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2021-01-19 09:31
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谁当鬼-enabled什么意思

2021年1月19日发(作者:浪荡)
A
弃权


Abstain
在一个关于实体性问题的 投票中,
代表除了可以选择
“是”
或者
“否”

还可以选择
“弃权”

这意味着此代表既不支持也不反对正在进行投票表决的决议。

During
a
vote
on
a
substantive
matter,
a
delegate
may
abstain
rather
than
vote
yes
or
no.
This
means that the delegate neither supports nor opposes the resolution on the go.
议程


Agenda
点名完毕后,委员会所设定的议题讨论顺序。

Agenda is the order of topics to be discussed in a conference, usually being set after the roll call.

修正案


Amendment
修正案是用来对正在讨论的决议 草案提出修改意见的文件。修正案分为两种:友好修正案
与非友好修正案。

Amendment is a form of document to amend a draft resolution. The two types of amendments are
friendly amendment and unfriendly amendment.
B
背景指导


Background Guide
背景指导是一份关于会议即将讨论议题的调研报告,一般由会议主席团撰写,并在会前分
发给各国代表。

A

background
guide
is
a
research
report
of
topics
on
the
conference
written
by
the
dais
and
distributed to the delegates before the conference.
约束力

Binding
约束力是指联合国决议对成员国具有法律效力。安理会决议和联合国国际法庭 的判决是具
有约束力的;而联合国大会和经社委员会的决议不具有约束力。

Binding is the legal force to impose UN resolutions on the Member States. Resolutions of Security
Council
and
the
Internaitonal
Court
of
Justice
are
binding.
Decisions
made
by
the
General
Assembly and Economic and Social Council are non-binding.
国家集团


Bloc
一组处于同一地理区域或者就某一议题有类似观点的国家。组成国家集团的决定性因 素是
具有共同的国家利益。

A

bloc
is
a
group
of
countries
within
a
same
geographical
region
or
holding
similar
country
positions on a particular topic. The determining factor in forming a bloc is sharing the common
national interests.
集团领导者

Bloc Leader
在一个国家集团中充当着领导者的代表。

A
bloc leader is the delegate who plays the leading role in a bloc.
C
磋商


Caucus
磋商是正式辩 论过程中一种深入讨论议题的方式。磋商分为两种类型:有主持核心磋商和
自由磋商。

Caucus is a form of discussion in formal debate, in which delegates may discuss a subtopic more
specifically. There are two types of caucus: moderated caucus and un-moderated caucus.
主席


Chair
主席是负责主持辩论、计时、裁决问题及动议,并执行会议流程的主席团成员。

Chair is a member of the dais who is responsible for moderating debate, timing, ruling on points
and motions, and imposing the rules of procedure.
委员会

Committee
“委员会 ”
是一个协商会议,
一个由代表组成
,
按议事程序讨论议题并做出决策的有序 组织。
模拟联合国会议中的委员会大多模仿联合国主要机构、附属机构、规划署、基金会、调研
及培训机构、特殊组织、实体和区域委员会建立。代表需依据所在委员会的职权范围和议
事规则讨论相关 议题。

A

committee
is
a
deliberative
assembly,
an
organization
comprising
members
who
use
parliamentary procedure for making decisions. In Model UN conference, committees are usually
the
simulations
of
principal
organs,
subsidiary
bodies,
programs,
funds,
research
and
training
institutes, special organizations, entities or regional commissions of UN system. Delegates discuss
relevant topics and resolutions according to the given functions, powers, and rules of procedure of
the committees.
危机

Crisis
危机是会议进行当中,各国 代表需要立即处理的突发性事件。模联会议中的危机一般由主
席团在会前设置好,事件可能与代表们讨论 的议题相关。事件的形式有若干种,可能是突
发事件的新闻报道,可能是国际组织的文件,可能是相关人 员的视频资料,也可能是外交
官派出国政府发来的外交指令等。


Crisis

,
to which
delegates
must respond
immediately,
is
an
emergent
matter
or
unexpected
event
that
happens
during
a conference.
Usually
designed
by
the
dais
before
the
conference,
a
crisis may be related to the topic being discussed on the floor. The forms of crisis include news
report,
official
document
from
international
organizations,
video
profile,
or
directive
from
embassies or governments.
D
主席团


Dais
主席团由主席、会议总监和主席助理组成,负责组织模拟联合国的会议。

Usually consisted of a Chair, a Director and a Rapporteur, a dais is a group of people in charge of
a Model UN conference.
代表


Delegate
代表是模拟联合国会议中受委托或指派表达意见的人,可以代表一个联合国 成员国,一个
观察国,或一个国际组织。

Representing
an
UN
Member
State,
an
observer
or
an
international
organization,
delegate
is
a
person chosen or elected to express views in a Model UN conference.
代表团


