escape的用法中央美术学院博士英语真题

2021年1月19日发(作者：登记官)
中央美术学院
2006
年博士研究生招生考试


英语试卷
B

一、听力

Section 1

1. A. doctor
waiter

2. A. In a bank.


D. In a shop.

B. In a restaurant

C. In an office

B. pharmacist


C. mechanic


D.
3. A. Teachers get much satisfaction from work.

B. Teachers get little satisfaction from work.

C. Few teachers are satisfied with their work.

D. Few teachers are satisfied with their salary.

4. A. He is happy with his job.

B. He is a very ambitious man.

C. He is too ambitious to be an engine driver.

D. He doesn
’
t like to be an engine driver.

5. A. 50



B. 15







C. 30







D. 10

6. A. Interviewing a clerk
C. Dismissing a clerk.

B. Writing a job ad.

D. Making inquires.

7. A. The shop told me this would happen.

B. I didn
’
t know it would be like this.

C. It became smaller but still fits me.

D. The cardigan is well worth the price.

8. A. 10:30 .
11:00 .

9. A. Moving to London.

job.

C. Searching for a flat.




D.
Hunting
for
a
house.





B.
Looking
for
a
new

B. 10:00 .


C. 11:30 .


D.
10. A. She
’
s not sure about the trip.

B. She would like to take more trips.

C. She
’
s decided not to take the trip.

D. She doesn
’
t like discussing the trip.


Section 2

11. A. He hasn
’
t been doing much of the reading.

B. He understood the reading last night.

C. He isn
’
t having much trouble.

D. He understands very little.

12. A. Winter is his favourite time for sports.

B. Sports are quite important to him.

C. He should be more enthusiastic.

D. He plays better than he used to.

13. A. The noise

C. The heat.










B. The workload.

D. The crowdedness.

14. A. At the post office.
address.






B.
At
his
home
C. At his mountain cabin.
address.

15. A. Overjoyed

Supportive

16. A. Graduation date

C. School courses.








D.
At
his
uncle
’
s
B. Confused


C. Surprised

D.




B. Vacation plans.

D. Job hunting.



B.
He
had
the
cooker
17. A. He had the cooker changed.

repaired.

C. He bought a new cooker.

cooker.



D.
He
returned
her
new
18. A. It
’
s hard to pronounce the name.

B. It
’
s not going to be well-received.

C. He has temporarily forgotten its name.

D. He has never heard of the name.

19. A. He is thoughtful

C. He is careless.

20. A. 6












B. He is forgetful.


D. He is unhelpful.

C. 4




D. 7



B. 5

二、词汇与结构

21. ________ the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it
even starts.


A. Given


B. Granted


C. Provided


D.
Allowed

22. _______ all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption
of social scientists.



A. Nearly


B. That nearly


C. It is nearly
D. What nearly

23. This ______ in adult education, in turn, helps to raise the
intellectual standard of the whole country.


A. crisis


B. decrease


C. deficit



D.
boom

24. We are _______ you to wake up in time.



A. looking for


D. insisting on

B. counting on


C. waiting for
25. I wish I ______ to with you, but I am fully occupied.


to

26. There was _______ support for the war.



A. well-informed

C. faulty











B. widespread

D. spectacular

A. could


B. can



C. will



D.
am
able
27. What he said is far ______ the truth.


A. to


B. towards


C. into



D. from

28. The TV play received _______ acclaim.



A. considerate

C. considering











B. considered

D. considerable

29. Only in recent years _______ begun to realize that wild dogs,
kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.



A. people have

C. have people









B. since people


D. people who have

30. By 2004, production in the area is expected to double ______
of 2000.


A. one


B. it




C. what



D. that

31. Normally he would have no _______ to the whole world knowing
his business.


A. objection
B. appeal



C. argument


D.
deterrence

32. He had his camera ready, _______ he saw something that would
make a good picture.



A. unless


B. in case



C. in any case

D. in any event

33. I was shocked by her ______ views.


A. reasonable

B. reluctant

C. scared



D.
radical

34. It is highly necessary that our plan ______ immediately.


A. will be carried out




B. must be carried out


C. be carried out





D. has to be carried out

35. We condemn their actions without _______.



A. reservation

D. preservation

B. observation


C. conservation
36. 28. We know he lived in Fleet Road, but _______ that we don
’
t
know much about him.



A. other than
D. less than


B. more than

C. better than

37. We need someone to find ______ Johnsons and inform them of the
news.


A. /



B. a




C. the



D. an

38. The ability to use a language can be ______ only by the act of
using the language.


A. approached

B. overcome


C. conquered

D.
acquired

39. ________ how to repair stove, I surely would have helped her.



