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half是什么意思英语翻译考试

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2021-01-19 09:03
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洛杉矶湖人英文-half是什么意思

2021年1月19日发(作者:抄送英文)
单选有六十分,
一般多是短句,
重点看短句翻译。
给英语选出正确的汉语翻译
(二
选一)

20
分;习语翻译(二选一)

20
分;颜色词翻译(二选一)

10
分;九
中修辞(四选一)

10
分,掌握各种修辞的英文名称,或许会有让你选择此句子
采用了何种修辞的题目 。




整段翻译,
40
分,在翻译时最好不要 隔句翻译,
遇到不会的根据上下文语境可猜出来,
即使不对也要写,
这样得分会比隔句 翻译
高。

In all or most of our dealings with other states, the Charter will be our
guiding star.
【译文】
在处理我国与其他国家之间的全部或大部分事 务时,
宪章将成为我们的
指路明灯。

【解析】“dealings”是名词 ,虽然汉译时没改变“对待,处理”的词意,却改
变了词性,把名词译成了动词。

He stole her a watch.
A.
他给她偷了一块表。


【解析】答案
A.

watch
”既有“手表”又有“看,凝视”的意思
,
和“
steal

搭配成“
steal sb. sth.
”意思是“为某人偷窃某物”


steal one

s things
”是
“偷窃某人的东西”

“偷 看某人一眼”
,英语应是“
steal a glance





2

That girl student is in the green.

B.
那个女生正值青春年少。


【解析】答案
B.

be in the green


译为“处于青春期;血气方刚”
,去掉
其中的冠词“
the

,写成“
be in green
”这样才是“身着绿装”
。英语中像这样
的词汇很多,比如“
be in the red

“负债”


be in the black

“盈利”


be
in the pink

“身体健康”等等。


3

He tried to seem angry, but his smile betrayed him.




A.
他装出生气的样子,可是笑容暴露了他的真实情感。



【解析】答案
A.
这句话的关背键是对“
betrayed
”的理 解,

betray
”本意
是“叛”
,常可以搭配“背叛事业,背叛 祖国,背叛人民”
,而这里的意思是指背
叛“
angry


“情感”
,所以就可译成“暴露了他的真实情感”
,合情合理,符
合汉语表达习惯< br>,
合情合理。


4

Science is a servant of mankind.



D.
科学造福于人类。

【解析】答案
D.

servant
”意为“仆人,奴隶,工具”
,可理解为“服务”
“造
福”
,科学可 改变人类,优化环境,丰富生活,给人类带来许多好处,


造福于
人类”



In an odd way the two leaders diminished each other.



D.
奇怪的是
,
这两位领袖站在一起,都不如原来的形象


那么伟大了。

【解析】答案
D.

dimi nish
”是使彼此无意识地形成感觉,如果这两位领导人
(丘吉尔
Churchil l
和罗斯福
Roosevelt
)在一起就用一种奇怪的方式来“贬低”
“ 排挤”对方,则
令人费解,也不是领导、领袖的作风。



4

He pretends to be as modest as anything.
【译文】他装得极为谦虚。

【解析】

as modest as anything


是形容词比较结构。


5

We should find truth in the light of science.
【译文】根据科学,探求真理。

【解析】

in the light of


是“根据;按照”



1

Any literate person on the face of the globe is deprived if he does
not know English.
【译文】世界上任何有文化的人,如果不懂英语就算不上个真正的文化人。

【解析】

be deprived of
”是“剥夺某人享有或使用某事 物的权利”
,若译作
“地球上任何有文化的人,如果不懂英语将被剥夺”
,让人感到莫 名其妙,不明
白到底在说什么,因此要补全它的搭配省略部分。


2

She is forty, if she is a day.
【译文】她至少
40
岁了。

【解析】

if she is a day
”对主语肯定,语气较强,表示“确实”

“肯定”之意。


3

The housewife is not at home to visitors.
【译文】家庭主妇不接待客人。

【解析】不能译为“家庭主妇不在家,去看客人了”


at
home
to
visitors


意思是“
ready to receive visitors


“在家接待客人”
,
如:
Mrs Hill is not at
home to anyone except close relatives(
希尔夫人不会客,但近亲除外
)



6

Beyond
the
light
of
the
fire
everything
was
swallowed
up
the
blackness of darkness.

























(Mark Twain: Adventures of Tom Sawyer)
【译文】在火光照不到的地方,一切都被吞没在夜的黑暗之中。

【解析】

the blackness of darkness
”是意义相同的词重复强调。


1

It

s no legend. My father knew the two men involved.
【译文】这可不是瞎说。那两个与本案有关的人我父亲都认识。

【解析】英语分词作后置定语,汉译成前置定语。


2

They are to send a government trade delegation to China.
【译文】他们将派一个政府贸易代表团到中国来。

【解析】名词词组→汉译成前置定语,英汉一致。


3

The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in mechanization.
【译文】农业的根本出路在于机械化。

【解析】介词短语→汉译成前置定语。


4

She was happiness incarnate.
【译文】她是幸福的化身。

【解析】形容词“
incarnate
”用作后置定语,汉译成名词,作中心词,抽象名
词“
happiness
”译作前置定语。


1

He left today week.
【译文】她上星期的今天离开了。

【解析】

today week
”是“
a week from today

,
这是个表 示时间的惯用语,
具体的词义依照句中时态判断来翻译,在此句中译作“上星期的今天”


2

He will leave today week.
【译文】他将在下星期的今天离开。

【解析】

today week
”在此句中译作“下星期的今天”



3

It isn

t half hot today.
【译文】今天热得很。

【解析】

not half
”置于形容词前表示“非常;很”
,以此

来加强语气。



【译文】我非常愿意来。

【解析】副词“
only
”与“
too,
just,
n ot
”等副词连用,构成固定讲法,用在
形容词、副词之前加强语气,起强调作用。


5

I

m nothing of a scholar.
【译文】我不识字。

【解析】

nothing
of
”相当于一个副词短语作状语,表示“根本不”
,而

something
of
”作状语,表示“有点”
,比如:
Mr
Li
is
something
of
a
philosopher.
(李先生略有哲学家的风度)



6

Bunyan was sent to school for a short time, where he learned to read
and
write
after
a
fashion.