Delegation
代表团是指模联会议中,在不 同委员会代表同一个成员国或观察国的全体代表。代表团也
指来自同一参与团体的所有代表,例如来自同 一高中或大学的全体代表。

Delegation
is
a
group
of
delegates
representing
the same
UN
Member
State,
an
observer
or
an
international
organization
in
a
Model
UN
conference.
Delegation
is
also
used
to
describe
the
delegates from the same participating group, e.g. the same high school or college.
会议总监


Director
会议总监是负责监督代表角色扮演、文件写作及议题调研的主席团成员。

Director
is
a
member
of
the
dais
who
is
in
charge
of
overseeing
delegates


role-playing,
document writing and topic researching.
决议草案


Draft Resolution
决议草案是由代表草拟、为委员会所讨论的议题寻求解决方案的一种文件格式。 如果被投
票通过,那么决议草案就成为正式决议。在一个委员会中,有关同一个议题的决议草案只
能通过一份。

Written
by
the
delegates,
draft resolution
is
a
form
of
document
that seeks
to solve
the
issues
addressed by a Model UN committee. If passed by the committee, the draft resolution will become
a resolution. Only one draft resolution will be passed for each topic in a committee.
指令草案

Draft Directive
指令草案是针对危机处理的文件。指令草案的表决通过标志着危机的成功解决。指 令草案
由行动性条款构成。指令草案的行动措施要立即、有效,避免长远规划。代表可以对指令
草案提出修正案,其中,非友好修正案也需要表决。

Draft directive is a form of document that aims at successfully solving the crisis. A
draft direc
tive
is
only composed
by
operative clauses.
The
actions
taken
under
the
directive
need to
be
instant
and
effective
instead
of
long-term.
Amandments
are
welcome
to
a
draft
directive,
of
which
the
unfriendly ones shall be passed after votes.
F
指导教师


Faculty Advisor
指导教师是负责指导学生运营模拟联合国社团并训练模联代表团的教学人员。

Faculty Advisor is a teacher or faculty responsible for advising students to run a Model UN club
and training a delegation.
会议流程


Flow of the Debate
会议流程是模联会议中事件进行的顺序。

Flow of debate is the order in which events proceed during a Model UN conference.
正式辩论


Formal Debate
在一个模联会议中标准形式的讨论。代表按照发言名单确定的顺序在规定时间内进行演讲。

The
standard
type
of
debate
at
a
Model
UN
conference,
in
which
delegates
speak for
a certain
period of time in the order based on the speakers


list.
友好修正案
Friendly Amendment

友好修正案是原决议 草案全部起草国均赞成的对决议草案内容的改动。在全部起草国签字
同意后,一份修正案便成为友好修正 案,并自动被加入到原决议草案中。

A
friendly amendment
is a change to the draft resolution that all sponsors agree with. After the
amendment
signed
by
all
of
the
draft
resolution

s
sponsors
and
approved
by
the
committee
director or president, it will be automatically incorporated into the resolution.
G


Gavel
主席用来维持模联委员会秩序的一个小木锤形 状的工具。很多会议都把委员会中使用过的
槌赠与主席团选出的该委员会的最佳代表。所以,这个词也常 常用来指赠与最佳代表的奖
励,哪怕事实上并没有。

The tool, shaped like a small wooden hammer, is used by the Chair to keep order within a Model
UN committee. Many conferences give the gavel to the delegate recognized by the dais as the best
in
that
committee;
therefore,
the
term
is
frequently
used
to
refer
to
the
award
given
to
the
best
delegate, even in cases where no actual gavel is given
地球村


Global Village
在模联会议进行过程中举行的展示各国文化的活动。

Global
Village is an activity in which delegates can display different cultures of the countries via
exhibitions.
H
首席代表

Head Delegate
首席代表是一个模联代表团中的领队。

Head delegate is the chief representative of a Model UN delegation.
I
支持

In favor of

即支持该动议通过。当超过半数的与会代表支持该动议通过,主席团才能予以执行。

In favor is to agree to pass a motion. There must be over half of the delegates in favor of a motion
in order to pass it.
L
游说

Lobbying
游说是一种通过陈述观点来影响会场内他国代表意见的行为。

Lobbying
is
a
form
of
advocacy
with
the
intention
of
influencing
decisions
made
by
other
delegates during a conference.
M
成员国


Member State
一个批准了联合国宪章、 并且加入申请已经被联合国大会和安理会接受的国家。目前联合
国一共有
192
个成员 国。唯一一个国际承认的非成员国家是教廷梵蒂冈。

A

country
that
has
ratified
the
Charter
of
the
United
Nations
and whose
application
to
join
has
been accepted by the General
Assembly and Security Council. Currently, there are 192 member
states. The only internationally recognized state that is not a member state is the Holy See.

