honey什么意思研究生英语精读教程答案(下)分章节

2021年1月19日发(作者：右手定则)
研究生英语精读教程（下）答案

Unit 2
Exercise A
I
．
Comprehension


1
．
The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear
．
In the former case
，
some
direct
action
is
taken(for
example
，
lethal
injection
is
given
．
)
to
help
finishing
the
patient
’
s
unbearable pain for good
，
while in the latter
，
no direct action is taken
，
merely letting the patient
die
．



2
．
The attitude of AMA is somewhat contradictory
．
First
，
it states that mercy killing is contrary
to what the medical profession stands and also to its own policy
．
But then it goes on to say that the
advice and judgment of the doctor should be available to the patient and
／
or his family
．



3
．
A lethal injection is one which can
“
kill
”
the patient immediately
．
The author thinks that once
the decision not to prolong the patient's agony is made
，
to give him a lethal injection is the best
choice
．
Otherwise the patient will suffer more rather than less
．



4
．
The
most
painful
thing
to
do
for
a
surgeon
is
to
stand
by
and
watch
a
savable
baby
die
because his very duty is to use the scalpel to fight off death
．



5
．
Some people are opposed to all kinds of euthanasia because they believe that all people have
the right to live
．



6
．
The author believes that the reason to let the baby die is only an excuse
．
And the real reason
is that the child has Down's syndrome because the operation is very simple
．



7
．
No
，
killing someone is not morally worse than letting someone die
．
(An example is omitted
．
)


8
．
What the doctor does in active euthanasia is only for humane reasons
．
In a civil case of
killing
，
however
，
the person acts from the motive of personal gain
．
That's the main difference
．



9
．
Mercy killing and conventional euthanasia are the same thing
，
because in both cases the
passive part the doctor plays is emphasized
．



10
．
The attitude of AMA in its statement is contradictory
．
First
，
it forbids mercy killing, but then
it
goes
on
to
deny
that
the
cessation
of
treatment
is
the
intentional
termination
of
life
．
This
is
where the mistake is made, for the former is none other than the 1atter
．

Ⅱ．
V
ocabulary




1
．
C



2
．
A



3
．
A



4
．
B



5
．
A




6
．
C



7
．
C



8
．
D



9
．
A



10
．
D




11
．
B



12
．
B



13
：
D



14
．
D



15
．
B




16
．
C



17
．
A



18
．
D



19
．
A



20
．
D
Ⅲ．
Cloze




1
．
B



2
．
A



3
．
C



4
．
D



5
．
C




6
．
A



7
．
B



8
．
A



9
．
C



10
．
B




11
．
D



12
．
A



13
．
B



14
．
B



15
．
C
Ⅳ．
Translation
A
．没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。青春时 期有一种永恒的感觉，使我们能自我纠正，适
应一切事物。
年轻人酷似神仙。
虽半生一 晃就过去了，
还有下半生带着无限的宝藏给我们储
备着，因为前程远大，希望无穷。这个新的时 代是属于我们年轻人的。
“一个远大无边的前
景展开在我们面前。
”我们环顾周围这个 新的世界，充满着生命，活跃和不断的进步；我们
自身感到朝气蓬勃，
精神焕发，
紧跟 时代步伐。没有任何征兆会使我们预感到有朝一日，自

1
己行将落伍，沦入老年，而最终掉进墓穴中去。

B
．
1
．
Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge
；
it is thinking that makes
what we read ours
．



2
．
Houses should be built so as to admit plenty of light as well as of fresh air
．



3
．
There is but one safe way for every young person starting in life
，
whatever the business
may be
．



4
．
When you write an article
，
be sure to set out the points of your argument carefully
．



5
．
While it seems unlikely that such a radical proposition will pass
，
the fact means this is
an issue we will soon be facing nationally
．