Wu
Weiren:
History
and
Anthology
of
English Literature





【译文】班扬上学少,学习也不怎么好。




【解析】

after a fashion
”短语作状语,意思是“
not very good




1

This attitude has been described as anything from a

merciful loss
of memory


to

escapist therapy

.
【译文 】人们对这种态度议论纷纷,有的说是“好心的遗忘”
,有的说是“逃避
现实的疗法”


【解析】英语简单句→汉语联合复句
.

2

His
superior
grades
at
high
school
enabled
him
to
enroll
at
the
tuition-free Beijing University.
【译文】由于中学成绩优异,他免费上了北京大学。

【解析】英语简单句→汉语偏正复句的因果句
.

3

His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down
in the first convenient shade.
【译文】
她很疲惫,
也 感到越来越热,
于是决定一遇到有阴凉的地方就坐下来休
息。

【解析】英语简单句→汉语偏正复句的因果句
.

1

He doesn

t know what life means to him.
【译文】他不知道人生的意义。

【解析】英语主从复合句→汉语简单句
.

2

What troubles me is that I don

t have much experience in this kind
of work.
【译文】使我苦恼的是我做这种工作经验不多。

【解析】英语主从复合句→汉语简单句
.

3

He was very clean and his mind was open.
【译文】他为人单纯而坦率。

【解析】英语并列句→汉语简单句
.
1

I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and
the cool support of water.
【译文】
和煦的微风吹拂着我的肌肤,
凉爽的 海水托浮着我的身体。
我享受着那
种纯净的飘飘欲仙的感觉。

【解析】从外 到内:肌肤→身体→感觉;微风吹拂→海水托浮→享受;和煦→凉
爽→飘飘欲

仙;感觉→享受→飘飘欲仙,都符合空间发展排列顺序。


1

The young cyclist dashed about madly and was knocked down by
a truck.
【译文】那个骑车的青年横冲直撞,结果被一辆卡车撞倒了。

【解析】
把英 语并列句译成了汉语因果句,
虽然语言顺序一致,
但其结构发生了
变化,前面的“横冲 直撞”是因,后边的“被撞倒”是果。


1

Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift
avarice.
【译文】勇敢过度,即成蛮勇;感情过度,即成溺爱;节约过度,即成贪婪。

【解析 】在“
affection
”和“
thrift
”之后省去了“
in
excess
becomes

,

译根据上下文都补 译出来,
而且译文全都是四字一句,
既符合原文意思,
又合乎
逻辑,结构平行 对称,语言符合习惯。


2

He
turned
to
the
columns
in
which
were
announced
the
births,
deaths, and marriages.
【译文】他转而去看报上登载添丁得女、红白喜事的专栏。

【解析】

the births, deaths, and marriages
”几个词放在一起,很自然地给
人一个情景,汉语增译成“添丁得女、红白喜事”
,既 忠实于原文意思,又符合
汉语习惯,表达十分地道。


3

He stands on the threshold of a distinguished career.
【译文】他前程似锦。

【解析】汉语“前程似锦”正好符合英语“
stands
on
the

threshold
of
a
distinguished career

所表达的意思,
这样译,
既简练又不违背英语原文之意。

1

The love of money is the root of all evils.
【译文】爱财是万恶之源。

【解析】
the
love
of
money
是兼动名词结构
,
翻译时可改变词类,把英语名词
the love
汉译成动词“爱”
;兼动名词结构汉译成动宾结构“爱财”或“贪财”


2

It

s really worrying that a lot of nonsense which is meant merely
to be for the entertainment of adults becomes accepted as authoritative
by minors.
【译文】< br>这些娱乐成年人的东西,
在未成年人心目中却成了向往追求的东西,

让人担心 。

【解析】

Authoritative
”是形容词“有权威的 ;可相信的”
,却汉译成名词“偶
像权威;追求向往的东西”




3

In all or most of our dealings with other states, the Charter will be
our guiding star.
【译文】
在处理我国与其他国家之间的全部或大部分事务时,< br>宪章将成为我们的
指路明灯。

【解析】

dealings
”是名词,虽然汉译时没改变“对待,处理”的词意,却改
变了词性,把名词译成了动词。
1

He is little of a scholar.
【译文】他没有学者的风度。

2

He is very much of a poet.


【译文】他大有诗人之气派。

3

He

s only not a boy.
【译文】他简直是个孩子。

4

Not
knowing
her
telephone
number,
I
can
not
contact
her
immediately.
【译文】由于不知道她的电话号码,我无法立刻与她联系。

5) Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.
【译文】无知是恐惧的根源,也是敬佩的根源。

6) With all his achievements he remains modest and prudent.
【译文】她虽有很多成就,但还是谦虚谨慎。

7) Everything considered, your essay seems better written.
【译文】如果各方面都考虑到,你的论文似乎会写得更好些。

8) We maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take
into account the legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any
country.
【译文】
我们认为,
如果不尊重一个国家大多数 人民的正当愿望,
任何和平局面
都不会是持久的。

9)
It
would
have
been
of
as
much
avail
to
interrogate
any
stone
face
outside chateau as to interrogate that face of his.
【译文】
从他那张脸上审视不出什么,
正如从 城堡外面任何一张石脸上审视不出
什么一样。

as much

as
在这里相当于
as little


as
,用以衬托否定含义。


10)
Surgeon
that
Fleming
was,
he
did
not
know
penicillin
which
kills
bacteria and germs.
【译文】虽然弗莱明是外科医生,他当时并不知道杀死细菌和病菌的是青霉素。

【解析】英语让步状语从句,从句在前,主句在后,汉语译文和英语结构、意义
一致。

习语

I

m all ears.






