丝绸之路翻译航海词汇英文

2021年1月19日发(作者：碗型钢丝轮)
航海词汇英文

A

Actual depth;
the true depth of water as opposed to a predicted
depth
、

Tidal height from table added to the charted depth
、

Almanac
; an annual publication containing Tide Tables astronomical
ephemerals etc
、

Altitude;
the angular distance of a celestial body above the viewers
horizon
、


Anabatic Winds
; caused by warm air rising up a slope to be replaced
by cooler air, as opposed to kabatic, descending winds
、

Apparent wind
; the wind as felt on board, this will be the actual wind
modified by the wind created by the vessels movement
、

Aries;
the constellation of the Ram in the Northern Celestial
Hemisphere, see also, First Point of Aries
、

Astrolabe
; an instrument used to determine the altitude of celestial
objects before the introduction of the sextant
、

The first recorded use
by Greek astronomers in around 200 B
、
C
、

Azimuth;
the horizontal angular distance from a reference position to
a celestial body, usually measured clockwise in degrees from the
direction of the nearest pole
、

B
Navigation Terms
、

航海词汇英文


Barometer;
an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure
、


Barometric Gradient
; the rate at which atmospheric pressure rises of
falls
、

Bars
Harbor Bar
、

Beacon;
an unlit navigation mark
、

Bearing
; the compass reading taken of a object in relation to the
observer
、

Beaufort Scale;
a numerical method of describing wind strength
、

Body;
a celestial object
、

Buoyage Marks and Systems;


航海词汇英文

C
Navigation Terms
、

Cape
; a piece of land that that projects out into a large body of water
、

Cardinal Marks;
buoyage marks indicating the direction of safe water
with reference to the cardinal points
、

Cardinal Points;
the four main points of the compass, North, East,
South and West
、

Cartography;
the study and the construction of maps
、


Cartographer
; a map maker
、

CC or Compass Course
; the course to steer which has been
corrected for current, variation, and deviation
、

Celestial navigation;
a method of navigating by referring to the stars
or other objects in the sky
、

Celestial sphere;
an imaginary sphere with the earth at its center, on
whose surface the stars, planets and other heavenly bodies appear to
be situated
、

Characteristics;
the distinctive pattern of flashes used to identify a
light
、

Chart datum;
the reference level on charts to which tidal heights are
referred
、

Charted depth;
the depth shown on the chart for a particular point on
the sea bed
、

Chronometer;
a very accurate clock or watch that is used for
determining one's longitude at sea

航海词汇英文

Circumnavigate;
to travel around the entire Earth
、

Civil twilight;
times given in the almanac, for listed latitudes for
approximately the best time to take a morning or evening sight, when
both the horizon and the heavenly bodies are visible
、

CMG;
the Course Made Good is the course over the ground
、

Cocked hat;
a triangle formed by a series of three LOPs which do not
meet at an exact point
、


COLREGS;
the international rules for prevent of collisions at sea
、

Compass;
a device that always points towards magnetic north, used
for navigation
、

Compass Rose;
is a design on a chart that shows direction
、

It points
which way is north, south, east, west, and some intermediate
directions
、

Constellations;
Star groups
、


Conversion tables;
used to convert units of one system to units in
another
、

Copernicus;
1473-1543, Polish astronomer credited with disproving
the Ptolemaic System
、

Course;
the direction in which a vessel is heading or is intended to be
steered, the direction through the water
、


Course made good;
the direction in which the vessel is actually
traveling as opposed to the direction in which it is pointing
、

航海词汇英文

Corrections;
alterations made to charts to update navigational
information
、

Cross bearing;
using LOPs from several navigational aids or marks
to obtain a position fix
、

Crux;
the Southern Cross a constellation seen in the southern
hemisphere
、


D
Navigation Terms
、

Dead reckoning;
determining a position by plotting courses and
speeds from a known position
、


Declination
; the angular distance to a point on the celestial sphere
measured north and south from the celestial equator along the hour
circle
、

Deviation
; the compass errors caused by metallic o magnetic objects
on board the vessel
、

Dip;
a correction to be applied to sextant attitudes to compensate for
height of eye above sea level
、


Doldrums
; the Inter- tropical Convergence Zone (or ITCZ) a belt of
very still air between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south of the
equator
、

Drift
; the speed in knots of the effect of current or tide on a vessel's
progress
、

Drying height;
the height above chart datum, on a chart, of any areas
which are uncovered at low water
、