6
．
So what's wrong with the argument that a dying
，
pain wracked patient should be able to
ask his or her physician for a prescription for a fatal overdose? Practically speaking
，
the
first place
，
if pain medication is liberally and properly used
，
there is virtually no patient
who cannot be kept comfortable with it
．
Admittedly
，
in some cases these doses may
have to be SO strong that they will lead to respiratory depression and hasten death
．
But
the goal of such medication is to relieve pain
，
not bring about death
．
So it will be a
crucial problem
，
if the patient dies from over dose
．

Writing
Euthanasia Mercy Killing


Reasons
for
the
latest
surge
of
interest
in
euthanasia
are
not
hard
to
find
．
People
everywhere in the world are living longer
，
so that lingering chronic diseases have replaced
critical illnesses as the primary cause of death
．
This has not only brought great agony to the
old people and their relatives but also resulted in a lot of social problems
．
Those who are for
“
mercy
killing
”
argue
that
every
human
being
should
have
the
right
to
die
with
dignity
．
Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia contend that the right should be accorded
only to the terminally and incurably i11
．
However
，
some people believe active euthanasia is
a criminal act and so does aiding a suicide
．
They take such acts as
“
a case of barbarism
”
unworthy of our civilization
．





I think
“mercy killing”
is different from murdering both legally and morally
．
We do not
impose
death
on
anyone
but
seek
the
individual's
right
to
determine
when
and
how
to
die
．
Anyway
，
people
live
in
the
world
in
order
to
enjoy
themselves
and
make
others
happy
．
So when one's living becomes a burden to others as well as to himself
，
living loses its
meaning
．
What's wrong with him if the terminally ill wants to relieve himself from its endless
pain and sorrow and be more considerate of his close relatives?
Exercise B
I
．
1
．
surroundings




2
．
pledge






3
．
pet
4
．
onset











5
．
fellow






6
．
paradise


7
．
orphan










8
．
utensils





9
．
pessimist


10
．
transportation



11
．
transformer

12
．
plague


13
．
inclinations





14
．
incentive



15
．
fusion


16
．
ideology
Ⅱ．
1
．
will quench




2
．
Massage




3
．
wither



4
．
were bugged



5
．
crooked





6
．
shrugged



7
．
salute









8
．
to propagate

9
．
narrated



10
．
be greased

2
Ⅲ．
1
．
to wink
—
wink




2
．
N




3
．
N




4
．
(doubt)in
——
of








5
．
1egible
——
more legible




6
．
(comply)on
——
with




7
．
N




8
．
(an invasion)in
—
of




9
．
into
—
from




10
．
for
—
to




11
．
N




12
．
In
—
On
IV
．
1
．
in

















2
．
in
，
which






3
．
into
，
if




4
．
on
，
of













5
．
into
，
of








6
．
what




7
．
until















8
．
of
，
that
，
by




9
．
at
，
of, that




10
．
that
，
for










11
．
of
，
as
，
of






12
．
in
，
near

13
．
at, with











14
．
since
，
on
，
in




15
．
to
，
from
，
of




16
．
about
，
which






17
．
if
，
so that









18
．
At
，
in
，
under







19
．
which
，
to
，
by





20
．
on
，
that











21
．
of
，
which
，
in
，
as

Supplementary Reading
1
．
Marie
and
her
daughter
Rose
were
in
favor
of
having
euthanasia
while
Marie's
doctor
didn't quite approve of it
．

2
．
Because there is sophisticated machinery t0 extend a patient's life
，
and the real control is in
the
hands
of
a
tangled
bureaucracy
．
It
cannot
be
decided
just
by
the
doctors
and
the
patients
．

3
．
More and more people began to accept the idea of euthanasia
．

4
．
It is a kind of suicide manual
，
telling a terminally
—
ill patient how to end his or her life
．

5
．
No
．
refers to death by euthanasia
．

6
．
It is o tell others what medical treatment a patient wants or does not want when he is no
longer able to express his wishes
7
．
No
．
The sentence rather implies that the hospital may not end a patient's life as he wishes
．

8
．
Because
he
was
not
sure
whether
he
was
doing
the
right
thing
concerning
a
conflict
between the two ideals
—
sustaining life and relieving suffering
．