“我洗耳恭听”

pull someone

s leg




开玩笑,戏弄某人

to drain the radiator

















上厕所


poke one

s nose into something






某人管闲事

Talk of the devil, and he is sure to appear
“说曹操,曹操到”

a die-hard




死硬派















think tank






思想库

time frame





时间框架










the hot line






热线





paper tiger





纸老虎












armed to the teeth




武装到牙齿

comfort woman
慰安妇












to burn one

s boats



破釜沉舟

to fan the flame(s)



煽风点火





to turn a deaf ear to

充耳不闻

to have a well-oiled tongue
油腔滑调



































a gentleman

s agreement
君子协定

an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth



以眼还眼,以牙还牙

Practice makes perfect.







熟能生巧。

Example is better than precept.



身教胜于言传。

Long absent, soon forgotten.



久别情疏。

Add fuel to the fire.






火上加油。

Run with the tail between the legs.




夹着尾巴逃跑。

Mark made signs with his hands and moved his mouth soundlessly to
show that walls have ears.

马克打着手势,又努努嘴,以示隔墙有耳。

Mary and John were bellowing and shouting enough to wake the dead.

玛丽和约翰大声吼叫,足以把死人吵醒。

castle in the air
“空中楼阁”

go through fire and water





赴汤蹈火

to laugh off one

s head








笑掉牙齿

to praise to the skies






捧上天去

the apple of the to eye






掌上明珠

Walls have ears.







隔墙有耳。

Life is but an empty dream.



人生如梦。

Give him an inch and he

ll take an ell.




得寸进尺。

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.



情人眼里出西施。

He spent money like water.



他花钱跟流水似地。

An idle youth

a needy age.



少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

While there is life, there is hope.


留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。

The trouble is you

re too good-natured and people take advantage of it.
All lay load on the willing horse. You will have to learn to refuse people
who ask too much.
问题是你人太好,反被人欺,所谓“人善被人欺,马善 被人骑”
,对于那些要求
过分的人要学会说“不”


beltway connections

华盛顿政界的各种关系(
Beltway
原指华盛顿市的道路环线)

byzantine foreign policy




让人捉摸不透的外交政策

to cross the Rubicon


做出(采取)无可后悔的决定(行动)
;破釜沉舟

the Gordian knot











戈尔迪之结(棘手的问题或艰巨的任务)

the heel of Achilles







阿基里斯的脚跟(惟一致命的

弱点)

to meet one

s Waterloo






遭到惨败;败走麦城

skeleton in the cupboard

closet











家丑

the sword of Damacles
the touch of Midas






悬挂在达摩克利斯头顶上的剑
(临头的危险)

















点石成金

the Trojan horse




特洛伊木马
(内部颠覆者,
起内部破坏作用的人或事物
)
to take French leave

















不辞而别;擅自行动

to pull the wool over one

s eyes









掩人耳目

to open Pandora

s box
打开潘多拉盒子
(引起疾病、
罪恶、
疯狂等各种祸患)

to beat about (around) the bush
















拐弯抹角

to break the ice




























打破沉默

to dog-ear a book



























折书角

to hold one

s horse
























忍耐

to know the rope



























内行

a fish out of water

























好不自在

Call a spade a spade.























有啥说啥;直言不讳

From the egg to the apple.



















自始至终

At breakfast, eat like a king.

















早饭吃饱。

At lunch, eat like a prince.

















中饭吃好。

At supper, eat like a pauper.


















晚饭吃少。

Rolling stone gathers no moss.










滚石不生苔(搬家不聚财)


under the counter (table)























鬼鬼祟祟

Beyond the mountains there are people to be found.

山外有山
,
天外有天。

2)A book is known in time of need.













书到用时方恨少
.
3)Cry for the moon.
























海底捞月。

4)Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

早睡早起,富裕、聪明、身体好。

5)Even a worm will turn.



















人急造反,狗急跳墙。

6)Feed a cold and starve a fever.










伤风时宜吃,发烧时需饿。

7)Great hopes make a great man.
















宏伟抱负造伟人。

8)He that is down, down with him

















落井下石。

9)He who makes no mistakes makes

nothing.
















不犯错误的人一事无成。

10)Like cures like.





























以毒攻毒。

11)A lion

s skin is never cheap.



















好货不便宜。

12)A fool always rushes to the fore.













愚人总喜强出头。

13)A maid that laughs is half taken.













姑娘露笑脸,
婚事成一半。

14)A ragged coat may cover an honest man.











人穷志不短。

15)There

s many a true word spoken in jest.











笑语之中有真话。

16)It is as well to know which way the wind

blows.





识时务者为俊杰。

17)Knowledge in youth is wisdom in age.















少时有知识,老来有智慧。

18)Life is not all roses.






























人生征途,哪能处处鲜花密布。

19)Life is half spent before we know what it is.













懂得人生时,人生已过半。

20)Gold remain , gold, though it lies in the mud.












