两次英语2010级第3学期期末阅读和完型资料(学生版)

2021年1月19日发(作者：吕氏春秋翻译)

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2010
级非英语专业 学生第
3
学期英语期末考试阅读和完型复习资料

Passage One
That
morning,
when
I
left
the
subway
station,
a
man
ran
down
the
street
screaming,
“
Someone
just
bombed
the
World
Trade
Center
(WTC).
”

Within
one
split
second
I
was
torn
between running into the WTC to help evacuate people and running back to the office. I had no
luck calling and decided that as the director I should run to the office to see how everyone was. I
made it to the office to find three staff members trying to piece together what was happening.
We
had
no
idea
how
bad this
day was
about
to
become.
The
nightmare
continued
as rumors were
flying about Washington D.C. being attacked and other planes being hijacked.
Then the South Tower collapsed. Soon, a storm of dust came running toward the Seaport.
At this time, the Body Positive Office went into action with the rest of the building and helped in
setting up a temporary first-aid station in RED, the restaurant located on the street level.
As
the
second
tower
collapsed,
thousands came
running
toward
the
Seaport, where
our
office is located. We started bringing bottled water down to the restaurant to serve them. Although
nothing
in my clinical training as a social worker could have fully prepared me for this,
I knew
that it was important for us to be supportive of the wide range of reactions that people would be
having.
Soon, some people came in with first-aid needs. We continued throughout the morning, all
the time listening to the radio and television for word from the Mayor on how to proceed. At 11:45
a.m., he requested that lower Manhattan evacuate. We made the announcement to all those resting
in the restaurant that the building had to be closed. As we walked the streets finding our way out
of the darkness on such a sunny day
, fighter jets circled above the city.
Much has been written about the disaster already. We have learned so much in such a small
amount of time about appreciating life. Many parallels can be drawn between this disaster and the
AIDS crisis from the multitude of losses to the bravery and courage displayed. Y
et, we have only
begun to understand what Tuesday, September 11, 2001 will truly mean to all of us.
As I move
forward, I am shocked by the images I witnessed, as much as I am so blessed to have been part of
the deluge (
洪水
) of helping hands that came to make a difference.
Passage T
wo

Bad luck always seems to strike at the worst possible moment. A
man about to interview for
his dream job gets stuck in traffic. A
law student taking her final exam wakes up with a blinding
headache. A
runner twists his ankle minutes before a big race. Perfect examples of cruel fate.
Or are they? Psychologists who study such
common unlucky accidents now believe that in
many instances, they may be carefully planned schemes of the subconscious mind. In their new
book, Y
our Own Worst Enemy, Steven Berglas of Harvard Medical School and Mclean Hospital in
Belmont,
Mass,
and
Roy
Baumeister
of
Case
Western
Reserve
University
contend
that
people
often engage in a from of self-defeating behavior known as self-handicapping- or in plain terms,
excuse- making. It
’
s a simple process: by taking on a crippling handicap, a person makes it more
likely that he or she will fail at an endeavor. Though it seems like a crazy thing to do, Berglas and
Baumeister say it is actually a clever trick of the mind, one that sets up a win situation by allowing
a person to save face when he or she does fail.
A

classic
self-handicapper
is
the
French chess champion
Deschapelles,
who
lived
during
the 18
th
century
. Deschapelles was a great player who quickly became champion of his region. But
when competition grew tougher, he adopted a new condition for all matches: he would compete

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only
if
his
opponent
would
remove
one
of
Deschapelle
’
s
pawns (
卒
)
and
make
the
first
move,
increasing the odds that Deschapelles would
lose. If he did lose, he could blame it on the other
player
’
s advantage and no one would know the true limits of his ability; but if he won against such
odds, he would be all
the more respected for his amazing talents. Psychologists now use the term
“
Deschapelles coup
”
to refer to acts of self-handicapping popular in today
’
s world.
Overall,
men
are
more
likely
than
women
to
make
excuses.
Several
studies
suggest
that
men feel the need to appear competent in all realms, while women worry only about the skills in
which they
’
ve invested heavily.
Ask a man and a woman to go scuba diving (
带水肺的潜水
) for
the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to first make it known
that he
’
s not feeling too well.
In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those obsessed with
success, says Berglas, who is a consultant to several leading business executives.
Such people are
so
afraid
of
being
labeled
a
failure
at
anything
that
they
constantly
develop
one
handicap
or
another in order to explain their failures.
Though self- handicapping can be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety now
and
then,
in
the
end, researchers say,
it
is
a
Faustian
Bargain
(
浮士德契约
).
Over
the
long run,
excuse makers fail to live up to their true potential and lose the status they care so much about.
And despite their protests to the contrary
, they have only themselves to blame.
Passage Three
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually
reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness
then
pain
must
be
equal
to
unhappiness.
But
in
fact,
the
opposite
is
true:
More
often
than
not
things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They
fear
the
pain
inevitably
brought
by
such
things
as
marriage,
raising
children,
professional
achievement, religious commitment, self-improvement.
Ask
a
bachelor
why
he
resists
marriage
even
though
he
finds
dating
to
be
less
and
less
satisfying.
If
he
is
honest
he
will
tell
you
that
he
is
afraid
of
making
a
commitment.
For
commitment is in fact quite painful.
The single life is filled with fun, adventure, and excitement.
Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing feature.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night
’
s sleep or a three-day vacation. I
don
’
t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples
who decide not to have children never know the
joys of watching a child grow up or of playing
with a grandchild.
Understanding
and accepting that true
happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the
most liberating realizations. It liberates time: Now we can devote more hours to activities that can
genuinely
increase our happiness. It liberates money: Buying that new car or
those fancy clothes
that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy:
We now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy
at all.
Passage Four
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.
It
is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative
and another is competitive.