有主持核心磋商


Moderated Caucus
一种有特定主题、限总发言时间的磋商形式。有主持核心磋商可以让代表在短时间内关注
更为具体的问题。

A

type
of
caucus
with
a
specific
topic
and
restricted
total
time,
moderated
Caucus
enables
delegates to focus on detailed problems in a short period of time.
动议


Motion
由代表提出的改变现有会议 进程的建议,需要全体代表投票表决。这些动议的内容可以是
进行磋商、休会、介绍决议草案或者进入投 票阶段。

A
suggestion made by a delegate to change the current process. A
motion might refer to a caucus,
an adjournment, an introduction to a draft resolution, or closing the debate.
动议停止辩论


Motion to Close Debate
动议结束辩论与动议暂停会议有所不同。当结束辩论的动议生效后,会议将进入投票阶段 。
此动议一般在代表认为立场已经得到充分阐述,且决议草案已较为完善的情况下提出。

A
motion to close debate is not the same as the motion to suspend meeting. Rather, it is used to
move the committee to a vote, usually when the delegate has made his or her country

s position
clear and there are enough and fully discussed draft resolutions on the floor.
动议有主持核心磋商动议


Motion for a Moderated Caucus
代表通过动议有主持核心磋商来进行议题的深入讨论 。有主持核心磋商讨论的主题、总时
间、各代表发言时间由提出此动议的代表提出。

Delegates make a motion for a moderated caucus in order to set a discussion on a specific topic.
To
motion
for
a
moderated caucus,
delegates
are
required
to
propose
topic, total
time
and
the
speaking time for each delegate.
动议更改发言时间


Motion to Set Speaking Time
代表可以通过动议更改发言时间,来重置每位代表在发言名单中的发言时间。

Delegates
propose
a
motion
to
set
the speaking
time
for
the
purpose
of setting
or
changing
the
amount of time each delegate has to speak in the speakers


list.
动议暂停会议


Motion to Suspend the Meeting
代表动议暂停会议可以结束会议的一个阶段,并使会议进入休息时间。

Delegates propose a motion to suspend the meeting for the purpose of ending a session and having
a break.
动议自由磋商

Motion for an Unmoderated Caucus
提出自由磋商动议的代表需要规定时间。一旦 动议获得通过,在规定时间内代表可以离开
座位,更为密切地和盟友们交换意见。

A
motion for an unmoderated caucus is usually proposed under the purpose to set a free discussion
so that the delegates can exchange ideas with other delegates in your bloc. Delegates need to set
the total time for an unmoderated caucus in the motion.
模联人

MUNer
曾经参与过或正在参与模拟联合国活动的人。

People who have participated or are participating in Model UN activity.
O
观察员


Observer 一个不是联合国成员或某特定委员会成员的国家、政府组织、区域组织或者非政府组织。
国家观察员 可以对程序性问题投票,但是不能对实体性问题进行投票。例如教廷梵蒂冈和
参与安全理事会巴以问题讨 论的以色列。

An
observer
is
a
state,
national
organization,
regional
organization,
or
non- governmental
organization
that
is
not
a
member
of
the
UN
nor
a
member
of
a
specific
committee,
but
participates in the debates. Observers can vote on procedural matters but not substantive matters,
e.g. the
Holy
See
or
the State
of Israel
participating
in
the
Security
Council
meeting
regarding
Israel- Palestine conflict.
被讨论状态


On the floor
在模联会议中,一份工作文件或者决议草案刚刚完成的时候不能够被讨论。只有在得到会< br>议指导的认可并且被委员会介绍后,它才进入“被讨论状态”进而可以被广泛讨论。

At a Model UN conference, when a working paper or draft resolution is first written, it may not be
discussed in debate. After it is approved by the Director and introduced by the committee, it is put

on the floor


and may be further discussed.
行动性条款


Operative Clause
决议中描述联合国将如何解决问题的部分,以动词第三人 称单数(比如决定,成立,建议
等等)开头。

Operative clause is a part of a resolution which describes how the UN will address a problem. The
clauses are written with verbs in third person singular form as beginning (e.g. decides, establishes,
recommends, etc.).
P
Page
意向条


In
order
to
maintain
the
order
of
the conference,
a
delegate
should write
notes
on
pages
to
ask
questions, lobby or negotiate with other delegates or a dais member during a session. Pages should
be written in the official working language of the committee.
为了维持会场秩序,开会期间代表如有任何问题或者需要进行游说、沟通,都要通过书写

谁当鬼-enabled什么意思


谁当鬼-enabled什么意思


谁当鬼-enabled什么意思


谁当鬼-enabled什么意思


谁当鬼-enabled什么意思


谁当鬼-enabled什么意思


谁当鬼-enabled什么意思


谁当鬼-enabled什么意思



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