peak是什么意思新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)Lecture Notes_U2

2021年1月19日发(作者：relation)

Electronic Teaching Portfolio
Book Four
Unit Two: Man and Technology

Part I Get Started

Section A Discussion
▇
Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.
1)

What changes have taken place in our life with the advancement of technology?
2)

Do you think technology makes your life easier? Could you give some examples?
3)

Is the advancement of technology always a good thing?

▇
Answers for reference:
1)

With the advancement of technology, our health has been improved; production has been increased; human
labor has been decreased; people’s mental horizons have been
broadened, and what is most important is
that people live longer and better.
2)

Yes. Take the Internet for example. With the access to the Internet I can learn what is going on all around
the world. I can get the latest information about my present studies at college. And I can communicate
with others via e-mail, which saves me a lot of time and money. Another example is the rapid development
of
various
means
of
transportation.
Planes,
trains
and
cars
have
made
my
travel
easier
and
more
convenient.

3)

No.
Technology
is
a
double-edged
sword
which
can
be
used
equally
for
good
or
evil.
For
example,
technology has found wide application in the medical field. However, owing to technology, weapons of
mass destruction have been invented and used in wars in which large numbers of innocent people have
been killed.


Section B Quotes
▇

Study the following quotes about man and technology and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.


⊙
The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.

—
Isaac Asimov

Interpretation:
This
quote
tells
us
that
knowledge
is
not
wisdom.
Knowledge
alone
does
not
necessarily
make
us
wiser.
Although
science
has
brought
about
a
rapid
growth
in
knowledge,
today’s

society
has
not
witnessed
any
corresponding increase in wisdom. And what we are in desperate need of today is wisdom rather than scientific
knowledge, for knowledge helps us make a living while wisdom helps us make a life.


Isaac Asimov

About Isaac Asimov:

Isaac Asimov
(1920-1992): a US science fiction writer. Born in Russia, he was brought to the USA when he
was three and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. He studied chemistry at Columbia University and developed a
career both as an academic biochemist and as a science fiction writer. Among his best known novels are the
“Foundation
Series
”
―
Foundation
(
《
基地
》
) (1951),
Foundation and Empire
(
《
基地与帝国
》
)
(1952), and
1


Second
Foundation
(
《
第二基地
》
)

(1953),
etc.
He
is
also
well-known
for
his
textbooks
and
works
of
popular science.

⊙
Education makes machines which act like men and produces men who act like machines.
—
Erich Fromm
Interpretation:
This quote questions the rigidity of the formal educational systems. Machines are often considered as being
controlled by others and have no individual thoughts. This quote indicates that the formal educational system
controls the development of students and washes away the individual creativity.


Erich Fromm
About Erich Fromm:
Erich
Fromm
(
1900-1980
):
German-born
American
psychoanalyst.
His
works,
which
include
Escape
from
Freedom
(
《逃离自由》
),
Man
for
Himself

(
《利己者》
)
and
The
Sane
Society

(
《健全的社会》
),
emphasize the role of culture in neurosis and strongly criticize materialist values.

⊙
The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.

—

Karl Marx


Interpretation:
According to Marx, under capitalism, overproduction leads to economic crises and unemployment.


Karl Marx
About Karl Marx:

Karl Marx
(1818-1883): a German philosopher, social scientist, historian and revolutionary. Karl Marx was
the
most
influential
socialist
thinker
of
the
19th
century.
With
Friedrich
Engels,
he
wrote
the
Communist
Manifesto
(1848) and other works. Exiled from Europe after the Revolutions of 1848, Marx lived in London,
where he worked on his monumental work
Das Kapital
(
Capital
), in which he used dialectical materialism to
analyze economic and social history. Marxism has greatly influenced the development of socialist thought.

⊙
It is difficult to say what is impossible, for the dreams of yesterday are the hopes of today, and the realities
of tomorrow.

—
Robert H. Goddard

Interpretation:
Advances in science and technology have given birth to many things once only dreamed of.


