7802商务英语 专有名词

2021年1月19日发(作者：pond是什么意思)
商务英语阅读

名词解释

Chapter1

1
．

g
lobal company : a company that integrates its international biz activities.


2
．

Stable : the entire range of products a company has or produces

3
．

Joint
venture
:
a
partnership
that
is
formed
by
two
or
more
parties
cooperating in some special biz activities.

4
．

Merger & acquisition : combining of two or more entities through the direct
acquisition by the net assets of the other.

5
．

Consumer
market:
an
organized
group
of
buyers
and
sellers
of
a
particular
product that are affected by its demand and supply.

6
．

Distribution channel: all the organizations and people involved in the physical
movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.


7
．


Listed
company
:
a
company
whose
shares
have
been
quoted
by
the
Stock
Exchange.

8
．

Marketing
savvy
:
understanding
and
knowledge
of
how
goods
and
services
are marketed.

9
．

Industrial
complex(
工业生产基地
)
:
a
manufacturing
area
that
consists
of
many different factories turning out different products.

10. brand recognition : a product or products that
has or
have been recognized
and appreciated by local consumers.

11. specialty shop : an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.


12. household name : a brand, person, company, etc. that is known
to all or very
popular in a place.

13. loss-maker : a biz that continually makes no profit.

14.
home
country
:
the
country
on
which
a
multinational
corporation’s
HQs
is
based.

15. quota : a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a
country impose.

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16.
organizational
culture
:
the
common
values,
behavior
patterns,
institutions,
and so on among employees of a corporation.

17.
market
economy
:
an
economy
in
which
the
market
is
used
to
determine
resource allocation, prices, and investments.


Chapter 2

1.

new
economy : a different form of
economy that is
mainly supported by IT
sector
and
characterized
by
knowledge-based
economy
instead
of
manufacturing.

2.

labor force : all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or
are likely to be employed in the future.

3.

bubble
economy
:
an
economy
that
primarily
depends
on
banking,
financial
market and other transient operation.

4.

venture
capital
:
funds
that
are
invested
in
new
plants
or
hi-tech
startups
open to large risk of loss.

5.

biz
cycle
:
A
period
of
time
that
a
biz
goes
through
consists
of
four
stages---boom
繁荣
, recession
衰退
, depression
萧条
, recover
复苏
.

6.

stock market : a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.

7.

deregulation : the ending of the existing system of regulations, especially by
the government.

8.

public
offering
:
a
nonexclusive
issue
to
the
general
public
either
bonds
or
stock by a firm in order to raise funds.

9.

bottleneck
:
difficulties
or
things
that
are
more
likely
hinder
normal
production or prevent smooth economic development.


10.

information
tech
信息技术

:
all
devices
and
knowledge
that
are
required
to
manage any kind of data.

11.

Treasury bill
短期国债

：
A short-term obligation of the U.S. Treasury, having
a maturity period of one year or less and sold at a discount from face value.
短期国库券：美国财政部发行的一种短期债券，一年或少于一年到期，以票面价值

2
打折的形式出售
.
Treasury bond :
长期国债

T-bonds ha
ve maturity’s greater than 10 years.




T-note :
中期国债

has maturity ranging from 2 to 5 years.

12.

biz
plan
:
future
actions
to
be
taken
by
a
company,
concerning
products,
production, market, investment, etc.

13.

capital
stock
:
The
total
amount
of
stock
authorized
for
issued
by
a
corporation, including common and preferred stock.
股本
(
总额
)
：由一个公司授
权发行的股票的总数额，包括普通股和优先股
.

14.

product life cycle : a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through
a cycle consisting of four stages, namely, introduction, growth,
maturity and
decline.

15.

junk bonds : an interest-bearing certificate of debt that promises to
give a
high yield but is issued by a company with low credit rating
低信用等级
.

16
．
Seed
money=seed capital
启动资金
: the initial equity capital used to
start a
new venture or biz.

Chapter 3

1. liquidity : available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.

2. exchange rate : the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.

3. multinational company : a very large organization that owns companies in more
than
one
country
in
order
to
obtain
low-cost
raw
materials
and
make
efficient
use of a local workforce.


4. benchmark : a standard by which something can be measured or judged.


5.
pricing
policy :
a
plan
or
statement
of
prices
set
by
an
organization
for
its
products and services.


6. money market : the institutions and practices through with short-term funds
are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs.


7. capital market : a place where deals are made relating to long term investment
needed by businesses and public authorities.

8. collateral : property or an item of value acceptable as
security for a loan or

3
other obligation.
担保物：被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产


9.
counterparty
:
a
term
used
to
identify
the
“other”
party
in
a
two
-party
transaction.

10. stock exchange: a market where stocks and shares are bought and sold under
fixed rules, but at prices determined by supply & demand.


11.
retail
:
the
sale
of
goods
or
commodities
in
small
quantities
directly
to
consumers.

12.
cheque : a printed form, used instead of money, to make payment from one’s
bank account.

13.
economic
integration
:
the
integration
of
commercial
&
financial
activities
among
countries
through
the
abolishment/cancellation
of
economic
discrimination.

Chapter 4

1.

Dow-Jones Industrial Average : an index of the
share prices
quoted
on
the
New York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies.


2.

Blue chip : a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in its
long record of steady earnings.

3.

Nasdaq : national association of securities dealers automated quotations

4.

social
security
社会保障

:
a
government
program
that
provides
economic
assistance
to
persons
faced
with
unemployment,
disability,
or
agedness,
financed by assessment (
税额
) of employers and employees.