A. Had I known

C. Were I known








B. Would I know

D. Would I have known

40. Though remembered mainly for the invention of the telephone,
Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life ______ the deaf.



A. helping

D. help

B. to help



C. to helping


三、阅读理解


Passage 1

Panel (
嵌镶板
) painting, common in thirteenth-and fourteenth
century Europe, involved a painstaking, laborious process. Wooden
planks
were
joined,
covered
with
gesso
(
石膏
)
to
prepare
the
surface
for painting, and then polished smooth with special tools. On this
perfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk,
refine
it
with
inks,
and
then
begin
the
deliberate
process
of
applying thin layers of egg tempera (
用鸡蛋、水等稀释的颜料或涂
料
)
paint
egg
yolk
in
which
pigments
(
颜料
)
are
suspended,
with
small
brushes.
The
successive
layering
of
these
meticulously
applied
paints produced the final, translucent colors.

Backgrounds of gold were made by carefully applying sheets of
gold
leaf,
and
then
embellishing
(
修饰
)
or
decorating
the
gold
leaf
by
punching
it
with
a
metal
rod
on
which
a
pattern
had
been
embossed
(
使浮雕
). Every step in the process was slow and deliberate, the
quick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where
each
stroke
be
placed
before
the
brush
met
the
panel,
and
it
required
the use of fine brushes. It was, therefore, an ideal technique for
emphasizing
the
hard
linear
edges
and
pure,
fine
areas
of
color
that
were so much a part of the overall aesthetic (
审美
) of the time.
The notion that an artist could or would dash off an idea in a fit
of spontaneous inspiration was completely alien (
相异的
) to these
deliberately produced works.

Furthermore, making these paintings was so time-consuming that
it
demanded
assistance.
All
such
work
was
done
by
collective
enterprise in the workshops. The painter or master who is credited
with having created the painting may have designed the work and
overseen
its
production,
but
it
is
highly
unlikely
that
the
artist's
hand
applied
every
stroke
of
the
brush.
More
likely,
numerous
assistants, who had been trained to imitate the artist's style,
applied
the
paint.
The
carpenter's
shop
probably
provided
the
frame
and perhaps supplied the panel, and yet another shop supplied the
gold. Thus, not only many hands, but also many shops were involved
in the final product.

In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and
preservation many panel paintings have survived, and today many of
them are housed in museum collections.

41. What aspect of panel painting does the passage mainly discuss

A. Famous examples.

B. Different styles.

D. Production.

C. Restoration.
42. According to the passage, what was the first step in making a
panel painting

A. Mixing the paint.


C. Buying the gold leaf.

B.
Preparing
the
panel.

D.
Making
ink
drawings.

43. The word
in meaning to ________.

A. decisive B. careful


D. unusual



C. natural
44.
Which
of
the
following
processes
produced
the
translucent
colors
found on panel paintings

A. Joining wooden planks to form large sheets.

B. Polishing the gesso.

C. Applying many layers of paint.

D. Covering the background With gold leaf.

45.
The
“
collective
enterprise
”

mentioned
in
Paragraph
3,
sentence 2, includes all of the following EXCEPT.

A. supplying the gold leaf


C. applying the paint


B. building the panels

D.
selling
the
painting

Passage 2

Of all the varieties of music which fill our concert halls,
theaters,
and
nightclubs,
only
jazz
is
native
American
music.
Symphonies and concertos, the ancestors of movie and television
scor
es
as
well
as
of
“
serious
”

or
“
legitimate
”

electronic
music,
were first composed in Germany. Musical comedies descended from
opera, which was first performed in Italy. And our ever-popular
nightclub singers are the musical heirs of the French singers of
chansons (
歌曲
).

