egg是什么意思英国文学选读名词解释

2021年1月19日发(作者：驽马十驾)
1.

epic
史诗




An epic is a long oral narrative poem that operates on a grand scale and deals with
legendary
or
historical
events
of
national
or
universal
significance .Most
epics
deal
with
the
exploits
of
a
single
individual
and
also
interlace
the
main
narrative
with
myths,
legends,
folk
tales
and
past
events;
there
is
a
composite
effect,
the
entire
culture of a country cohering in the overall experience of the poem . Epic poems

are
not merely entertaining stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and
express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its
history.

2.

caesura
停顿

a break or pause in a line of poetry, dictated by the natural rhythm of the language
and sometimes enforced by punctuation.
In Old English verse, such as
Beowulf,

the caesura was used rather monotonously to indicate the half line.
3.

alliteration
头韵

the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words
that
are
close
to
each
other.
It
is
a
feature
of
Beowulf
and
other
Old
English
poems.
4.

alliterative verse
头韵诗

poetry written in alliteration. Nearly all Old English verse, including
Beowulf
, is
heavily
alliterative,
and
the
pattern
is
fairly
standard
–

with
either
two
or
three
stressed syllables in each line alliterating.
5.

kenning
隐喻语

a
metaphor
usually
composed
of
two
words
and
used
for
description
and
association. Beowulf is full of
kennings, such as “helmet bearer” for “warrior” and
“swan road” for “sea”.

6.

protagonist
主角

the principal character of a drama or fiction. Hamlet is the protagonist of William
Shakespeare’s drama
Hamlet
.
7.

antagonist
反角

In
drama
or
fiction
the
antagonist
opposes
the
hero
or
protagonist.
In
Hamlet

Claudius is antagonist to Hamlet.
8.

romance
传奇

a
type
of
literature
that
was
popular
in
the
Middle
Ages,
usually
containing
adventures and reflecting the spirit of chivalry.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

was a great verse romance, but its author remains unknown.
9.

bob and wheel
诗节末尾的短行与叠唱

a
rhyming
section
of
five
lines
that
concludes
a
stanza
in
Sir
Gawain
and
the
Green
Knight
.
The
“bob”
is
a
very
short
line,
sometimes
of
only
two
syllables,
followed by the “wheel”, longe
r lines with three stresses and internal thyme.
10.

poet’s corner
诗人角

a part of Westminster Abbey, London, which contains the tombs or monuments of
some famous English poets, such as Geoffrey Chaucer and John Milton.
11.

heroic couplet
英雄双韵体

Two
successive
lines
o
f
rhymed
poetry
in
iambic
pentameter.
Geoffrey
Chaucer’s
叮叮小文库

masterpiece
The Canterbury Tale
was written in heroic couplet.

Named
from
its
use
by
Dryden
and
others
in
the
heroic
drama
of
the
late
17
th

century,
the
heroic
couplet
had
been
established
much
earlier
by
Chaucer
as
a
major English verse-form for narrative and other kinds of non-dramatic portry: it
dominated
English
poetry
of
the
18
th

century,
notably
in
the
couplets
of
Pope,
before declining in importance in the early 19
th
century.
12.

ballad meter
民谣体

traditionally
a
four-line
stanza
containing
alternating
four-stress
and
three-stress
lines, usually with a refrain and the rhyme scheme of abcb. Robert Burns’ “A Red,
Red Rose” is a great love ballad.

13.

refrain
叠句，副歌

a phrase, line or lines repeated at intervals during a poem and especially at the end
of a stanza.
It
is
very often found in
English
ballads, such as Robert Burns’ “A
Red, Red Rose”.

14.

English Renaissance
英国文艺复兴

the literary flowering of England in the late 16th century and early 17th century,
with
humanism
as
its
keynote.
William
Shakespeare’s
Hamlet
is
considered
the
summit of this renaissance.

