notice的用法HowtoteachenglishbyJeremyHarmer归纳总结

2021年1月19日发(作者：混)
to be a good teacher?
What makes a good teacher?

Make their lesson interesting.
Love his job
Has
his
own
personality
and
doesn’t
hide
it
from
the
students.
Lots of knowledge, not only his subject
Entertainer who can amuse students

Friendly and can help solve problems
Has an affinity with the students
Try and draw out quite ones/control more talkative ones
Can correct people without offending them
Helps rather than shouts
Know students’ name


Class management
—
the ability to control and inspire a
class

How should teachers talk to students

Rough
tune
their
language
to
the
students’
levels:
exaggerated
tone
of
voice/less
complex
grammatical
structures/less difficult words/eye contact
Physical movement
–
gestures/expressions/mime

How to give instructions:
They must be kept as simple as possible/be logical
Check if they understand

How to talk in class:
Balance stt and ttt(comprehensible input). Maxim STT

What are the best kinds of lesson?
Balance
between
predictable
safety
and
unexpected
variety

How important is it to follow a prearranged plan:
Concentrated
on
the
teacher’s
ability
to
respond
flexibly
to what happens in class, even while attempting to follow
a pre-arranged plan.

How to be a good learner
The
hours
they
spend
practicing
and
always
do
homework/age/level

How important the students’ motivation

Integrative motivation>instrumental motivation

Who is responsible for learning?
Good
learners
take
some
responsibility
learning
themselves/encourage self-studying
Characters
that
good
classroom
learners
share:
the
desirability to using proper learning skills
A
willingness
to
listen/to
experiment/to
ask
questions/to
think about how to learn/accept correction
Adult
learner:
also
can
be
disruptive
like
world
adolescents/nervous
about
learning/more
knowledge/greater tolerance for “serious learning”.

Balance
serious
study
of
English
with
the
more
entertaining
activities.

Different levels:
Beginners
(false
beginners)(elementary)(lower
intermediate) intermediate(upper intermediate) advanced
Rough
tune
–

different
language
level/different
questions
Different
activities:
pronunciation
practice/simple
introduction dialogue/abstract discussion

3. how to manage teaching and learning:
Teachers’ phys
ical presence in class:
Proximity: how close
Appropriacy: crouching down/same level
movement: move around the class to some extent.
Make contact with students(esp eye contact)

How to use their voice:
Audibility
clearly
heard
without
shouting
in
a
disagreeable way
Variety stress the need for variety
Conservation take good care of their voice

How to mark the stage of lesson:
Mark
stages
and
changes
clearly
so
that
students
know
what’s
going
on.
Good
teac
hers
know
how
to
start
the
class
and also know how to close it so that there was a feeling
of completeness.

Sitting arrangement:
Orderly
rows
keep
in
touch
with
what’s
going
on
and
involve
all the students
Circles and horseshoes teacher dominated
Separate tables tongshang

Student grouping:
Whole class
Group work and pair work
Solowork

Teacher also should evaluate themselves
Try
out
new
techniques/evaluate
themselves/find
out
whether students found them useful or enjoyable/should
find variety of means t
o keep track of their students’
progress

to describe learning and teaching
What do we know about language learning
Unconscious learning in natural circumstance
Contact with language for the purpose of communication
Elements
necessary
to
learn
langua
ge
in
the
‘real’
world

Exposure motivation use

Element for language learning in classroom:
Engage:
to
arouse the
students’
interest,
thus
involving
their emotions
Study: to focus on language or information and how it is
constructed
Activate:
to
try
out
real
language
use
to
rehearse
for
the
real world

Esa sequence
Teacher’s
responsibility
to
vary
the
sequences
and
content of our lessons
Straight arrow sequence esa
Boomerang sequence easa
“Patchwork” sequence eaasasea etc.


Teaching models:
Grammar translation
Audio-lingualism
PPP
TBL
CLT

6. how to teach language
What does language study consist of:
Be exposed to it
Understand its meaning
Understand its form
Practice it

Why do students make mistakes
Part of the natural process of learning
Learning
is
a
gradual
development
involving
different
stages
Appears
to
regress
but
actually
they
are
advancing.
Accuracy sometimes doesn’t mean full mastery.


How should teacher correct students
Point out
Ask classmates to help out
Not let the student fell humiliated
Students sometimes enjoy helping each other

7. How to teach reading
Strategic reading
Fluent reading