即使埋在泥里,黄金还是黄金。

1)baby kisser



为竞选而到处笼络人心的政客

2)backseat driver
因瞎指挥而坏事的人

3)bad sailor

晕船的人

















4)better half
丈夫或妻子

5)blind date
由两人或为两人安排的初次约会

6)bug doctor

精神病医生;心理学专家

7)busy-body

爱管闲事的人













8)carry the torch for sb.
单相思,
痴恋


9)confidence man


骗子















10)dead president




美钞

11)dime store






廉价商店








12)end paper
衬页



鸡皮疙瘩

13)goo goo eyes

秋波,媚眼











14)goose flesh
15)gut cours
易得学分的大学课程








16)happy money
供零花的钱

17)leg show



脱衣舞
















19)night cart

粪车

20)oil burner

破旧的汽车














1)American Beauty



美国四
季开花的蔷薇

2)China policy
对华政策














3)Dutch courage


酒后之勇

4)Dutch treat

6)French grey

8)Indian meal

各自付钱的聚餐






5)English disease

软骨病

浅灰色














7)French window

落地长窗

玉米粉














9)Robinson Crusoe

孤独的人

满堂喝彩

美国黑人

3)to call somebody names


辱骂
某人

4)to cut somebody dead


假装不

10)uncle dudley
自己
















11)Uncle Sam

美国人


12)Uncle Tom

1)to beat a dead horse

枉费心机

2)to bring down the house


赢得

认识某人

5)to follow like a sheep


盲从

6)to give sb. a box on the ear




8)to make horseplay




胡闹,搞
恶作剧

9)to go fly a kite







滚开

10)to have a fall


被捕

耳光

7)to pull somebody

s leg


开某
人的玩笑


11)to know a thing or two about
sth
精通某事

12)to make a killing





发大财

13)to think a great deal of oneself
过高地估计自己

14)to turn one

s coat
1)pig head





顽固分子

2)pill pusher/sawbones
医生;
毒枭

3)road apple
马粪
(道路上一堆堆的)

4)red tape
官僚主义

5)salt horse





腌牛肉

6)salad days


最幸福的青春岁月

7)see red







大怒,大发雷霆

8)smoke-eater





消防队员

9)snap course




易得高分的大

九种修 辞占
10
分,四选一
(
着重看短句
)
,并且,各种修辞的英 文名称能够认识

歧义
(Ambiguity)


1

I didn

t come because of him.
【译文一】我来并不是由于他的缘故才来。

【译文二】由于他的缘故我没来。



2

We haven

t called the meeting to discuss this problem.
【译文一】我们开会并非为了讨论这个问题。

【译文二】我们没有开会讨论这个问题。



3

We grumbled a little now and then, to be sure.


But there is no
love lost between us.
【译文一】有时我俩也会闹点小别扭什么的,但是我俩毫无爱情。




背叛

学课程

10)straight from the shoulder

接地,坦率地

11)student driver




教练车

12)sweetie-pie /sweet pea
爱人,

13)a leak/ wet

吹牛,闲聊

15)lay an egg






失败


小便

14)throw the bull /talk horse




【译文二】我俩有时也会闹点小别扭什么的,不过我俩还是十分相爱的。


4

Men and women born before 1958 would be excluded entirely; they
would not even be asked to register.

【译文一】
1958
年以前出生的人完全不包括在内,甚至不要求他们注册。

【译文二】
男人和
1958
年以前出生的女人都不包括在内,
甚至不 要求他们注册。


1


He had a book stolen from the library.

【译文一】他让别人从图书馆偷了一本书。

【译文二】他有一本从图书馆偷来的书。

【译文三】他有一本书在图书馆被人偷走了。


2

The operation troubled him.
【译文一】这一手术让他伤脑筋。
(医学)

【译文二】这次军事演习使他烦恼。
(军事)

【译文三】这一运算让他伤脑筋。
(数学)

【译文四】这一操作让他伤脑筋。
(计算机)

双关
(Pun)
She

s too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise, and too little
for a great praise.

























(William Shakespeare: Much Ado About Nothing)
【译文】她太矮,经不起高度的赞扬;皮肤太黝黑,经不起说她白皙的赞扬;个
子太瘦小,经不 起高大的赞扬。

【解析】

low


既表示

“矮”

也表示

“地位低下”
,说人身体矮用“
short


身材高用“
tall
”< br>,这里故意用


high





low


这对反义词,形成对照。

fair
”既表示“白皙”
,也表示“公正”
,这就形成了双关。从字面上看似乎是
在 谈“
she
”她的身材容貌问题,实际上是在说“
she
”的社会地位高低的 问题。


2

If we don

t hang together, we shall hang separately.
【译文一】如果我们不紧密地团结在一起,那就会被一个一个地绞死。

【译文二】如果我们不被集体绞死,那也会被一个一个地绞死。

【解析】这是
Franklin 1776
年在美国独立宣言签字仪式上的讲话。他运 用

hang
”这一同形异义词构成了双关,语音格外生动有力,说明美国各殖民地< br>除了宣布独立以外,无他路可走

Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.

【译文一】明天你来找我,你将会发现我已经是一个严肃的人。

【译文二】明天你来找我,你会发现我已经是一个墓中之人了。
(死了)

【 解析】这是莎士比亚的剧作《罗米欧与朱丽叶》中的人物
Mercutio
在决斗中
负 了致命伤时说的话,表现了他的开朗性格,同时也增加了
Mercutio
之死的悲
剧 色彩。


4
:——
What do lawyers do when they die?










——
Lie still.
【译文一】——律师死后干什么?



















——静静地躺着。

【译文二】——律师死后干什么?



















——仍在撒谎。

【解析】精心选用动词“
lie
”的“居住”和“撒谎”意义,对善说谎言的律师
进行了辛辣而绝妙的讽刺,具有异曲同 工之妙。还如“——
Why are lawyers
all uneasy sleepers?
——
Because they lie first on one side and then on
the other, and remain wide awake all the time.