Robert H. Goddard

2


About Robert H. Goddard:
Robert H. Goddard
(1882-1945): an American physicist. Goddard is looked upon as one of the three main
founders of modern rocketry, along with Tsiolkovsky and Oberth. He launched the first liquid-fueled rocket on
March 16, 1926. The flight lasted just 2.5 seconds, reaching an altitude of 12.3 meters and landing 55.2 meters
from the launch site.

Section C Watching and Discussion
▇
Watch the following video clip “
Inception
” and do the tasks
that follow:
插入视频片段：

“

”

1.

Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip.
—
You create the world of the dream. You
’
ll bring the subject into that dream, and then they feel it in their
subconscious.
—
How could you ever acquire enough detail to make him think that
’
s reality?
—
Our dreams. We feel real
while we’re in them. It’s only when we
wake up that we realize something
actually strange. May I ask you a question? You never really remember the beginning of your dreams,
do you? You always wind up right
in the middle of what’s going on.


2.

Discuss the topic with your group members: Are you sometimes troubled by your dreams? Share one of
your unusual dreams with your peers.
▇
Answers for reference:

(Open.)

Script
：

Inception
COBB
: You create the world of the dream. You’ll bring the subject into that
dream, and then they feel it
in their subconscious.
ARIADNE
: How could you ever acquire
enough detail to make him think that’s reality?

COBB
:

Our
dreams.
We
feel
real
while
we’re
in
them.
It’s
only
when
we
wake
up
that
we
realize
something actually strange. May I ask you a question? You never really remember the beginning of your
dreams, do you? You always wind up right in the middle of what’s going on.

ARIADNE
: I guess. Yeah.
COBB
: So ... how did we end up here?
ARIADNE
: We just came here from the...
COBB
: Think about it, Ariadne. How did you get here? Where are you right now?
ARIADNE
: Oh my God. We’re dreaming.

COBB
: We’re actually asleep in the workshop right now. This is your first lesson in shared dreaming,
remember?
Part II Listen and Respond
Section A Word Bank
evolve

v.
develop gradually by a long continuous process
（使）演变；
（使）进化

shuttle
★


n.
a spacecraft that can be used more than once
航天飞机

prolong
★


vt.
make longer; lengthen
延长，拉长，拖长


Section B
Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas
Choose the best answer to each of the following
questions according to the information contained in the
listening passage.


3


1) What is the main idea of the passage?
A) The rapid changing world we live in.
B) The important role the Internet plays in our life.
C) The important role technology plays in our life.
D) The important role modern transportation plays in our life.
2) What does the passage say about the Internet?
A) It provides us with the quickest means for communication.
B) It provides us with the quickest means to collect information.
C) It provides us with the quickest means to talk to each other.
D) It provides us with modern means of transportation.
3) Why is the journey to the outer space not a dream any more?
A) Because people can go anywhere now.
B) Because people can travel to the outer space by airplane now.
C) Because the modern means of transportation makes the journey smoother.
D) Because people can travel to the outer space by rockets and space shuttles.
4) How does technology help prolong our life?
A) Patients can go anywhere to seek modern medicine.
B) With modern medicine, people with cancer do not suffer from the pain.
C) With modern medicine, people with AIDs do not suffer from the pain.
D) With modern medicine, some deadly diseases can be treated now.
5) How does technology expand our vision of the world?
A) It gives us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.
B) It makes our life easier and more convenient.
C) It helps us spread our ideas more quickly.
D) It brings us more advanced products.
▇
Answers for Reference:
1)

C 2) B 3) D 4) D 5) A

Section C Task Two: Zooming in on the Details
▇

Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.
Firstly, technology shortens the distance between people and makes 1) __________ much easier. Today,
the Internet is widely used not only for the 2) __________ of information but also for correspondence.
Secondly, modern means of 3) __________, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey 4)
__________ and faster. With the help of modern transportation, we can go almost anywhere we want to. To
journey into 5) __________ space is not a dream any more. Rockets and space 6) __________ have made the
dream come true.
Thirdly,
modern
medicine
prolongs
our
life
and
7)
__________
patients
from
pain.
Some
deadly
8)
__________, such as cancer and AIDs can be treated now, and we can live longer and better.
Last
but
not
least,
technology
expands
our
9)
__________
of
the
world.
It
provides
us
with
larger
10)
__________ by giving us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.