9
．
It is not easy because of the complicated factors involved such as the voluntariness of the
patient and the complex ethics of medical technology
．

10
．
Yes
．
According to him
，
how we die is a personal choice
，
which means he is in favor of
euthanasia
．








3
Unit 4
Key to the Exercises
Exercise A

I
．
Comprehension


1
．
C

2
．
B

3
．
A

4
．
C

5
．
D






6
·
A

7
．
B

8
．
D

9
．
C

10
．
D
Ⅱ·
Vocabulary

A
·
1
·
D



2
．
A



3
．
B



4
．
C



5
．
D




6
·
D



7
．
B



8
．
C



9
．
A



10
．
C

B
·
11
·
B



12
．
A



13
．
C

14
．
A

15
．
B




16
·
C



17
．
A



18
．
C

19
．
C

20
．
A
Ⅲ．
Cloze


1
．
A

2
．
C

3
．
B

4
．
A

5
．
C


6
·
B




7
．
C




8
．
C




9
．
A




10
．
D


11
·
D



12
．
A



13
．
C



14
．
C



15
．
B
IV
．
Translation

A
．
1969
年
7
月
20
日，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为地球上第一个站在导一个世界 上的人。
当时，全世界有
7
．
5
亿观众在他们的电视屏幕上注视着那 些模糊的图像。在美国人看
来，他们在这项振奋人心的成就上所花费的金钱和付出的努力是很值得的。登 月探索
已赋予美国的科学技术以新的活力，而且给工业和军方带来了无法估计的好处。最惊
人的 是，
仅仅在约翰·
F
·
肯尼迪总统宣布月球探测器为国家优先考虑的项目八年 之后，
“天鹰号”就登上了月球。

B
．
1
．
Nobody believes that seventy
—
year
—
old man is credited with being able to jump onto
a moving train
．



2
．
He embraced at once my offer to employ him
．



3
．
His eccentric character has intrigued many biographers
．



4
．
For years Jones kept coming up with new and good ideas
．



5
．
The scene is now set for a direct confrontation between the major powers
．



6
．
The U
．
S
．
Space Commission in a report in May
，
1 986 had proposed for the erection
of
a
lunar
base
before
201
7
，
and
a
base
on
Mars
before
2027
．
Since
then
，
the
U
．
S
．


National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration(NASA)
has
made
the
construction of a stronghold on the surface of the moon and manned flights to Mars as
the target of its future activities and unfolded specialized studies for manned flights to
Mars
．

V
．
Writing




The Dislike for Original
，
Creative Men in Our Society




In our new society there is a growing dislike of original
，
creative men
．
The manipulated
do not understand them; the manipulators fear them. The tidy committee men regard them
with horror
，
knowing that no pigeonholes can be found for them. We could do with a few
original
，
creative men in our political life
～
if only to create some enthusiasm
，
release some
energy--but
where
are
they?
We
are
asked
to
choose
between
various
shades
of
the
negative. ·
The engine is falling to pieces while the joint owners of the car argue whether the
footbrake or the handbrake should be applied. Notice how the cold, colourless men
，
without
ideas and with no other passion but a craving for success
，
get on in this society, capturing one

4
plum after another and taking the juice and taste out of them. ·
Sometimes you might think the
machines
we
worship
make
all
the
chief
appointments
，
promoting
the
humanbeings
who
seem closest to them
．
Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old
wounds begin to ache
，
I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are
billions of people
，
all numbered and registered
，
with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an
original mind
，
a rich personality
，
on the whole packed globe
．
The twin ideals of our time
，
organization and quantity
，
will have won for ever
．