可理解为


“——为
什么律师都睡不好觉?因为他们一会儿躺在这 边,
一会儿躺在那边,
所以整夜睡
不安宁。






又可理解为“——为什么律师都睡不好觉?因为他们一会儿在
这一方撒谎 ,一会儿在那一方撒谎,所以他们都是提心吊


1
:——
Why do you say the river is rich?









——
Because it has two banks.
【译文】——为什么说这条河很富有?















——因为它有两家银行。
(河岸)


2
:——

What flower does everybody have?









——

Tulips.
【译文】——

人人都有的花该是什么花?















——

郁金香。

【解析】这是因为郁金香“
tulip
”的读音恰巧和人的双唇“
two l ips

tulips

的读音相似,此处正好借用这一发音巧妙造成双关。


3

Once a pretty girl student came to the room for the interview. It was
the first time that she had taken the exam. She was so excited and
nervous during the interview that she left her bag on the desk. When she
came back for it, my colleague, Mr. Smith, handed her the bag.







Thank you very much,


she said.







You are welcome,


Mr. Smith replied, smiling.
【译文】一天,有位漂亮的女学生走进考场。这是她第一次参加口试,在面试中太激动,太紧张了,临走时竞忘了拿包。当她再次回来取包时,我同事史密斯先
生将包递给了她。< br>






“谢谢你。
”那女生说。







“欢迎你再来!


史密斯先生笑着说。

【解析】

You are welcome
”在这里有双重意思,一是“不 客气,不用谢”

二是“欢迎下次再来”
。女学生向史密斯先生表示感谢,是因为他给 她递了包,
而史密斯先生巧用“
You are welcome
”向学生表示客气, 应译为“不客气”

这样才能和“谢谢你”一致,可译为“不客气”
,反倒失去了考官 之本意;同时
向学生开了个玩笑“欢迎你再来”
,让学生也这样理解,两个意思都存在,一语< br>双关。由此可见,这种双关产生的幽默就体现在语境之中。


4

Bruce hit something hard when eating a meat pie. He found that it
was a piece of human nail. He felt annoyed and went to the owner of the
snack bar.

You really surprised me, sir,


he began.


I found something foreign
in the food,


Bruce complained.

What?


the owner looked confused.


We

ve got nothing from other
countries.
【译文】布鲁斯吃肉馅儿饼时,咬到一个硬的 东西,一看是块人的指甲。他很气
愤,马上来到快餐店店主面前。


“这太令人吃惊了,
先生,




他说,
“我在你的馅儿饼里发现异物

something
foreign






布鲁斯表示不满。


“什么?”


店主大惑不解地说,




我们店里没有外国货。


【解析】

foreign”有两个意思,一个是“外国的”
,一个是“异质的”
,即不属
于某个地方的,不 应该在某个地方出现的。店主显然是按第一种意思把

something foreign< br>”理解车成了“外国货”
,而顾客指的是“异物”
。这种用
法在此出现,显得风 趣幽默,滑稽可笑。

矛盾修辞
(Oxymoron)





1

His honour rooted in dishonour stood.









And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.
【译文】他的荣誉生根于不荣誉。















他的不忠诚可靠的忠实使他以真还假。

【解析】
象这 种修辞汉语译文既要表达原文的思想,
又要体现原文的精神和风格,
也确实很难。所以,在具体 译的过程中,能套译的就套译,不能套译的只要不失
原意、不削弱原文的表现力和感染力,可用汉语的其 他修辞方法去译。比如“
a
living death

(
半死不活
)


sweet so rrow

(
喜忧参半
)


terrible pleased

(喜极欲狂)


proud humility

(
不卑不亢
)


cold fire

(火焰如冰)等都是
很好的译例。


2


“——
That time is past,








And all its aching joys are now no more,








And all its dizzy raptures.






(Wordsworth: Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey)
【译文】
“——快乐的时光已成过去,
















这痛苦的喜悦,眩晕的狂欢
















都不复存在。


夸张

(Hyperbole)






1

As for models, she is a girl in a million.
【译文】要是作时装模特的话,她可是百里挑一的好姑娘。

【解析】

in a million


in a th ousand
”直译是“百万里挑一”

“千里挑一”
的意思,可这样译汉语 读者感到很不自然;译为“百里挑一”
,虽然在字面上夸
张的程度是小了点,但语言功能对等, 符合汉语表达习惯,读者自然可以接受。


2

I

ve told you forty times that if you touched that jam I

d skin you.
【译文】你要偷吃果酱,我就剥你的皮。我对你已讲过一百遍了。

【解析】如把“
forty times
”译为“四十遍”
,过于精确,显得 非常虚假,反倒
不能传情达意;这是个模糊概念,读者也明白不是整整一百遍。


3

He had an egglike head, froglike jaws and a grey hairy fringe round
the lower part of his face, the whole combined with a reddish aquiline
nose, two dim narrow eyes and hands that reached a mile out of his
sleeves.
【译文】他长着一个蛋形脑袋,一个青蛙下巴,脸的下部长着一圈灰毛,此 外,
还长着一个发红的鹰钩鼻子,
两只狭小暗淡的眼睛,
两只手露在袖口外老长老长。

【解析】这里借助夸张比喻,活生生地勾画出一幅令人憎恨的丑陋嘴脸。


1

I am greater than the stars for I know that they are up there and they
do not know that I am down here.