▆
Answers:
Firstly, technology shortens the distance between people and makes 1)
communication
much easier. Today,
the Internet is widely used not only for the 2)
collection
of information but also for correspondence.
Secondly, modern means of 3)
transportation
, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey 4)
smoother

and
faster.
With
the
help
of
modern
transportation,
we
can
go
almost
anywhere
we
want
to.
To
journey into 5)
outer
space is not a dream any more. Rockets and space 6)
shuttles
have made the dream come
true.
Thirdly, modern medicine prolongs our life and 7)
relieves
patients from pain. Some deadly 8)
diseases
, such
as cancer and AIDs can be treated now, and we can live longer and better.
4


Last but not least, technology expands our 9)
vision
of the world. It provides us with larger 10)
possibilities
by
giving us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.

Script:

What Has Technology Brought Us?
Technology plays a vital role in our society. It makes our life more comfortable and convenient. Without it,
we couldn’t evolve or cope up with the ever changing world we live in.

Firstly, technology shortens the distance between people and makes communication much easier. Today,
the Internet is widely used not only for the collection of information but also for correspondence.
Secondly,
modern
means
of
transportation,
such
as
airplanes
and
high- speed
trains
make
our
journey
smoother
and
faster.
With
the
help
of
modern
transportation,
we
can
go
almost
anywhere
we
want
to.
To
journey into outer space and other planets is not a dream any more. Rockets and space shuttles have made the
dream come true.
Thirdly, modern medicine prolongs our life and relieves patients from pain. Some deadly diseases, such as
cancer and AIDS can be treated now, and we can live longer and better.
Last but not least, technology expands our vision of the world. It provides us with larger possibilities by
giving us ideas that never occurred to us in the past.
It is hard to imagine what the world would be like without technology.

Part III Read and Explore
Text A
Section A Discovering the Main Ideas
1.
Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.
1)

2)

3)

4)

Did material and technological advances make Americans happier according to the survey?
What is the relationship between money and happiness according to Easterlin?
How does technology affect human relationships according to the author?
In which field does technology have the most important impact on
people’s sense of well
-being according
to the author?
What does the author think of the relationship between technology and happiness?
5)


▆
Answers for Reference:
1)

No. The survey showed that the majority of Americans did not become happier with the advancement of
technology. In fact, the percentage of people who say
they are “very happy” has fallen slightly since the
early 1970s, even though their income has increased considerably.
2)

According to Easterlin, money cannot make people happier after a certain point, that is, when people are
able to meet the needs for a decent life.
3)

According
to
the
author,
with
technological
inventions
such
as
linked
databases,
the
Internet
and
TV,
people have less privacy and less time for real world communication. As a result, they tend to be more
lonely and depressed.
4)

The most important impact of technology on people’s life is in the field of
health care. The development
of medical technology has greatly increased
people’s life expectancy and improved their quality of life.
So the vast majority of people are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off
they feel they’ll be.

5)

On
the
whole,
the
author
holds
that
technology
and
happiness
are
not
necessarily
closely
related.
Throughout
the
text,
the
author
cites
examples
to
illustrate
that
the
advances
in
technology
do
not
necessarily make people happier.

2.

Text A can be divided into five Parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write
down the main idea of each part.

5


Part
One


Two


Three


Four


Five

Paragraph(s)
1-2

3-5

6-9

10

11
Main Idea
________ ________________________________________
_____ ___________________________________________
__ ______________________________________________

_________________________________________ _______
______________________________________ __________
___________________________________ _____________

___________________________ _____________________
________________________ ________________________
_____________________ ___________________________

_____________ ___________________________________
__________ ______________________________________
_______ _________________________________________

________________________________________________
______________________________________________ __
___________________________________________ _____

▆

▆
Answers for Reference:


Part
Paragraph(s)
1-2
One


Two


Three


Four


Five


3-5

6-9

10

11
Main Idea
Material
and
technological
advances
do
not
really
bring
happiness
to
people
in
the
developed
countries.
Though
Americans now are wealthier than they were in the middle
of
the
last
century,
they
are
not
happier
than
they
used
to
be.

