–
crime, the lack of purpose that seems to be taking
over the lives of many young people, the lowering of educational standards, the increase
in bad language, the disappearance of simple good manner. So many questions about
what to do. Here was a father who cared about spending the day with his son and who
had come up with this plan on a Saturday morning.


我们正面临许多问题：犯罪、越来越多的 年轻人变得冷漠无情、文化水平下降、粗话大
幅增加、起码的礼貌丧失，等等。我们有那么多的问题要处 理。而这里。这位父亲却很在意
花上一天陪伴儿子，并在这样一个星期六的早上，提出这个计划。

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The
answer
is
so
simple:
parents
who
care
enough
to
spend
time,
and
to
pay
attention and to try their best. It doesn’t cost a cent, yet it is the most valuable thing in the
world.
其实答案很简单：父母愿意花 时间，愿意关注，愿意尽心尽职。这不要花一分钱，可这
却是世间无价之宝。








The
train
picked
up
speed,
and
the
father
pointed
something
out,
and
the
boy
laughed again, and the answer is so simple.
火车加速了。父亲指着窗外说着什么，儿子直乐。是的，答案就是这么简单。



































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第三单元


儿童教育


TEXT
A




A
teacher’s
praise
and
encourage
may
influence
a
child
greatly,
Let’
s
find
out
how
the
teacher
in
this
story
helped
her
student…

教师的赞扬和鼓励可能会对一个孩子产生重大影响。
让我 们看看这个故事中的教师是如
何帮助学生的。


We’re All Here to Learn

我们都是来这儿学习的


“Sixteen,” I said. I have forgotten the math question my second? grade
teacher, Joyce
Cooper, asked that day, but I will never forget my answer. As soon as the number left my
mouth, the whole class at Smallwood Elementary School in Norfolk, Va, started laughing. I
felt like the stupidest person in the world. < br>我说：
“16
。
”
我已经不记得我二年级老师乔伊斯
·
库珀那天问的是什么算术问题，可我永
远不会忘记我的回答。
那数字一脱口而出，
弗 吉尼亚州诺福克市斯莫尔伍德小学的全班同学
就开始大笑。我觉得我是世界上最愚蠢的人。


Mrs. Cooper fixed
them with a severe look. Then she said, “We’re all here to learn.”

乔伊斯
·
库珀夫人用严厉的目光凝视着他们，
然后 说：
“
我们全都是为了学习而来这儿的。
”


Another time, Mrs. Cooper asked us to write a report about what we hoped to do with
our lives. I wrote, “I want to be a teacher like Mrs. Cooper.”

还有一次，
库珀夫人要我们写一篇关于我们希望今后做什么的作文 。
我写道：
“
我要成为
像库珀夫人那样的教师。
”


She
wrote
on
my
report,
“You
would
make
a
n
outstanding
teacher
because
you
are determined
and you try hard.” I was to carry those words in my heart for the next 27
years.
她在我的作业上写道：
“
你会成为一个杰出的教师，
因为你有决心并且非常努力。
”
之后的
27
年里，我心中一直牢牢铭记着她的 这些话。


After
I
graduated
from
high
school
in
1976,
I
married
a
wonderful
man,
Ben,
a mechanic. Before long, Latonya was born.
1976
年我从中学毕业后，跟一个叫本的出色的男人结了婚。他是个机械师。不 久，我
生下了拉托尼娅。



We needed every dime just to get by. College and teaching was out of the question
为了维持生计，我们需要每一角钱，上大学和教书是不可能的。


.I did, however, wind up with a job in a school --as a janitor
’s
assistant. I cleaned 17
classrooms at Larrymore Element
ary School each day, including Mrs. Cooper’s. She had
transferred to Larrymore after Smallwood closed down.
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