【译文】我比星星还伟大。因为我知道星星在天上,而星星却不知道我在地上。

【解 析】用幽默夸张的手法,讽刺了“我”的无知和渺小,强调了“人贵有自知
之明”的道理。

类比
(Analogy)







Men are April when they woo, December when they wed, maids are May
when they maids, but the sky changes when they are wives.















































(William Shakespeare)
【译文】男人在恋爱时犹如和煦的四月,婚后却像寒冬腊月
;
闺中少女则宛若温
暖的五月,而为人妇后却像易变的天气阴晴莫测。



2

Before you reprehend another, take heed you are not culpable in
what you go about to reprehend. He who cleanses a blot with blotted
fingers makes a greater blur. (Quarles )
【译文】
在指责别人之前,
必须注意自己不要犯所要指责的毛病。
用脏手 擦污迹,
只会把污迹弄得更大。


3

Beauty is as summer-fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot
last: and, for the most part, it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little
out of countenance: but yet certainly again, if it light well, it maketh
virtues shine, and vices b1ush.

(Francis Bacon: Of Beauty)

【译文】美者犹如夏日蔬果,易腐难存;要之,年少而美者常无行,年长而美者
不免 面有惭色。
虽然,
但须托体得人,
则德行因美而益彰,
恶行见美而愈愧.(王
佐良译)


4


Full many a gem of purest ray serene.










The dark unfathom

d caves of ocean bear;










Full many a flower is born to blush unseen.










And waste its sweetness on the desert air.































































(Gray)

【译文】许多最纯洁透明闪光的宝石,













埋藏在海洋的莫测的黑暗中;













许多鲜花开出来就无人看见,













它们的芬芳浪费在荒郊野地。

逻辑关系
( Logical Contexts )





1

World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for
throughout his life he avoided publicity.
【正】
他的成就驰名世界,
而他个人却始终默默无闻,
因为他整个一生总是避免
抛头露面。

【解析】这是描写诺贝尔其人的一句话,如果用“无人所知”来翻译前半句更能
客观地反映出诺贝尔的为人,
那么后半句的

publicity


固然有出风头的意思,
但是用来形容诺贝尔则显得有失恭敬。


2

He is an orator, if ever there was one.
【译文】世界上没有演说家则罢了,如有,那就是他。


3

He is seventy, if a day.

【译文】他该有
70
岁了。



【解析】

if a day
”意为“至少有”
“无论如何应该是”
。若译


为“他总有一
天会
70
岁的”就不对了。


4

John got sick, then his brothers and sisters all got sick. It never rains
but pours.
【译文】约翰病倒了,接着弟弟妹妹都病了,真是祸不单行。





5:
——“
What did you say, dear?










——“
I said that I love you and that I can

t wait until you are
mine.


【译文】

——“你说什么来着,亲爱的?”
















——“我说我爱你,巴不得你马上嫁给我。



【解析】如把


I can

t wait until you are mine


译成“要等到你嫁给我的
那一天,我等不及了 ”
,译文用字多,句子长,表达啰嗦,说这话占时间比较长,
长语言和急心情不相配,
“巴不得你马上嫁给我”

利索精练,
符合此时此刻的急
切心情。


1:
A
beautiful
form
is
better
than
a
beautiful

face;
a
beautiful
behavior than a beautiful form.
【译文】形体美胜于容貌美,行为美胜于形体美。

【解析】
如果译成
“美丽的外形胜过美丽的脸蛋,
美丽的行为胜过美丽的外形”
似乎是把脸蛋看成是人体外形以外的部分,
令人费解。
大家都知道,
脸 蛋使人体
外表的一个不可缺少的部分,可见译文在逻辑上不通。正文中的“
form
” 应指

body

,即“形体”
,所以原文应译为“形体美胜于容貌 美,行为美胜于形体
美”则更符合逻辑。



2: They left me at the gate, not easily or lightly; and it was a strange
sight to me to see the cart go on, taking Paggoty away, and leaving me
under the elm tree looking at the house in which there was no face to
look at me with love or liking any more.
【译文】送到门口,我们就分手了,当时的气氛既不凝重,也不轻松。马车拉着< br>帕格迪走了,我站在老榆树下,望着那没有感情,没有爱的房子,很恍惚。

【解析】
他们在门口分手时的情景是

not easily or lig htly


要表达这种感觉,
用了“当时的气氛”来说明那时的心情“既不 凝重,也不轻松”


3: My first quarter at Lowood seemed an age, and

not the golden age
either; it comprised an irksome struggle with difficulties in habituating
myself
to
new
rules
and
unwonted
tasks.
The
fear
of
failure
in
these
points harassed me worse than the physical hardships of my lot, though
these were no trifles.


Charlotte Brontee: Jane Eyre


【译文】我在劳渥德的一个季度似乎有一个时代那么长。而且 还不是黄金时代;
在这个季度里,
我得作令人种种生厌的斗争,
来克服困难。
使自己习惯于新的规
则,习惯于陌生的工作。我一直担心,怕在这方面出什么差错,这可比命中注定要身受艰苦,更叫我苦恼,虽说艰苦也并不是小事。

【解析】从经历上说,
“我 ”在这个季节里→作斗争→克服困难→习惯规则→习
惯工作→担心→怕差错;从感觉上说,
“我 ”感到这个季节似乎长→生厌→担心
→怕→受苦→苦恼→小事;从逻辑关系上说,符合发展规律,合情合 理。


重复

(Repetition)











1

Young men are fitter to invent than to judge,

fitter for execution
than for counsel, fitter for new projects than settled business.
【译文】年轻人善于发明,不善于判断;善于闯干,不善于协商 ;乐于实行新计
划而不愿因循守旧。


2

To me, art seems to deal with a vivacity of seeing and looking. About
noticing.
About
not
taking
things
for
granted.
About
how
we
see
the
world around us.
【译文】对我来说,艺术是在观赏中享受激情活泼。艺术教我注意观察感知。艺
术提醒我不要把事物理所当然。艺术教会我如何领悟周围的世界。