Technology
and
happiness
are
not
necessarily
closely
correlated
because
people
adapt
to
technological
progress
too quickly.

The current comments on technology have mostly centered
on
the
bad
effects
of
technology
on
human
relationships
rather than particular, harmful technologies.

The most important impact of technology on
people’s sense
of well-being is in the field of health care.

People in general claim that on a deeper level, technology
cannot bring happiness to them, which is just contradictory
to the fact that it
has greatly improved people’s health and

life expectancy.

Section B In-depth Study
In the present era, all of us are enthusiastically pursuing technological advancement and take it for
granted that the development of technology will make us happier. However, little evidence can be found to
prove the correlation between technology and happiness once material and technological advances reach a
certain level. The text below may provide you with some insights into this issue.

6


Technology and Happiness
James Surowiecki
1 In the 20th century, Americans, Europeans, and East Asians enjoyed material and technological advances
that were unimaginable in previous eras. In the United States, for instance, gross domestic product per capita
tripled from 1950 to 2000. Life expectancy soared. The
boom
in
productivity
after World War II made goods
better and cheaper
at the same time
. Things that were once luxuries, such as jet travel and long-distance phone
calls, became necessities. And even though Americans seemed to work extraordinarily hard, their pursuit of
entertainment turned media and leisure into multibillion-dollar industries.
2 By most standards, then, you would have to say that Americans
are better off
now than they were in the
middle of the last century. Oddly, though, if you ask Americans how happy they are, you find that they are no
happier than they were in 1946 (which is when
formal

surveys
of happiness started). In fact, the percentage of
people who say they are “very happy” has fallen slightly since the early 1970
s
—
even though the income of
people born in 1940 has,
on average
, increased by 116 percent over the course of their working lives. You can
find similar data for most developed countries.
3



The
relationship
between
happiness
and
technology
has
been
an
eternal
subject
for
social
critics

and
philosophers since the
advent
of the Industrial Revolution.
But it’s been left largely unexamined by economists
and
social
scientists.

The
truly
groundbreaking
work
on
the
relationship
between
prosperity

and
well-being
was done by the economist
Richard Easterlin, who in 1974 wrote a famous paper entitled “Does Economic
Growth Improve the Human Lot?” Easterlin showed that
when it came to
developed countries, there was no
real correlation between a nation’s income level and its citizens’ happiness. Money, Easterlin argued, could not
buy
happiness
—

at
least
not
after
a
certain
point.
Easterlin
showed
that
though
poverty
was
strongly
correlated
with
misery,
once
a country
was
solidly
middle-class,
getting
wealthier
did
not
seem
to
make
its
citizens any happier.
4



This
seems
to
be
close
to

a
universal

phenomenon
.
In
fact,
one
of
happiness
scholars’
most
important
insights is that people adapt very quickly to good news. Take lottery winners for example. One famous study
showed
that
although
winners
were
very,
very
happy
when
they
won,
their
extreme
excitement
quickly
evaporated, and after a while their moods and sense of well-being were indistinguishable from what they had
been before the victory.
5 So, too, with technology: no matter how dramatic a new innovation is, no matter how much easier it makes
our lives, it is very easy to take it for granted. You can see this principle at work in the world of technology
every
day,
as
things
that
once
seemed
miraculous
soon
become
common
and,
worse,
frustrating
when
they
don’t work perfectly. It’s hard, it turns out, to keep in mind what things were like before the new technology
came along.
6 Does our fast assimilation of technological progress mean, then, that technology
makes no difference
? No.
It
just
makes
the
question
of
technology’s
impact,
for
good
or
ill
,
more
complicated.
Let’s
start
with
the
downside. There are certain ways in which technology makes life obviously worse. Telemarketing, traffic jams,
and identity theft all
come to mind
. These are all phenomena that make people consciously unhappy.
But for
the most part, modern critiques of technology have focused not so much on specific, bad technologies as on the
impact of technology on our human relationships.

