jssplit2019年高考英语知识点总结总复习主旨大意题

2021年1月19日发(作者：greatest)
专题二

主旨大意题

Passage 1[2017
甲卷
(
全国Ⅱ
),A]
体裁

说明文




The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a
mobile laboratory named
and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and
well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(
隔绝
) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for
older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(
导航
) tools, night vision systems and intelligent
speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:
in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to
get out and about without having to rely on others.

in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their
driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains:
helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how
we might use technology to address these problems.

surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were
more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We
’
re looking at the benefits
of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.

解决方案
) to ensure that older
drivers stay safer behind the wheel.
is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A. To explore new means of transport.
B. To design new types of cars.
C. To find out older drivers
’

problems.
D. To teach people traffic rules.
is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A. It keeps them independent.
B. It helps them save time.
话题

老年人安全驾车研究

词数

难度

建议时间

314
★★★

6
分钟

C. It builds up their strength.
D. It cures their mental illnesses.
do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A. Improve their driving skills.
B. Develop driver-assist technologies.
C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D. Organize regular physical checkups.
is the best title for the text?
A. A New Model Electric Car

B. A Solution to Traffic Problems

C. Driving Services for Elders
D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
Passage 2[2017
北京
,C]
体裁




Measles(
麻疹
), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly
wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(
疫苗
). But
the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and
misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported
in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When
vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected.
This is called
who can
’
t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on
whom the vaccine doesn
’
t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse
vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That
’
s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange
County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a
17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small
risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(
决定不参加
) of what are
supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow
parents to get an exemption(
豁免
), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally
object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But
no one does enough to limit exemptions.
话题

词数

346
难度

★★★

建议时间

6
分钟

说明文

麻疹疫苗

Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal
opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they
’
ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
first two paragraphs suggest that




.
A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D. information about measles spreads quickly
immunity works well when




.
A. exemptions are allowed
B. several vaccines are used together
C. the whole neighborhood is involved in
D. new regulations are added to the state laws
is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A. The overuse of vaccine.
B. The lack of medical care.
C. The features of measles itself.
D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
is the purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce the idea of exemption.
B. To discuss methods to cure measles.
C. To stress the importance of vaccination.
D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
Passage 3[2016
四川
,D]
体裁

说明文




A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good
night
’
s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off
—
if it is milked from
a cow at night.


Researchers have discovered that
褪黑激素
),which
has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.


The study,by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk
powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.


Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active
and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study
published in
The

Journal

of

Medicinal

Food.



Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
话题

夜间牛奶

词数

难度

242
★★★

建议时间

5
分钟



While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to
now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.


Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of
the calcium content, which helps people to relax.


Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as
the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the
greater burden you will put on your body at night.
ing to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk



.
d sleep more easily
more anxious
less active
up later
of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?

’
s been tested on mice for ten times.
can make people more energetic.
exists in milk in great amount.

’
s used in sleeping drugs.
can be a suitable title for the text?
Milk and Sleep
, Sugar and Health
Experiment on Mice
Drinking and Health
does the author support the theme of the text?
giving examples.
stating arguments.
explaining statistical data.
providing research results.
Passage 4[2015
广东
,A]
体裁

记叙文

话题

知恩图报

词数

难度

297
★★

建议时间

5
分钟



Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought a popular word game that
used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said,

’
t even been opened yet. That might be worth some money.
Peter examined the box and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic.
And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.

拍卖
)on the Internet, and see what happens,
salesgirl said.

’
re right. People like something rare,
’
t imagine there being
very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.