3

I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers. I
remember where a toad may live and what time the birds awaken in the
summer

and what trees and seasons smelled like

how people looked
and walked and smelled even.
【译文】
我记得儿时 给各种小草和隐秘的小花取的名字。
我记得蛤蟆喜欢在什么
地方栖身,鸟雀夏天早晨什么时候醒 来——我还记得各种树木和不同季节特有
的气息——记得人们的形貌、走路的姿势,甚至身上的气味。< br>
【解析】原文有两个“
I remember
”的排比句,译文用了三个排比 ,并加进了
一个
“还”
字。
原文第二句中四个宾话从句也形成排比,
译文也采取了排比形式,
正好和原文对应。
从语法结构上把原文中的两个宾语从句调整为句子,
从整体上
体现了原文的修辞效果;
译文的选词用字浅显易懂,

“< br>grasses

“小草”


live

“栖身”


smell

“气息”等,体现了原文的文体风格和感 情色彩。


4

I didn

t teach because teaching is easy for me


Nor do I teach
because I think I know answers or I have knowledge I feel compelled to
share with others.(=I teach not because

/I teach neither because

)
【译文】我当老师,并不是因为我觉得教书轻松,……

我当老师,也不是因为
我认为自己能够解惑答疑,也不是因为我有满腹学问,非与别人分享不可。

【解析】像这类 “
because
”的原因状语从句,主句谓语为否定时,其实意义上
否定的是原因状 语,
是一种特指否定,
翻译时要从主句谓语否定转移到状语从句
否定,并把状语从句重 复翻译。


1

His mother described him at two as

round and

fat and strong
as a five-year-old.



【译文】母亲描绘他两岁时的情景时说
:
“圆圆胖胖
,
结结实实
,

象个五岁的孩
子”



2

I teach because I like the peace of the academic calendar











I teach because teaching is a profession built on change











I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to
learn my own lessons, to stimulate myself and my students




【译文】我教书,是因为我喜爱校历的步骤。……















我教书,是因为教学是建立在

“变”

这一基础上的职业。……















我教书,是因为我喜欢有让自己犯错误的自由,有自

己吸取教
训的自由,有激励自己和激励学生的自由。……


3

It doesn

t matter what you learn, but once you learn something,
you must never give it up until you have mastered it. It doesn

t matter
what you look into, but once you look into something, you must never
give
it
up
until
you
have
completely
understood
it.
It
doesn

t
matter
what
you
try
to
think
of,
but
once
you
think
of
something,
you
must
never give it up until you have got what you want. It doesn

t matter what
you try to carry out, but once you try to carry out something, you must
never give it up until you have done it completely and well.
【译 文】你学什么都好,一旦起学,必定掌握,决不放弃;你研究什么都行,一
旦开始,必定彻底弄懂,决不 放弃;你想什么都可,一旦思想,必定想通,决不
放弃;你做什么都成,一旦动手,必定完美,决不放弃 。

平行排比
(Parallelism)









1


To spend too much time in studies is




sloth; to use them too
much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules
is the humour of a scholar.

F. Bacon

Of Studies


【译文】读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰大盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

【解析 】培根的散文以结构严谨,对仗工整,尤其以三项式排比著称。王佐良先
生运用相应的三段式格式修辞手 段,不但传其“神”
,而且表其“形”
。译文排比
结构呈现原意,真是绝妙无比。

2

Their
powers
of
conversation
were
considerable.
They
could
describe
an
entertainment
with
accuracy,
relate
an
anecdote
with
humour, and laugh at their acquaintance with spirit.







































(Jane
Prejudice)
【译文】
他们健谈的本领真 是吓人,
描述起宴会来细毫入微,
说讲起故事来风趣
横生,讥笑起朋友来也是有声有色 。

【解析】
“描述起……”

“说讲起……”

“讥笑起……”三个汉语平行结构,在结
构、排列、表达、意义上都和英语合拍一致,把“健谈的本领” 从三个不同的方
面用排比的方法描写证明得令人信服,而且排列整齐,读起来节奏有力。


3


Spring has no speech, nothing but rustling and whispering. Spring
Austen:
Pride
and
has so much more than speech in its unfolding flowers and leaves, and
the coursing of its streams, and in its sweet restless seeking!
【译文】春天没有言语,只有淅飒和低吟。春花怒放,春叶茁发
,
春水奔流
,

天欢腾地、无休止地追逐着,这一切要比语言丰富得多。

【解析】把“< br>unfolding
”分别译为“怒放”
“茁发”
,正好是汉语的“春花怒放,
春叶茁发
,
春水奔流”四字排比结构,读起来铿锵有力.


4

These studies are an impetus to youth, and a delight to age; they
are an adornment to good fortune, refuge and relief in trouble; enrich
private and do no hamper to public life.
【译文】学习对青年人是动力,对老年人是乐趣;它是得意者的装饰,失意 者的
慰籍;它可以丰富个人生活,又无碍于公众利益。

【解析】

refuge
”和“
relief
”是多义词,译文取其同义“慰籍”
,正好 与“装
饰”互为补充,形成排比。


5


Einstein was a fair amateur violinist, a great mathematician, and a
deeply philosophical man.




【译文】
爱因斯坦既是位伟大的数学家,
又是个懂得精深哲理的人,
同时还
是个不错的业余小提琴手。


1


Their sunburned faces were dark, and their sunwhipped eyes were
light.
【译文】他们太阳晒黑的脸忧郁阴沉,他们久经风霜的眼睛炯炯发光。


2

It has its obscure and unpretentious beginning; its quiet stretches
as well as its rapids; its periods of drought as well as fullness.
【译文】其源头,隐隐约约,并不引人注目;其流势,时 而平缓,时而湍急;其
水情,有汛期,也有枯竭期。

拟人

Personification












1

The green mountains were dancing,

and the



rivers and lakes
smiling.
【译文】葱郁群山在起舞,川流湖泊在欢笑。


2

Deliberate September

in its own time and tempo

begins to sum
up another summer.
【译文】从容的九月,踩着悠然的节拍,迈着闲适的步伐,去收获夏日的累累硕
果。


3

History
is
the
witness
of
the
times,
the
torch
of
truth,
the
life
of
memory, the teacher of life, the messenger of antiquity.
【译文】历史是时代的见证,是真理的火炬,是记 忆的生命,是生活的良师,是
古人的使者。


1

And I have loved thee, Ocean!