5.

tax
deduction
:
an
expense
费用
that
a
taxpayer
is
allowed
to
deduct
from
taxable income.

6.

reinsurance
：
the
purchase
of
insurance
by
an
insurance
company
from
another insurance (reinsurer) to provide it protection against large losses on
cases it has already insured.

7.

policy
:
保单

the
printed
legal
document
stating
the
terms
of
insurance
contract that is issued to the policyholder
投保人

by company.


4
8.

public
relations
:
PR,
the
activity
of
keeping
good
relationships
between
an
organization and the people outside it.

9.

depression : a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy,
characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment.
萧
条，不景气：国 家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价
格下降、失业


10.

media
：
a means of mass communication, such as newspapers, magazines, radio,
or television.

11.

recession:
An
extended
decline
in
general
business
activity,
typically
three
consecutive quarters of falling real gross national product.
衰退：经济活动 普遍
而持续地衰败，尤指三个连续季度的社会总产品净值的下降


Chapter 5
1
．

S
anction : the penalty for noncompliance specified in a law or decree.


2
．

Trade deficit : imports minus exports of goods and services.


3
．

Balance
of
trade
贸易支付差额

the
value
of
country’s
exports
mi
nus
the
value of its imports.

4
．

Downturn : a tendency downward, especially in biz or economic activity.
5
．

Speculation
投机

:
engagements
in
risky
biz
transactions
on
the
chances
of
quick or considerable profit.

6
．

Value added tax : an indirect tax imposed on consumption
that is reflective
of
the
incremental
increases
on
the
value
of
goods
through
the
chain
of
production, from the raw material phase to final consumption.
增值税是向消费
征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料 到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。


7
．

Fair trade
：
trade that conforms to a fair-trade agreement.

8
．

Subsidy
补
贴
:
a
payment
or
contribution
paid
for
the
manufacture,
production, or export of a good or product.

9
．

Rebate
减税，折扣

a deduction from an amount to be paid or a return of part
of an amount given in payment.

10. tax exemption
免税

the freedom for having to pay tax.

11. FDI
外国直接投资

the funds committed
to a foreign
enterprise. An investor

5
who buys 10 percent or
more of
the controlling shares of
a foreign
enterprise
makes a direct investment. The investor may gain partial or total control of the
enterprise.


12.

Fast Track
, also known as “Trade Promotion Authority ”
快车道贸易促进权。

It is a bill that
gives
the President authority to negotiate
trade pacts with
other countries without the amendment of pacts from Congress who can only
vote it for yes or no.

Chapter 6
1.

the
fringe
:
those
members
of
a
group
or
political
party
holding
extreme
views.

2.

free trade : trade between nations without protective customs tariff.

3.

mercantilist
:
on
who
believes
in
the
practice
,
methods,
or
spirit
of
commercialism.

4.

the anti-trade left : the leftists who are against free trade.

5.

quota : a govt- imposed restriction on quantity or sometime on total value of
imports of goods and services.

6.

tariff : duties or a duty imposed by a govt on imported or exported goods.


7.

ideological gulf
思想鸿沟

: a lack of understanding between people who
have
different views on different doctrines or beliefs.

8.

globalization
:
the
increasing
worldwide
integration
of
markets
for
goods,
services and capital that attracted special attention in the late 1990s.


9.

anti-dumping duty : tariff levied on dumped imports.

10.

trade
liberalization
:
reduction
of
tariffs
and
removal
or
relaxation
of
national trade barrier.

11.

trade
barrier
:
any
barrier
that
may
impede
the
import
of
goods,
such
as
quota, testing or certification
执照授予
.

12.

import
substitution :
进口替代

a
strategy which emphasizes
the replacement
of imports with domestically made goods, rather than the production of goods
for export, to encourage the development of domestic industry.


6
13.

Diversion & appeasement
转移与姑息

a policy diverting attention away from
opening the domestic market by focusing on exports and foreign policy goals,
and appeasing protectionists at
home with fair trade policy in the
hope
of/
with a view to preventing even worse import barriers.


Chapter 7


1.

arbitration
：
the
process
by
which
the
parties
to
a
dispute
submit
their
differences to
the judgment
of an impartial person
or a group appointed by
mutual consent or statutory provision
（指定条款）


2.

international law
：
a set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding
in relations between states and nations.

binding arbitration
具有约束力的仲裁
; a binding agreement.
需要遵守的合约


3.

appeal : the transfer of case from a lower to a higher court for a new hearing.

4.

DSU : Dispute Settlement Understanding

5.

Dispute Settlement Mechanism DSM : a mechanism
to which WTO members
may
appeal
when
they
believe
that
another
country’s
laws
infringe
on
free
trade.

6.

copyright : the legal right granted
to an author, a composer, a playwright, a
publisher,
or a distributor
entitled
to
exclusive publication, production, sale
of a literacy, musical, dramatic work.

7.

subsidy
:
financial
benefit
direct
or
indirect
from
govt
to
producers
or
exporters.

8.

trade
sanction
:
use
of
a
trade
policy
as
a
sanction,
most
commonly
an
embargo
禁运

imposed against a country for violating human rights.



9.

trade
reciprocity
贸易互惠

:
the
practice
by
which
governments
extend
similar concessions
让步

to
each other, as when one gov’t lowers its tariffs
or other barriers impeding its imports in exchange for equivalent concession
from a trading partner on barriers affecting its exports.


10.

trade retaliation
贸易报复
:

11.

Appellate Body
上诉受理机构

:an independent seven-person body that , upon
request by on or more parties to the review the dispute, reviews findings in

7