hammer是什么意思英文修辞手法及例句

2021年1月19日发(作者：cof是什么)
英语修辞手法

12
级商务英语
1
班

高腾

学号
2
1)
Simile
：
(
明喻）
It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having
at
least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and
like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a
thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比
.
这种共性存在于人 们的心里
,
而不是事物的自然属性
.
标志词常用

like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as
等
.
his dream he saw the tiny figure fall as a fly
在他的梦中他看见那小小的人影像苍蝇一般地落了
下来。







































————《英语文摘》
2015-2




比喻形象生动，把人影比作苍蝇突出其渺小。

2.
The old man
’
s hair is as white as snow.
老人的头发雪白。———
The Washington Post

2)

Metaphor
：
(
暗喻）
It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike
a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.
隐喻是简缩了的明喻
,< br>是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物
,
通过比较形成
.
1.
Life is an isthmus between two eternities.
生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道

































































——《
21 century
》
2014-3
2.I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.
我有力气
,
他们就用我的力气赚钱
.






















































————《英语文摘》
2015-2



这 里用肌肉代指力气，肌肉的功能也就是出力气，直接用肌肉来代表则用了暗喻手法，加强表达效果。



3
）
Personification
: (
拟人）
It gives human form of feelings
to animals, or life and personal attributes to
inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions . For example, the wind whistled through the trees.

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物
.


sun smiled down on the green meadows

太阳向着绿茵茵的草地俯首微笑




























































————《
natural science
》
2015-1

ancient wilderness dreamed, stretched itself all open to the sun,and seemed to sigh with
immeasurable content.






































————《
GUARDIAN
》

古老的荒野做着梦
,
直挺挺地躺在太阳下
,
好像无限满足地叹了口气。

给荒野以人格 ，通过对荒野的描写展现出当时的情景，给人感同身受的感觉，也让画面更形象具体。

the house was cold
，
closed
，
and unfriendly.
可是那房子冷漠无情，门窗紧闭，一点也不友好。





























































————《英语文摘》
2015-3
4)

Hyperbole:
(
夸张）：
It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.
For instance, he almost died laughing.
夸张是 以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的
.
它可以加强语势
,
增加表达效果
..
1.I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.
我对于成功极度地渴望，每当听到我获 得成功的消息，我都高兴得快疯了。————《英语文摘》
2015-2
2.1 want to crash you in my arms and cover you with all my kisses

我要拥你入怀，吻遍你。



































































————《
LETTER
》

“< br>crash
”和“
cover
”这两个动词用得如此精彩和顶极
,将小伙子对爱人炽热真切的爱情渲泄得尽善尽美
,

5
）
Euphemism
: (
委婉）

It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(
无冒犯
) expression for one
that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to



婉辞法指用委婉
,
文雅的方法表达粗恶
,
避讳的话


anything happened to me, please take care of my wife and children.


























































————《英语学习报》
2015.5



























如果我有个三长两短的话，请照看我 的妻子和小孩。这里的
anything
可以指“不幸”，甚至“死亡”是委
婉的修辞 格



2.
用
sanitation engineer
替代
garbage man(
清洁工
)
3.
用
the disadvantaged
替代
the poor(
穷人
)
4.
用
industrial action
替代
strike(
罢工
)
——《网络》


6
）
Metonymy
(
转喻）

It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one
thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物
,
而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称
.
the war was over
，
he laid down the sword and took up the pen.

战争结束后，他弃戎从文
































































————《
economist
》

mes the pen maybe mightier than the sword.
有时文人比武士更有力量。
































































————《
economist
》


messenger was not long in returning, followed by a pair of heavy boot that came bumping
along the passage like boxes.
送信人不久就回来了
,
后面跟着一个穿着笨重鞭子的人
,
在过道里走得咯噔咯噔乱响
,
像滚动的箱子
一样。
























































————
《
Reader’s Digest
》


此例中

a pair of heavy boot (
一双笨重的靴子
)
属于
Metonymy
译文加词为
“一个穿着笨重靴子的人”

baby was brought up on the bottle.
这个婴儿是喝牛奶或羊奶长大的。————《
dope
》


7
）
Synecdoche
(
提喻）

It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part.
For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.


提喻用部分代替全体
,
或用全体代替部分
,
或特殊代替一般

1. Many hand,make light woke.

局部代替整体
,
用
hands
表示干活的人

————《
economist
》

2..The fox goes very well with your cap.

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配
.
————《
Reader’s Digest
》

was reported that China won the volleyball match.
椐报载：在这次排球赛中，中国队赢了。







































































————《
21 century
》

（以国家名称
China
代该国球队
the Chinese Volleyball Team
）



8
）
Pun:
(
双关语）

It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance,
a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here
weapons carried by a soldier.)

双关就是用一 个词在句子中的双重含义
,
借题发挥
.
作出多种解释
,
旁敲 侧击
,
从而达到意想不到的幽默
.
滑稽
效果
.
它主 要以相似的词形
.
词意和谐音的方式出现
.
your every hello a real good-buy.


让你的每地声“哈”都真的物有所值。































































————《
Nature Magazine
》

must all hang together, or we shall hang separately.



我们必须紧密地团结在一起
,
否则我们将被一个个地绞死。











————《
Reader
’
s Digest
》

do lawyers do when they die? Lie still

律师死了干啥
?
身子动弹不得
,
嘴上撒谎依旧。
































































————《英语文摘》
2014-9
原文通过谐音 使用一种称为
Pun
的修辞格
,
构造出“一语双关”的艺术意境。谐音之妙< br>,
顿生诙谐幽默。要
传达出原作的这种美学效果
,
必须进行创造性翻译 。译文以汉语“对隅”辞格变通对译“

Lie still
”

,
通过转
换辞格
,
前后对照
,
使双重含义泾渭分明
,
从而使原文的妙处“失之东隅
,
收之桑榆”。


9
）
Irony:
(
反语）

It is a figure of speech
that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is
meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are
lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.

Irony
的含义比汉语的反语广泛。它包括
verbal irony, dramatic irony, situational irony
。也是正话反 说，
反话正说，一般需借助于特定的上下文和语境才能被正确理解。在多数情况下，
irony
可以译成汉语的反
语。


talked about great people as if she had the fee-simple of May fair, and when the court went into
mourning, she always wore black.



























————《英语文学周报》
2015-1
她一开口就是某某勋爵某某大人，那口气竟 好象她生来就是贵族。宫里有了丧事，她没有一回不穿孝。




house detective
’
s piggy eyes surveyed her scornfully from his gross jeweled face.































































————《英语文学周报》
2015-2

探长用他 那双夹在面部隆起的肉堆中的猪眼睛轻蔑地将她上下打量了一番。用反语修辞格讽刺意味浓厚，




















































































































Bible,
xperts who come hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the
jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as part of a divine plan.




























































————《读者文摘》
2014-3
“《圣经》，”他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“ 是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们赶出这个法
庭的。这些专家们来到这里的目的是想证明主张 人类祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创
造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法，是并行不 悖的。”

4.
“

If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarettes, don' t listen..... they' re probably trying