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2021年1月19日发(作者：寒噤)







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Passage Two


Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.


If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized
training.
A
recent
survey
shows
that
companies
like
graduates
in
such
fields
as
business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job
training.


That
’
s
especially
true
of
booming
fields
that
are
challenging
for
workers.
At
Cornell
’
s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor
’
s degree graduates
get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to
the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially,
like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.


But in the long run, too much specialization doesn
’
t pay off. Business, which has
been
flooded
with
MBAs,
no
longer
considers
the
degree
an
automatic
stamp
of
approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the
impact of a degree washes out after five years.


As
further
evidence
of
the
erosion
(
销蚀
)
of
corporate
(
公司的
)
faith
in
specialized
degrees,
Michigan
State
’
s
Scheetz
cites
a
pattern
in
corporate
hiring
practices, although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek
out generalists for middle and upper-level management.
“
They want someone who
isn
’
t constrained (
限制
) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,
“
says Scheetz.


This
sounds
suspiciously
like
a
formal
statement
that
you
approve
of
the
liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents
that
liberal- arts
majors
are
assumed
to
have:
writing
and
communication
skills,
organizational skills, open- mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and
solve
problems,
David
Birch
claims
he
does
not
hire
anybody
with
an
MBA
or
an
engineering
degree,
“
I
hire
only
liberal-arts
people
because
they
have
a
less-than-canned
way
of
doing
things,
”

says
Birch.
Liberal-arts
means
an
academically
thorough
and
strict
program
that
includes
literature,
history,
mathematics, economics, science, human behavior
—
plus
a computer course or two.
With
that
under
your
belt,
you
can
feel
free
to
specialize,
“
A
liberal-arts
degree
coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in
the marketplace,
”

says Scheetz.


26. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?


A) Students with a bachelor
’
s degree in humanities.


B) People with an MBA degree front top universities.


C) People with formal schooling plus work experience.


D) People with special training in engineering.(C)


27. By saying
“
... but the impact of a degree washes out after five years
”

(Line
3, Para, 3), the author means ________.


A) most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation


B) an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions








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C) MBA programs will not be as popular in five years
’

time as they are now


D) in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got(B)


28.
According
to
Scheetz
’
s
statement
(Lines
4-5.
Para.
4),
companies
prefer
________.


A) people who have a strategic mind


B) people who are talented in fine arts


C) people who are ambitious and aggressive


D) people who have received training in mechanics(A)


29. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ________.


A) they are more capable of handling changing situations


B) they can stick to established ways of solving problems


C) they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields


D) they have attended special programs in management(A)


30. Which of the following statements does the author support?


A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.


B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.


C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.
D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.(D)


这篇文章讲的是何种专业在人才市场上更 受青睐的问题。
到底什么样的人才更
受青睐呢
?
文章实际上讲了两个观点，前 两段论述了第一个观点，即“专家”更
受青睐
;
后面的三段又提出了与此相反的观点，
“杂家”更受青睐。观点之所以不
同，是因为它们的前提条件不同。



先来看第一个观点。第一句可以说开宗明义：
the best route to a job is to get
specialized training
，最好的办法 是练就专业技能。而后作者提出了论据——最近
一项调查结果显示，商务类和医疗保健类的毕业生很受公 司青睐
(companies
like
graduates in such fields as business and health care)
。



下一段举出了更多的例子。
That
’
s especially true of booming fields
，这里的
fields
应该和第一段 的
fields
所指相同，都是指学生的专业。急速发展的领域更
是炙手可热，一个酒 店管理学院的本科毕业生平均可以接到五到六个职位邀请
(get an average of four or five job offers)
，同时有大量的升职机会。



接下来，
作者笔锋一转，
提出了一个反面观点，
too much specialization doesn
’
t
pay
off(pay
off
词组指“得到回报”
)
。而观点不同的关键在于条件，第二个观
点是
in the long run
，即从长远来看。作者首先以商务领域为例，指出MBA
过剩
使得这一学历不再是职业通行证
(no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp
of approval)
。



下一段介绍了密歇根州的
Sc heetz
的说法，继续支持第二个观点。
Scheetz
认为，尽管现在的公司在招 新人时依然倾向于招收“专家”
(tend
to
take
on
specialists as new hires)
，但在中上层管理职位上更倾向于“杂家”
(generalists for
middle
and
upper-level
management)
。原因是专家的眼光局限于具体细节，考试
.
大难以从大局考虑
(const rained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture)
。



如果这篇材料是写给高中生们的，那么最后一段可以算是大学专业报考指
南。
This
sounds
suspiciously
like
a
formal
statement
that
you
approve
of
the
liberal-arts gradua te
：
这似乎是在正面肯定文科毕业生。
那么文科生有什么优势呢
?