航海词汇英文

Duration of tide;
the time between high an low water, normally just
over 6 hours
、


E
Navigation Terms
、

Ebb
; out-flowing tide
、


Electronic logs or E log books
; a method of standardising the
keeping of logs digitally on commercial vessels
、

Electronic charts;
there are two different types see Vector charts
and Raster marine charts
、

ENT
; , Evening Nautical Twilight
、

EP
; Estimated Position, the DR plus the effects of current
、

Ephemerals
; a published collection of tables giving coordinates for
astronomical bodies for specific times
、

Estimated Position
; a DR position which has been adjusted to allow
for Set and Drift
、

ETA
; estimated time of arrival
、

Equator;
an imaginary circle around the earth, halfway between the
north and south poles
、


F
Navigation Terms
、

Fathom
; an old fashioned unit of measurement to measure depth,
approximately equal to 6 feet or 1
、
8 meters
、

Flood
; incoming tide
、

航海词汇英文

First Point of Aries;
a point on the celestial sphere which is used as a
reference point, it is in fact where the ‘Ecliptic’ and the Celestial
Equator cross
、

Fix;
a position verified by reference to bearings take off a known point
such as a conspicuous land mark
、

Flotsam
; the floating debris resulting from a shipwreck
、

Forecasting Terms;
used to convey specific, concise, information on
weather conditions
、


G
Navigation Terms
、

Gates
Tidal
、

Geographical Position or GP;
in celestial navigation it is the point on
the earths surface directly beneath the Zenith, and the bit of the
surface you are standing on is yo
ur body’s Geographical Position or
GP
、

GHA, Greenwich Hour Angle;
the measurement of a position, in
degrees, westward from the Greenwich meridian
、

Read more
GMT, Greenwich Mean Time;
now referred to as UTC, Coordinated
Universal Time, or UT, it is the mean of the times of noon at the
Greenwich Meridian
、

GPS, Global Positioning System
; a system which uses information
broadcast from orbiting satellites to calculate the longitude and
latitude of a receiving device
、

Greenwich meridian;
the Prime Meridian it is the 0°
longitude line, it is
referred to as the Greenwich Meridian because it passes through the
Royal Observatory at Greenwich in the UK
、


航海词汇英文

Gyrocompass
; a non magnetic type of compass
、


H
Navigation Terms
、

Harbor Bars

Hand held, Compass;
a small portable compass
、

Heading;
the direction in which a vessel is pointing, as opposed to
the course made good
、

HE, Height of Eye;

the height of a sextant user’s eye above sea level,
needed to add as a correction to a site reduction
、

Height of tide
; a figure taken from the tide tables indicating the depth
of water above the chart datum
、

Horizon;

the apparent line, for an observer where the earth’s surface
and the sky meet
、

Also a circle formed on the celestial sphere by a
plane tangent to a point on the Earth's surface
、

Horizon Glass;
or Horizon Mirror half clear glass half mirror, on a
sextant it allows the observer to view the horizon at the same time as
a reflection of whatever is showing in the Index Mirror
、

Read more:
Horse Latitudes
; See Doldrums and ITCZ
、


I
Navigation Terms
、

internationally recognised systems of buoyage
Index mirror;
the mirror at the apex of a sextant frame which pivots
with the index arm
、


Intercept
; where two or more lines such as LOPs cross
、

航海词汇英文

International Date Line
; the imaginary line in the Pacific Ocean at
which the date changes
、

This line varies from the 180
?
meridian to
avoid populated land areas
、

International marine signal flags;
a system of flag shapes and
designes used to communicate messages at sea
、

Interpolation Tables
; almanac tables to estimate value between the
tabulated results
、

ITCZ, Intertropical Convergence Zone
; the varying area of normally
still air lying approximately between 5
?
north and south of the
equator
、

Isolated Danger Mark;
buoyage marks indicating a hazard, a such
as a wreck directly below the mark,

J
navigation terms
、

Jetsam
; are objects that have been thrown overboard from a vessel,
originally stuff jettisoned by a ship which was in trouble
、


K
navigation terms
、

Knot, (Kts
、
);
a unit of speed, nautical miles per hour
、


L
navigation terms
、

Landfall
; the approach to or sighting of land after an ocean passage
、

Lateral Marks;
buoyage indicating the edge of a safe water channel
、

Latitude;
the angular distance north or south from the equator on the
earth surface
、