修约值比较法-lookinto
虚拟语气（
2
）
编稿：牛新阁
审稿：王春霞
概念引入
上一单元我们学习 了虚拟语气中与现在、将来事实相反的虚拟条件句及宾语从句的虚
拟语气。
本单元要继续学习虚 拟语气中与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，
及虚拟语气在其它从
句中的应用。
首先，我们先看下面含虚拟语气的句子：
1. We
would have won
, if Jack
had scored
that goal.
2. We
would have won
if we
hadn
’
t stayed
up so late the night before.
3. We
would have won
the championship, if we
had got
Mr Han to coach us.
4. If she
had studied
harder, she
would have got
the diploma.
这些句子都是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。下面我们就来学习这部分内容。
用法讲解
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
虚拟条件句的动词形式
假设类型
与现在事实相反
与将来事实
可能相反
与过去事实相反
从表格可知，虚拟条件句与过去事实相反时，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，而主句
的谓语用
would/should/might/could
加现在完成时形式。
If he
had taken
my advice, he
would
not
have made
such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话
---he
didn
’
t
take my advice
）
If you
had come
a few minutes earlier
，
you
would have met
him.
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就见到他了。
（事实：来晚了
---you
came
late
）
If She
hadn
’
t been
so strict with herself, she
wouldn
’
t have
made such great progress.
她要是对自己要求不严格，她就不会有这样大的进步。
（事实：她对自己很严格
---she
was
strict with herself
）
虚拟语气中的倒装
条件从句中的
were
，
had, should
可放句首，省略
if
，条件句成为倒装句。
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
如果你邀请我们了，我们会参加你的聚会的。
Were I ( If I were ) you, I would do more practice.
如果我是你，我会做更多的练习。
Should she ( If she should) lend us a helping hand, we would succeed.
如果她帮助我们，我们会成功的。
注意：
条件从句
（
if
从句）
谓语动词
一般过去式
(be
用
were)
主句的谓语动词
would/should/might/could +
动词原形
1
）一般过去式
(be
只用
were)
2
）
were to +
动词原形
;
would/should/might/could+
动词原形
3
）
should +
动词原形
had done
would/should/might/could
+
have
过去
分词
条件句或省略的条件句可以放句尾。如：
We would have lost our lives had it not been for the policeman.
如果没有这位警察，我们就没命了。
【高清课堂：虚拟语气（上）法则二：千变万化的表现形式。
】
千变万化的表现形式
if
虚拟条件句的三个公式的倒装我们说完了，
那是不是就这一种变化呢？我们接下来看
看它的千变万化的表达形式。
含蓄虚拟语气
有 时假设的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些介词短语（如
without
，
but
for
等）或上下文中。
1. I was very tired. Otherwise, I would have gone to the party with you last night.
我太累了。否则，我昨晚就同你去聚会了。
（
otherwise
代替了条件句“
If I hadn
’
t been very tired
”
）
2. Life without any friends or family would be lonely for me.
如果生活既没有朋友也没有家庭，那对我来讲就太孤独了。
（
without
短语代替“
If there were no friends or family
”
）
3. If only we had done as we were told.
如果我们按照被告知的去做，该多好呀。
4. If only I had known the answer before the test.
考试前就知道答案，那该多好呀。
（
if
only
表示 “要是
......
该多好呀”
，表示假设的内容成立时的感受，但是并没有明确说出这种感受）
5. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.
要不是下雨，我们本来会有一个愉快的旅行的。
（
But for the rain
，代替的是“
If it hadn
’
t rained
”
）
混合虚拟语气
什么混合了呢？从下面例句中我们看出是时态方面的混合，
即 主句与从句所指的时间不
一致，这时主从句的时态根据实际的时间概念确定。
1. If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I would not be hungry now.
如果我几小时前吃了早餐的话，我现在就不会饿了。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
2. If I were you, I would have gone to the theatre.
如果我是你，我就去剧院了。
（从句与经常的状况相反，属特殊用法，主句与过去事实相反）
3. If you hadn
’
t helped me, I would be still working now.
如果当时你没有帮我的话，现在我还在工作呢。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
分裂虚拟语气
在这种句型中，虚拟语气通常省略条件句，只保留主句，后面再加上真实的情况。
1. He would gain weight but he doesn
’
t eat much.
他会增加重量的，但是他吃得不多。
（
=If he ate much, he would gain weight, but he doesn
’
t eat much.
）
2. I would go to visit them but I don
’
t think they are anxious to see me.
我本来是会看他们的，但是我想他们不会急于见我。
（
=If they were anxious to see me, I would go to visit them.
）
3. I would have invited her to the party but I
did
n
’
t know her well.
我本来想邀请她来聚会的，但是与她不怎么熟。
注意：这种句型的关键词
but
。
■
虚拟语气在其它从句中的用法（
1
）
主语从句的虚拟语气
这种主语从句由连词
that
引导，虚拟语气为
“
（
should
）
动词原形”
。
其中
should
可省略。
should
常译成“应该、必须、竟然”
。注意下面句型：
1
．
It is
／
was +
形容词
+ that
从句
当形容词为
important,
necessa ry
，
strange
，
natural
，
appropr iate,
proper,
right,
desirable,
essential, surprising, unthinkable
等或名词短语
a good idea
时。
如：
It is important and necessary that we (should) master a foreign language
．
我们精通一门外语是重要而且必要的。
It is proper that an independent inquiry (should) take place.
进行独立调查很合适。
It is strange that he (should) refuse your help
．
他竟然拒绝你的帮助真是奇怪。
It is surprising that you (should) not understand me!
你竟然不理解我，真令人吃惊！
2. It is
／
was +
a pity/a shame / a surprise / no wonder
+ that
从句
It
’
s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
你竟然错过一个好机会真是遗憾。
3. It is
demanded/suggested/ordered/required/
…
.that-clause
It is suggested that he (should) not spend too much time watching TV
.
有人建议他不应该花太多时间看电视。
It is proposed that the plan (should) be delayed.
有人建议推迟这项计划。
表语从句的虚拟语气
1.
在名词“
suggestion,
proposal,
idea,
plan
，
order,
advice,
desire,
requirement,
request,
command, decision, recommendation
等”后面的
同位语从句或表语从句
中，用“
should+
动词
原形”
，其中< br>should
可省略。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference
．
我的建议是我们应该让更多的人参加会议。
2. as if ( as though)
引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气。
It seems as if the meeting
would never end
.
看来会议没完没了。
（与将来相反）
It seems as though he
had been
there many times.
好像他已经去过那里好多次了。
（与过去事实相反）
It seems as if nobody
knew
what happened.
好像没有知道发生了什么事。
注：详细用法见上一单元的《虚拟语气（
1
）
》
。
同位语从句中的虚拟语气
与表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”的动 词相对应的名词构成的同位语从句中
常用“
（
should
）
+do
”结构。
The requirement that students (should) learn to protect themselves is successfully carried out
in most schools.
学生必须学会保护自己，这一要求在大多数学校都能顺利实施。
I made a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week
．
我提议我们应该下周开个会。
修约值比较法-lookinto
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修约值比较法-lookinto
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修约值比较法-lookinto
修约值比较法-lookinto
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修约值比较法-lookinto
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