7 Privacy has become increasingly fragile in a world of linked databases. In many workplaces, technologies
like keystroke monitoring and full recordings of phone calls make it easier to watch workers.
The notion that
technology
disrupts
relationships
and
fractures
community
gained
mainstream
prominence
as
an
attack
on
television.
Some even say that TV is chiefly responsible for the
gradual

isolation
of Americans from each other.
Similarly
, some others stress the harmful effects of the Internet, which supposedly further isolates people from
what is often called “the real world”.

8
This broad criticism of technology’s impact on relationships is an interesting one and is especially relevant
to the question of happiness, because one of the few things we can say
for certain
is that the more friends and
the closer relationships people have, the happier they tend to be.
9 Today, technological change is so rapid that when you buy something, you do so knowing that in a few
months there’s going to be a better, faster version of the product, and that you’re going to
be stuck with
the old
o
ne. Someone else, in other words, has it better. It’s as if disappointment were
built into
acquisition from the
very beginning.
10 Daily stress, an annoying sense of disappointment, fear that the government knows a lot more about you
7


than you would like it to
—

these are obviously some of the ways in which technology reduces people’s sense
of well-
being. But the most important impact of technology on people’s sense of well
-being is in the field of
health
care.
Before
the
Industrial
Revolution,
two
out
of
every
three
Europeans
died
before
the
age
of
30.
Today, life expectancy for women in Western Europe is almost 80 years, and it continues to increase. The point
is obvious: the vast majority of people are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off
they feel they’ll be. But until very recently, life for the vast majority of people was
nasty
,
rough
, and short.
Technology
has
changed
that,
at
least
for
people
in
the
rich
world. As
much
as
we
should
worry
about
the
rising cost of he
alth care and the problem of the uninsured, it’s also worth remembering how valuable for our
spirits as well as our bodies are the benefits that medical technology has brought us.
11 On a deeper level,
what the technological improvement of our health and our longevity emphasizes is a
paradox of any discussion of happiness on a national or a global level
: even though people may not be happier,
even though they are wealthier and possess more technology, they’re still as hungry as ever for more time. It’s
like that old joke: the food may not be so great, but we want the portions to be as big as possible.

（此课文没有更新，不需要配图说明。
）


▇

课文参考译文

技术与幸福

詹姆斯·萨洛维奇


1 20
世纪的美国人、欧洲人和东亚人都享受到了过去历代人都无法想象的物质和技术进 步带来的乐
趣。譬如，在美国，从
1950
年到
2000
年国民生产 总值翻了
3
倍。人们的寿命大幅度提高。二战后生
产力的迅速发展使商品变得价廉物美 。诸如乘飞机旅游和打长途电话等曾经是奢侈的事情成了生活不
可或缺的一部分。

2
那么，根据大多数标准衡量，你会说，现在的美国人比上个世纪中叶富裕多了。不过，奇怪的是，
如果你问美国人有多幸福，你会发现，他们并不比
1946
年时幸福（
1946年正式开始对幸福状况进行
调查）
。事实上，那些说自己“非常幸福”的人所占的比例自< br>20
世纪
70
年代以来一直稳中有降——尽
管
20
世 纪
40
年代出生的人的收入在他们的工作生涯中平均增长了
116
％。你可以 在大多数发达国家
找到相似的数据。

3
自工业革命开始以来，幸福与 技术之间的关系一直是社会批评家和哲学家们长期研究的课题，然
而，基本上还没有受到经济学家和社会 学家们的关注。经济学家理查德

?

伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福
的 关系方面进行了具有开拓性的研究，并于
1974
年发表了一篇题为“经济增长改变人类命运吗 ？”的
著名论文。伊斯特林表明，就发达国家而言，一个国家的收入和国民的幸福之间没有真正的相互关 系。
伊斯特林认为，金钱买不到幸福，至少在（金钱）达到了一定程度以后是如此。伊斯特林认为，尽管
贫穷与苦难密不可分，但是，一个国家一旦达到稳定的中产接济水平，富有似乎并没有让其国民感到更多的幸福。

4
这好像几乎是一种普遍现象。实际上，研究幸福的学者们 最重要的观点之一是：人们对好消息很
快便习以为常。拿彩票中奖者为例。一项重要的研究表明，尽管买 彩票中奖的人中奖时会感到非常非
常幸福，可这种兴奋很快就消逝了。一段时间之后，他们的心情和幸福 感与中奖之前没有什么两样。

5
人们对待技术的态度也是一样的：无论一种新 事物多么引人注目，也无论它使我们的生活变得多
么舒适，人们都认为这是理所当然的事情。在技术世界 ，你每天都会看到这一原则起作用。曾经一度
被视为非常神奇的东西很快就变得习以为常，更糟的是，当 这些东西运转不正常时，还会令人沮丧。
要把新技术问世之前的情形牢记在心原来是如此困难！

6
那么，我们对技术进步的快速吸收是否意味着技术没有发挥什么作用呢？不，决非如此 。不论好
歹，这只是把技术影响的问题变得更加复杂。我们先从负面影响谈起。在某些方面，技术显然使 得生
活更加糟糕了。譬如，我们马上会想到话推销、交通阻塞以及身份资料失窃等情况。这些都是让人们
明显意识到不幸福的现象。可是，现代的技术评论文章多半都没有把焦点集中在具体的、有害的技术上，而是集中在了技术对人际关系的影响上。

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在联了网的数据库世界里，隐私变得越来越脆弱。在许多工作场所，诸如按键监控和电话全程录
音之类的技术使得对员工的监视变得更加容易。人们对电视的攻击主要集中在以下方面：技术扰乱了
人际 关系、破坏了社区交往。一些人甚至说，电视是美国人逐渐相互疏远的罪魁祸首。同样也有人认
为，互联 网的负面影响进一步使人远离了我们常说的“真实世界”
。

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这种广 义上关于技术影响人际关系的批评颇有趣味，尤与幸福的问题相关，因为我们真正有把握
说清楚的事情没 有几件，但其中之一是：人们的朋友越多，关系越密切，就越幸福。

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今天的 技术变化异常神速，购买某种产品时你就知道，再过几个月，比这个产品性能更好、运作
更快的款式就会 问世，而你却还得使用旧款式的产品。换句话说，别人买到的产品要比你的好。这种
失望感仿佛从开始购 买这件产品时就已经存在了。

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日常生活的压力，一种令人烦恼的失望感、对政府知道你的情况超出你所希望程度的恐惧感——

这些显然都是技术降低了人们幸福感的几个方面。然而，技术对人们的幸福感最重要的影响是在医疗保健方面。工业革命以前，每三个欧洲人就有两个的寿命不足
30
岁。今天，西欧妇女的寿 命差不多是
80
岁，而且还会继续提高。道理很清楚：绝大多数人很乐意活下去，他们在地球上 生活的时间越长，
感觉就越好。可是，不久前，绝大多数人还过着龌龊不堪、畜生般的生活，而且生命非 常短暂。技术
改变了这种状况，至少对于富裕国家的人们来说是如此。我们在该为医疗保健费用的提高和 没有参加
保险的人们的问题而担忧的同时，也应该记住，医疗技术带给我们身体上和精神上的好处是多么 有价
值。

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从更深的层次上说，我们在健康和长寿方面所取得的进步 却强调了在国家和全球层面讨论幸福问
题的一个自相矛盾的说法。即使人们不会更幸福，即使他们更加富 裕并拥有更多技术，他们还会像以
前那样渴望长寿。这就像那个古老的笑话一样：食品也许并不好，可我 们都想让自己得到的那一份尽
量大。