Exercise B
I. 1. inherent



2
．
planetary



3
．
tribal


4. pitiable



5
．
prescriptive

6
．
illegible


7. integral



8
．
thrifty





9
．
pitful


10. transient



11
．
spiritual
．
12. Suburban

．



13. portable



14
．
illogical

15
．
preliminary


16
．
Rural
Ⅱ·
1
·
C

2
·
A

3
．
D

4
．
A

5
．
B

6
．
C

7
．
A


8
．
D



9
．
C

10
．
B

11
．
D

Ⅲ．
1
．
of
—
with




2
．
N




3
．
due to
——
due




4
．
in
——
on




5
．
with
——
to




6
．
(franchise)for
——
t0




7
．
N




8
．
the quickly--the more quickly




9
．
into
——
in




10
．
are
—
is


IV
．
1
．
without



2
．
of
／
what



3
．
that
／
before




4
．
above
／
for
／
in



5
．
from
／
during 6
．
about




7
．
Whenever
／
like 8
．
at
／
when



9
．
into(to)
／
on




10. at



11
．
of
／
that
／
in 12
．
for
／
because




13
．
with
／
so that
／
about 14
．
that
／
before 15
．
for




1 6. that
／
when



1 7
．
as[for]
／
at 1 8．
as
／
against
／
if
／
into




1 9
．
against
／
to
／
of



20
．
When
／
in




Supplementary Reading




1
．
F

2
．
F



3
．
T 4
．
T



5
．
F




6
．
F

7
．
F 8
．
T



9
．
T



10
．
F









5
Unit 6
Key to the Exercises
Exercise A
I
．
Comprehension




1
．
D



2
．
C



3
．
A



4
．
C


5
．

D




6
．
C



7
．
C



8
．
B



9
．
D


10
．
B
Ⅱ．
V
ocabulary




1
．
D



2
．
A

3
．
B


4
．
C


5
．

B



6
．
D






7
．
A



8
．
C

9
．
B

10
．
D


11
．
C


12
．
B




13
．
B

14
．
C

15
．
B

16
．
A

17
．
C

18
．
D




19
．
B

20
．
C
Ⅲ．
Cloze




1
．
B



2
．
A

3
．
C


4
．
B


5
．

D



6
．
A






7
．
A



8
．
C

9
．
C

10
．
A


11
．
C


12
．
B




13
．
B

14
．
A

15
．
C


Ⅳ．
Translation
A
．文化冲击是无准备的客居者浸润在陌生文 化中所受的影响。和平队志愿者在婆罗洲或巴
西时有此经历。马可·波罗在中国时可能也有此经历。文化 冲击是客居者突然发现自己
处于一个说“是”可能意味“不”的地方，一个“固定价格”可以商量的地方 或一个大
笑可以表示愤怒的地方时所发生的情况。每当那些习以为常，有助于个人在社会中正常
活动的心理刺激准则突然被取消，
而被一些陌生的或不可理解的新的刺激准则所取代时，
就出现 了文化冲击。

B
．
1
．
He did it as much for his son as for himself
．




2
．
Not knowing a foreign language
，
he felt like a fish out of water among so many foreigners
．

3
．
The doctor says he is much the same as yesterday
．

4
．
When I tried to reach him at his office
，
he happened to be home on leave
．




5
．
We thought she would come for a visit
，
it seems she is staying for good
．




6
．
In learning a foreign language you should clear away the vocabulary barrier
．
You should
know at least five thousand words by heart
，
and the more
，
the better
．
There is no other way
of learning new words except by memorizing them
．
You young people in your teens or
twenties have a good memory
，
but it will fail you in learning new words when you are over
thirty
．
Memorizing new words requires painstaking efforts
，
and there is no shortcut here
．
A
new word has to be read many times
，
encountered frequently and put into use before it is
borne in mind
．

V
．
Writing
Future Shock
We
all
know
the
term
culture
shock
，
which
denotes
the
psychological
problems
suffered
by
people who move to live in a culture very different from their own
．
But have you ever heard of the
term future shock? Future shock is a time phenomenon
，
a product of the greatly accelerated rate of
change in society
．
It is culture shock in one's own society
．
Culture shock is a mild disease in
comparison with the serious malady future shock, Travellers have the comforting knowledge that
the culture they left behind will be there to return to
，
hut victims of future shock do not
．
Unless we
learn to fight future shock
，
millions of people will find themselves incompetent to deal with their
environments
．
A
knowledge
of
the
causes
and
symptoms
of
future
shock
helps
explain
many

6