And my joy of youthful sports was
on thy breast to be borne onward.
【译文】我爱你呀,大海!在我少年之时,我最喜欢投身于你的怀抱把我带向远
方。


3

That freedom of the soul, which looks straight onward in its path,
losing no time to reason upon its steps, to study them, or to contemplate
those that it has already taken, is true simplicity. (Fran?ois Fé
nelon: True
and false Simplicity)
【译文】
我们的灵魂要是 能够无羁无绊,
直视眼前的道路,
并不白白浪费时间于
权衡研究脚下的步伐,或是回顾 已经走过的道路,这才是真正的单纯。

反语与讥讽

Irony & Satire












1: He plays football all day long during the time of examination. What
a diligent student he is!
【译文】在考试期间他整天踢足球,真是够勤奋的!


2

The French and the English were so ardent about art that they sent
their armies to search for invaluable paintings and sculptures all around
the world.
【译文】
英 国人和法国人都酷爱艺术,
不惜派遣军队在世界各地搜罗珍贵的绘画
和雕塑品。


3

Education

has produced a vast population able to read but unable
to distinguish what is worth reading.
【译文】教育造就了一大批能读书,却又不会区分什么书值得一读的人。


4

What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favoured country!

They let the paupers go to sleep.
【译文】他们竟允许穷人睡觉!——这是多么“高尚”的例证!多么“仁慈”
的法律!

多么可爱的国家。


5

The most happy marriage I can picture or imagine to myself would
be the union of a deaf man to a blind woman.
【译文】我能描绘和想象得出的最美满的婚姻,当是聋男和盲女的结合。


1


Laws are generally found to be nets of

such a texture, as the little
creep
through,
the
great
break
through,
and
middle-sized
are
alone
entangled in.

【译文】人们通常发现,法网对犯法者是这样的:

小者穿网而过,大者破网而
出,只有不大不小的才会坠入网中。


2

Those who are more thrifty (as I must confess the times require) may
flay the carcass; the skin of which artificially dressed will make admirable
gloves
for
ladies,
and
summer
boots
for
fine
gentlemen.


(Jonathan
Swift: A Modest Proposal )
【译文】
比较省俭的人
(我们必须承认这 年头需要节约)
可以先给孩子的尸体剥
皮;皮经过加工,可以做贵妇手套,给绅士做夏天穿的靴 子。


3

They were, in fact, very fine ladies; not deficient in good-humour
when they were pleased, nor in the power of being agreeable when they
chose it; but proud and conceited. ( J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice)
【 译文】其实,她们都是非常好的小姐;她们并不是不会谈笑风生,问题是要在
她们高兴的时候;
她们也不是不会待人和颜悦色,
问题是在于她们是否乐意这样
做;可惜的是,她们一味高傲自大 。


4

Fools had ne

er less grace in a year;
For wise men are grown foppish,
And know not how their wits to wear,
Their manners are so apish.








































(Shakespeare: King Lear)


【译文】这年头傻瓜供过于求,







聪明人儿个个变糊涂,







空顶着个没思想的头,







只会依样照葫芦画瓢。

双关歧义练习

1) Hugo is pulling a cart.
A.
雨果正在画一辆车。

drawing a picture of a cart


B.
雨果正在拉车。

2) The girl saw the boy with the binoculars.
A.
女孩看见了那个带望远镜的男孩。
(作定语)

B.
这个女孩用望远镜看见了那个男孩。
(作状语)

3) Do you notice the old man smoking?
A.
你注意到那位老人在抽烟吗?

B.
你注意到那位抽烟的老人吗?

4) How do you know when there is wind?
A.
你怎么知道什么时候有风?(定语从句)

B.
有风的时候,你怎么知道呢?(状语从句)

5) The statistician studies the whole year.
A.
统计学家研究全年的情况。
(宾语)

B.
统计学家一年到头进行研究。
(状语)

6) Jack and Mary are married.
A.
杰克和玛丽结为夫妻。

B.
杰克和玛丽各自成婚。

Jack is married and so is Mary.


7) I found her an entertaining woman.
A.
我为她找了一个女招待。

B.
我发现她是一个女招待。

8) Visiting aunts is a bore.
(动名词)





Visiting aunts are boring.
(分词)









A.
看望姑妈令人厌烦。







B.
喜欢串门的姑妈真烦人。

9) There is a want of confidence in him.

A.
人们对他缺乏信心。

B.
他本人缺乏信心。

10) Mr. Flack told his brother that he must

pay the bill.
A.

弗拉克先生对他弟弟说他必须付账单的钱。

B.

弗拉克先生对他弟弟说他必须付账单的钱。


“他”指弗拉克先生自己还是
指他的弟弟?)

矛盾练习

1) changelessly changing
【译文】始终如一,变化多端

2) a clever fool (a wise fool)

洛杉矶湖人英文-half是什么意思


洛杉矶湖人英文-half是什么意思


洛杉矶湖人英文-half是什么意思


洛杉矶湖人英文-half是什么意思


洛杉矶湖人英文-half是什么意思


洛杉矶湖人英文-half是什么意思


洛杉矶湖人英文-half是什么意思


洛杉矶湖人英文-half是什么意思



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