Good Usage
(Para. 1)
gross domestic product
per capita
tripled from 1950 to 2000
Life expectancy soared.
at the same time
their pursuit of entertainment
turned … into …


Good Usage
(Para. 2)
by most standards
are better off
in the middle of the last century
on average
over the course of their working lives

Good Usage
(Para. 3)
an eternal subject
the advent of the Industrial Revolution
when it came to
at least
was strongly correlated with

Good Usage
(Para. 4)
be close to
a universal phenomenon
Take lottery winners for example.
sense of well- being
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were indistinguishable from

Good Usage
(Para. 5)
take it for granted
at work
it turns out
keep in mind
came along

Good Usage
(Para. 6)
makes no difference
for good or ill
come to mind
for the most part

Good Usage
(Para. 7)
disrupts relationships and fractures community
is chiefly responsible for
further isolates people from what is often called “the real world”


Good Usage
(Paras. 8-9)
is
… relevant to

for certain
tend to
be stuck with
in other words
were built into
from the very beginning

Good Usage
(Para. 10)
an annoying sense of disappointment
sense of well-being
in the field of
life expectancy
the vast majority of people
the rising cost of health care
as well as

Good Usage
(Para. 11)
on a deeper level
on a national or a global level
as hungry as ever for more time
The food may not be so great, but we want the portions to be as big as possible.

Key Words and Expressions for Text A

boom
n.

a (period of) rapid growth or increase
繁荣（时期）
，迅速增长（期）
，景气

e.g. The big tax cuts fuelled a consumer boom in the country.
We have to realize that the economic boom in 90s is over now.
我们必须要意识到
90
年代的经济繁荣已经结束了。



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productivity
n.

[U] the rate of producing goods, crops, etc.; the relationship between the amount that is produced and the
work, money, etc., that is needed to produce it
生产力；生产率，生产效率

e.g. He has invented a new production method, which improves productivity by 10% .
Productivity in the digital industry improved by 15% last year.
电子工业的生产率去年提高了
15%
。


at the same time
together
一齐；同时

e.g. At the good news she laughed and cried at the same time.
The celebrations were held at the same time in big cities all over the country.
庆祝活动同时在全国各大城市举行。


be better off
be in a more satisfactory or desirable situation
较自在；较幸运；较幸福

e.g. With a substantial cut in income tax, all wage-earners are better off now than before.
I feel better off living in a farm house in the countryside.
我觉得住在乡野的农舍里较自在。


formal
a.

esp. tech
(of words or a style of writing or speaking) suitable for official occasions, serious writing, etc., but
not for ordinary conversation
〖尤术语〗规范的；书面语要求的；正规的，正式的；公文的

e.g. Government reports are usually written in formal language.
We should be formal on business occasions, and never call anyone by their first name.
我们在商务场合应该讲究礼仪
,
不要对别人直呼其名。

Collocations:
formal curriculum
正式课程

formal dress
礼服

formal effectiveness
正式生效

formal style
正式文体


survey
n.

a general examination or study (of conditions, opinions, etc.), esp. carried out by asking people questions
调
查

e.g. I was stopped in the street by a girl doing a marketing survey.
The recent survey found that students wanted to spend more time practicing speaking in class.
最近的调查发现学生希望在课堂上有更多的时间练习口语。

CF: inquiry, investigation & survey
这些名词均有“调查”之意
。

inquiry
普通常用词，指正式调查，也指一般的打听或查询。例如：

*Out of curiosity, she made inquiries about the guy who dated her sister.
investigation一般指系统的调查，以了解希望发现或需要知道的事。例如：

*An investigation by airline officials has shown that the crash was caused by human error.
survey
多指为写书面报告而进行的民意测验或调查。例如：

*This report was based on a survey our group carried out in the past two months.

on average
in most cases; usually
大多情况下；通常；平均

e.g. On average, men still earn more than women in our society.
Adults in our country smoke on average five cigarettes every day.
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