Renaissance(
文艺复兴
)



The word
“
renaissance
”
means rebirth or revival. It is
commonly
applied
to
the
movement
or
period
in
western
civilization
,
which
marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world . It sprang up first in
Italy in the 14
th
century and gradually spread all over Europe, the date differing
for different countries. The Renaissance indicates a revival of classical (Greek and
Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. The study
and
propagation
of
classical
learning
and
art
was
carried
on
by
the
progressive
thinkers
of
the
humanists.
They
held
their
chief
interest
not
in
ecclesiastical
knowledge,
but
in
man,
his
environment
and
doings
and
his
brave
fight
for
the
emancipation
of
man
from
the
tyranny
of
the
church
and
religious
dogmas.
Because
in
the
ancient
Greek
and
Roman
mythology
were
found
the
ideas
of
universal love, respect to human beings and approval of man
’
s power, ability and
knowledge. And at the same time worldly enjoyment on the earth was affirmed. In
short, man became the center of the world instead of God as upheld in the Middle
Ages.
The
Renaissance
Movement
is
a
great
revolution
carried
out

in
the
fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century Europe. It broke the chain and bondage
of feudal and theological ties and brought human wisdom and capacity into full
play.
15.

Elizabethan literature
伊丽莎白时代的文学

literature
written
in
the
Elizabethan
Age
(1558-16
03).
William
Shakespeare’s
Romeo and Juliet
was a masterpiece of this period.
16.

sonnet
十四行诗

a fixed form consisting of fourteen lines of 5-foot iambic verse. It first flourished
in Italy in the 14
th
century. William Shakespeare was a great English sonnet writer
famous for his 154 sonnets.
17.

iambic pentameter
五步抑扬格


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叮叮小文库

the
basic
line
in
English
verse,
with
five
feet
in
a
line,
usually
an
unaccented
syllable followed by an accented syllable. It was probably introduced by Geoffrey
Chaucer and certainly established by him in
The Canterbury Tales
.
18.

meter
格律

the
pattern
of
stressed
and
unstressed
syllables
in
verse.
In
English
verse
a
line
may have a fixed number of syllables and yet have a varying number of stresses;
the
commonest
meter
is
iambic.
William
Shakespeare’s
so
nnets
are
written
in
iambic.
19.

foot
音步

a group of syllables forming a metrical unit. We measure feet in terms of syllable
variation: long and short syllables, stressed and unstressed. The commonest foot
in English verse is iamb; the commonest line is five-foot line, called pentameter.
William Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 18” contains fourteen iambic pentameter lines.

20.

rhyme scheme
押韵格式

the pattern of end-thymes in a stanza or poem, generally described by using letters
of
the
alphabet
to
denote
the
recurrence
of
rhyming
lines.
For
example,
heroic
couplets are “aabbcc” and so on.

21.

quatrain
四行诗节

a stanza of four lines, rhymed or unrhymed.
It
is the commonest
of all stanzaic
forms in English poetry. Robert Burns’ “A Red, Red Rose” has four quatrains.

22.

image
意象

a
concrete
representation
of
an
object
or
sensory
experience.
Typically,
such
a
representation
helps
evoke
the
feelings
associated
with
the
object
or
experience
itself. Many images are conveyed by figurative language. An image may be visual,
olfactory, tactile, auditory, gustatory, abstract and kinaesthetic. The rose in Robert
Burns’ poem “A Red, Red Rose” is a beautiful image.

23.

poetic license
诗的破格

the liberty allowed to the poet to wrest the language according to his needs in the
use of figurative speech, archaism, rhyme, strange syntax, etc. An example is the
last sentence of “A Red, Red Rose” by Robert Burns –

“Tho’ it were ten thousand
mile!
”

24.

verse drama
诗剧

drama
written
in
the
form
of
verse.
It
was
most
widely
used
in
the
Elizabethan
Age. William Shakespeare’s dramas are all verse dramas,
Hamlet
being the most
famous.
25.

blank verse
无韵诗，素体诗

unrhymed
iambic
pentameter,
the
most
widely
used
of
English
verse
forms
and
usually
used
in
English
dramatic
and
epic
poetry.
William
Shakespeare’s
play
Hamlet
is written in blank verse.
26.

Globe Theatre
环球剧场

One of the most famous of all theatres, it was built in 1599, with three stories. The
roof
was
thatched,
with
the
centre
open
to
the
sky.
Many
of
William
Shakespeare’s plays were performed in it. It was destroyed by fire in 1613, rebuilt
the next year and finally demolished in 1644. Again it was rebuilt in 1997.

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