The
one
form
of
music
which
did
not
originate
in
Europe
and
which
is popular today worldwide is jazz. Jazz was born in New Orleans,
the child of the Blacks. It drew on the rhythms as well as the
emotionalism
(
感情主义
)
of
the
African
music
of
the
Black
ancestors,
which
had
been
transformed
into
ragtime
(
拉格泰姆节奏爵士
)
and
the
blues.
Improvisation
(
即
度
创
作
)
was
an
indispensable
element.
Musicians were permitted, in solo (
独奏
) performance, plenty of
freedom to play in whatever variations just as their creative mood
happened
to
lead
them
along.
But
during
the
Swing
(
摇摆乐
)
era
(1930s
--
1950s),
impromptu
(
即兴的
)
performances
gave
way
to
arrangement.
It was a period when jazz had its widest popular appeal with the
big bands that boasted of such outstanding bandleaders as Duke
Ellington,
Glenn
Miller
and
a
whole
galaxy
of
top-notch
instrumentalists.

Rock
music
in
the
1960s
is
a
sociological
expression
rather
than
a musical force and the rock arena was seen as a sort of debating
forum (
论坛
), a place where ideas clash and crash, where American
youngsters
struggle
to
define
and
redefine
their
feelings
and
beliefs.
Bob
Dylon
touched
a
nerve
of
disaffection.
He
spoke
of
civil
rights, nuclear fallout, and loneliness. He spoke of change and of
the bewilderment of an older generation.
“
Something is happening
here,
”
he sang.
“
You don't know what it is, do you, Mr. Jones
”

Others
entered
the
debate.
The
Beatles
urged
peace
and
piety
(
信
仰
)
with
humor
and
maybe
a
little
help
from
drugs.
Feelings,
always
a
part
of
any
musical
statement,
were
a
major
subject.
Elvis
Presley
became
the
pop
icon
(
偶像
),
maybe
because
he
acted
out
your
wildest
fantasies,
brought
out
your
subdued
id
(
冲
动
),
embodied
your
frustrated
teenage
spirit,
encouraged
your
protest
against
traditional values. In this sense, rock is the music of teenage
rebellion. All aspects of music -- its exciting offbeat, loudness,
self-absorbed lyrics and raving delivery -- indicated a defiance
of adult authority.

46. What is the best title of this passage

A. The origin of jazz.

B. The success of the rock music.

C. The contemporary jazz and rock.

D. The musical development from jazz to rock.

47. Which of the following is true


A. Ragtime originated with the big bands in the 1930s.

B. Ragtime and blues were based on African music.

C. Ragtime and blues had not evolved until 1950s.

D. Blues was performed by singers dressed in blue.

48.
According
to
the
passage,
improvisation
was
most
popular
_________.

A. in the 1930s

C. after 1930s


B. before 1930s

D. in the 1905s

49. The first sentence in Paragraph 3 can be best interpreted as
___________.

A. rock stars asking us to take our stand on political issues

B. rock stars helping our society to form its code of ethics

C. rock stars revealed their own problems and their social
attitudes

D.
giving
a
clear
definition
to
the
words
beliefs
and
'
feelings'

50. According to the passage, rock music in the sixties was seen
as _________.

A. a radical city

C. a forum for debate

lyrics


B. a country element

D.
a
collection
of
Passage 3

As parents, we want our children to reach their full academic
potential. We read to them, encourage their special talents, and
support
them
when
they
have
problems.
If
they
choose
to
participate
in
music
or
sports,
we
also
help
them
reach
their
potential
in
those
areas. These are all good goals.

There is, however, an even more important goal. It is a goal
more
difficult
than
excellence
in
arithmetic
or
soccer
or
the
violin.
Parents are responsible for providing their children with a moral
compass.
They
need
to
nurture
and
treasure
goodness
in
their
children.
Every
child
has
the
capacity
to
become
a
good,
decent
human
being. To fulfill this capacity, children need the guidance and
support of parents and other adults. Raising good, moral children
is the most important job we will have.

What is a good, decent human being While we may differ on some
details, most would agree that respect for others, kindness and
caring,
honesty
and
honor,
and
a
reverence
(
尊重
)
life
are
key.
Good,
decent human beings are people with a firm sense of direction and
purpose -- a moral compass -- to guide their lives. Children need
our help to develop these characteristics and values.

