fat是什么意思啊How to teach english by Jeremy Harmer 归纳总结

2021年1月19日发(作者：舵)
to be a good teacher?
What makes a good teacher?
Make their lesson interesting.
Love his job
Has his own personality and doesn
’
t hide it from the students.

Lots of knowledge, not only his subject
Entertainer who can amuse students

Friendly and can help solve problems
Has an affinity with the students
Try and draw out quite ones/control more talkative ones
Can correct people without offending them
Helps rather than shouts
Know students
’
name

Class management
—
the ability to control and inspire a class

How should teachers talk to students
Rough
tune
their
language
to
the
students
’

levels:
exaggerated
tone
of
voice/less
complex
grammatical structures/less difficult words/eye contact
Physical movement
–
gestures/expressions/mime

How to give instructions:
They must be kept as simple as possible/be logical
Check if they understand

How to talk in class:
Balance stt and ttt(comprehensible input). Maxim STT

What are the best kinds of lesson?
Balance between predictable safety and unexpected variety

How important is it to follow a prearranged plan:
Concentrated
on
the
teacher
’
s
ability
to
respond
flexibly
to
what
happens
in
class,
even
while
attempting to follow a pre-arranged plan.

How to be a good learner
The hours they spend practicing and always do homework/age/level

How important the students
’
motivation
Integrative motivation>instrumental motivation


Who is responsible for learning?
Good learners take some responsibility learning themselves/encourage self- studying
Characters that good classroom learners share: the desirability to using proper learning skills
A
willingness
to
listen/to
experiment/to
ask
questions/to
think
about
how
to
learn/accept
correction
Adult
learner:
also
can
be
disruptive
like
adolescents/nervous
about
learning/more
world
knowledge/greater tolerance for
“serious
learning
”
.
Balance serious study of English with the more entertaining activities.


Different levels:

Beginners
(false
beginners)(elementary)(lower
intermediate)
intermediate(upper
intermediate)
advanced
Rough tune
–
different language level/different questions
Different activities: pronunciation practice/simple introduction dialogue/abstract discussion


3. how to manage teaching and learning:

Teachers
’
physical presence in class:

Proximity
: how close
Appropriacy
: crouching down/same level
movement
: move around the class to some extent.

Make
contact
with students(esp eye contact)

How to use their voice:
Audibility clearly heard without shouting in a disagreeable way
Variety stress the need for variety
Conservation take good care of their voice

How to mark the stage of lesson:
Mark
stages
and
changes
clearly
so
that
students
know
what
’
s
going
on.
Good
teachers
know
how to start the class and also know how to close it so that there was a feeling of completeness.

Sitting arrangement:

Orderly rows keep in touch with what
’
s going on and involve all the students
Circles and horseshoes teacher dominated

Separate tables tongshang

Student grouping:
Whole class
Group work and pair work
Solowork

Teacher also should evaluate themselves
Try
out
new
techniques/evaluate
themselves/find
out
whether
students
found
them
useful
or
enjoyable/should find variety of means to keep track of their students
’
progress

to describe learning and teaching

What do we know about language learning

Unconscious learning in natural circumstance
Contact with language for the purpose of communication
Elements necessary to learn language in the
‘
real
’
world
Exposure motivation use

Element for language learning in classroom:

Engage: to arouse the students
’
interest, thus involving their emotions
Study: to focus on language or information and how it is constructed
Activate: to try out real language use to rehearse for the real world

Esa sequence
Teacher
’
s responsibility to vary the sequences and content of our lessons
Straight arrow sequence esa
Boomerang sequence easa
“P
atchwork
”
sequence eaasasea etc.

Teaching models:
Grammar translation
Audio-lingualism
PPP
TBL
CLT

6. how to teach language
What does language study consist of:
Be exposed to it

Understand its meaning
Understand its form
Practice it

Why do students make mistakes
Part of the natural process of learning

Learning is a gradual development involving different stages
Appears
to
regress
but
actually
they
are
advancing.
Accuracy
sometimes
doesn
’
t
mean
full
mastery.

How should teacher correct students
Point out
Ask classmates to help out
Not let the student fell humiliated
Students sometimes enjoy helping each other


7. How to teach reading