elies高考英语虚拟语气

2021年1月19日发(作者：邪恶帝国)
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2017
年虚拟语气（新人教版）

用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能 发生的情况，而是一种愿望、
建议、
假设的语气叫
虚拟语气。

(
一
)if
主从句中的虚拟语气

【完成例句】


(1)
如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。


If I we
re you, I should accept the invitation.

(2)
如果我有空，我就去那儿。

If I had time, I would go there.

【结论
1
】

条件与现在事实
从句谓语用一般过去时
(be
多用
were)
相反

主句谓语用

would / should / could / might
＋动词原形


【完成例句】



(3)
如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

If you had come earlier, you couldn't / wouldn't have missed the bus.

(4)
如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。

If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.

【结论
2
】

从句谓语用
had done
条件与过去事实相
反

主句谓语用
would / should / could / might
＋
have done

【完成例句】


(5)
万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。
(
事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。
)
If it should rain / were to rain / rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
(6)
万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

If you dropped / should drop / were to drop the glass, it would break.

【结论
3
】

从句谓语用一般过去时
(be
多用< br>were)
或
should
＋动词原形

/

were to do
主句谓语用
would / should / could / might
＋动词原形


【疑难
1
】








含蓄虚拟句
(
即含有
without /

but for, otherwise /

or
等词的句子
)
条件与将来

事实相反

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【例句观察】


Human beings would die without water. (
＝
Human beings would die if there were no water. )
I couldn't have succeeded but for your help. (
＝
I couldn't have succeeded if you hadn't helped me.
)
I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book.

(
＝
If I had had money then, I would have bought that book. )
【疑难剖析
1
】
含有
without /

but for
，
otherwise /

or
等词的 句子谓语结构等同于
if
主从句
中主句的谓语结构。

与现在或将来事实相反

would / should / could / might
＋动词原
形

would
/
should
/
could
/
might
＋
have
done
与过去事实相反


【疑难
2
】









含有
had
，
should
，were
这三个词的虚拟条件状语从句










Had they had time(
＝
If
they had had time)
，


they would have certainly come to help
us.










Should it be fine(
＝
If it should be fine)
，
we would go for an outing.










Were I you(
＝
If I were you), I would go.

【疑难剖析
2
】含有
had
，
shou ld
，
were
这三个词的虚拟条件状语从句，在正式或书面语言
中
可将
if
省略，把
had
，
should
，
wer e
提前放到句首，变为部分倒装。

【疑难
3
】









if
混合虚拟条件从句
(
即主从句分别与不同的事实相反
)








If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.









If you had followed the teacher's advice, yo
u wouldn't be in hospital.

【疑难剖析
3
】
if
假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动 词不一致，叫做
错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。

(
二
)
用虚拟语气，从句中谓语时态相应推后
(
即用相应的过去时态
)
的五种句型

【完成例句】

(7)
他多么希望自己是只鸟。

How he wishes that he were a bird.

(8)
我希望昨晚看了那部电影了。


I wish I had seen the film last night.

(9)
我们希望有一天能住在月球上。

We wish we would live on the moon one day.

【结论
1
】在动词
wish
引导的宾语从句中，

表示不太可能实现的愿望，从句必须使用虚拟
语气。

表示愿望与现在事实相反

从句用一般过去时
(did
或
were)
表示愿望与过去事实相反

从句用过去完成时
(had done)