While most people try to act with honor and kindness, doing so
consistently is difficult and requires lifelong effort. Goodness
is
not
easy
for
an
adult,
and
it
is
even
more
difficult
for
a
child.
They do not have the knowledge, experiences, or cognitive skills
to understand the impact and consequences of their actions.

Reinforcement is sometimes an efficient approach to building
positive
behavior.
The
child
behaves
in
a
desired
way
and
the
parents
provide reinforcement. The behavior then typically increases in
frequency.
This
approach
works
for
teaching
“
Please
”

and
“
Thank
you.
”
The new behavior is maintained, because it helps the child
get along in the world.

Loving,
everyday
interactions
are
the
beginning
of
raising
moral children. The child who falls and receives adult concern
learns how to Great others kindly when they stumble. The child who
makes
a
mistake
and
is
encouraged
to
try
again
learns
how
to
support
others. When parents intercede (
调解
) graciously for their child,
the child can see the basis for friendship. When we treat children
with
respect
and
care,
we
provide
a
positive
model
of
how
to
behave.
These early experiences establish patterns for their treatment of
others.

51. To provide their children with a moral compass, adults should
________.

A.
encourage
their
children
to
learn
more
knowledge
about
sports
or music

B. encourage their children to be a man with high integrity

C. support their children when they have problems

D.
set
a
good
example
and
give
positive
instructions
to
children

52. According to the author, people with a moral compass are the
kind of people who _______ .


A. can reach their full academic potential

B. can lead a decent life

C. know what to do and why to do it

D. have developed characteristics and values such as respect
for others

53. Why does the author talk about teaching
“
Please
”
and
“
Thank
you
”
(Line4, Para5)


A. To demonstrate that saying
“
Please
”
and
“
Thank you
”
is
a good habit.

B. To demonstrate that politeness is the nature of a moral
compass.

C. To demonstrate that politeness helps the child get along in
the world.

D. To demonstrate that reinforcement is an efficient approach
to building positive behavior.

54. Which of the following can express the main idea of the last
passage

A. Adults should treat children with love.

B.
Adults
should
have
more
positive
communication
with
children.

C. Adults should treat children with respect and care.

D. Adults should provide a positive model of how to behave for
children.

55. Which of the following can serve as the best title for this
passage

A.
How
to
Make
Your
Children
an
Academically
Excellent
Student.

B. How to Explore Your Child's Potential.

C. How to Mold a Moral Child.

D. How to Make Your Child a Versatile (
多才多艺的
) Student.


Passage 4

A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, a
nearly
self-sufficient
group
that
is
homogeneous
in
custom
and
race,
with
a
strong
family
or
clan
structure
and
highly
developed
rituals.
Order is maintained through sanctions based on the religion or
family, and interpersonal relationships arc strong. Tradition is
paramount (
极为重要的
) and change comes infrequently and slowly.
There
is
relatively
little
division
of
labor
into
specialized
duties.
Rather
each
person
is
expected
to
perform
a
great
variety
of
tasks,
though
duties
may
differ
between
the
sexes.
Most
goods
are
handmade,
and
as
subsistence
economy
prevails,
individualism
is
weakly
developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk
cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the
United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in
Anglo-America is the Amish, a German American farming sect (
教派
),
that
largely
renounces
the
products
and
labor
saving
devices
of
the
industrial age. In Amish areas, horse-drawn buggies (
马车
) still
serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not
permitte
d
to
own
automobiles.
The
Amish’
s
central
religious
concept
of
Demut,
“
humility
(
谦
卑
)
”
,
clearly
reflects
the
weakness
of
individualism
and
social
class
so
typical
of
folk
cultures
and
there
is
a
corresponding
strength
of
Amish
group
identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The

religion, a variety of the Mennonite (
门诺派教徒
) faith, provides
the principal mechanism for maintaining order.

By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous (
不同
种类的
)
group,
often
highly
individualistic
and
constantly
changing.
Relationships tend to be impersonal and a pronounced division of
labor exists, leading to
the
establishment
of many specialized
professions.
Secular
institutions
of
control
such
as
the
police
and
army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order,
and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts,
“
popular
”
may be viewed as clearly different from
“
folk
”
. The
popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in
many
developing
nations.
Folk-made
objects
give
way
to
their
popular
equivalents, usually because the popular item is more quickly or
cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more
prestige to the owner.

56. What does the passage mainly discuss

A. Two decades in modern society.

B. The influence of industrial technology.

C. The characteristics of
“
folk
”
and
“
popular
”
societies.

D. The specialization of labor in Canada and the US.

57. The word
in meaning to _______.

A. traditional
B. general


D. uniform

C. primitive
58. The phrase
closest in meaning to ______.

A. generally rejects

C. loudly declares
B. greatly modifies

D. often criticizes

59. Which of the following statements about Amish beliefs does the
passage support

A. A variety of religious practices is tolerated.

B. Individualism and competition are important.

C. Pre- modern technology is preferred.

D. People are defined according to their class.

60. Which of the following is NOT given as a reason why folk-made
objects are replaced by mass-produced objects

A. Cost.

Convenience.


B. Prestige.
C. Quality.
D.
四、英译汉

1. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China
and the United States, the exchanges and mutual understandings
between the two peoples have broadened and deepened steadily.

2. Our multi-cultural world will need leaders who have respect for
cultural
differences,
and
our
educated
young
people
will
need
to
know how to blend (
融合
) the best elements of cultures, both
eastern and western.

3.
A
scientist
who
does
research
in
economic
psychology
and
who
wants
to
predict
the
way
in
which
consumers
will
spend
their
money
must
study consumer behavior.

4. It is very important to create a relaxed, friendly atmosphere
in a formal team meeting, in which every member's opinion would
be freely expressed and fully respected.

5. Since computer technology has great effect in various social
fields, the level of computer application (
应用
) has become an
important factor to measure the degree of modernization of a
country.

6.
At
our
age
of
information,
information
is
exploding,
and
knowledge space is welling.

7. Chinese ceramic (
陶瓷
) has a long history, which has given rise
to a wide variety of style and many masterpieces.

8.
The
painting
brush
of
the
Chinese
artist
Qianzhang
(
千嶂
)
paints
easily:
mountains,
waters,
flowers,
birds,
human
figures
-
there
is simply nothing that the brush fails to paint.

9. Looking into the 21st century, we are convinced that there lies
an
even
brighter
future
for
the
development,
prosperity,
friendship and cooperation China and ASEAN (
东盟
)
。

10. The traditional warmth and hospitality will make your visit a
pleasant and memorable experience.


五、作文

Some people think that fine art education is very important,
so a lot more should be invested in that. Do you agree or disagree
Explain why. Your composition should be at least 150 words.







北京大学
2006
年博士研究生入学考试试题


Part One: Listening Comprehension

There are 3 sections in this part.

In sections A and B you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen
carefully and then choose the

correct answer for each question. Mark your choices on your ANSWER
SHEET.

Section A: Conversations (5%)

Directions:
In this section you will hear several conversations.
Listen to the conversations

carefully and then answer the questions that follow.


Questions

1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the
end of the conversation, you

will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.

Now listen to the conversation.


1. Which is NOT the purpose of Mr. Lewis
’
visit

A. To see friends.

C. To vacation.








B. To give concerts.


D.
To
give
private
lessons.

2. What kind of cello did Mr. Lewis use when he was eight

A. A full-sized cello.





B. A half-sized cello.


D.
It
is
not
C. A two-thirds-sized cello.

mentioned.

3.
What is true about Mr. Lewis’
cello

A. He always takes it with him.

B. It was made by his uncle.

C. He borrowed it from his uncle.

D. He got a seat free for his cello.


Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the
end
of
the
conversation,
you
will
be
given
20
seconds
to
answer
the
questions.

Now listen to the conversation.


4. What is the main purpose of the research

A. To make preparations for a new publication.

B. To learn how couples spend their weekends.

C. To know how housework is shared.

D. To investigate what people do at the weekend.

5. What does the man do on Fridays

A. He goes to exercise classes.

B. He goes sailing.

C. He goes to the cinema.

D. He stays at home.

6. On which day does the couple always go out