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欢乐的歌声THE-FAIR-DEBT-COLLECTION-PRACTICES-ACT(美国公平催收法案)

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2021-01-19 12:35
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棒钢-欢乐的歌声

2021年1月19日发(作者:精力英语)
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THE FAIR DEBT COLLECTION PRACTICES ACT
公平债务催收法案

As amended by Public Law 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009 (Sept. 30, 1996)


To amend the Consumer Credit Protection Act to prohibit abusive
practices by debt collectors.

为了规制债务催收人滥用催收行为而修订消费者信贷保护法案。

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled,
That the Consumer Credit
Protection Act (15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end
thereof the following new title:

TITLE VIII - DEBT COLLECTION PRACTICES
[Fair Debt Collection
Practices Act]

Sec.
801
.
Short Title
802
.
Congressional findings and declaration of purpose
803
.
Definitions
804
.
Acquisition of location information
805
.
Communication in connection with debt collection
806
.
Harassment or abuse
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807
.
False or misleading representations
808
.
Unfair practice
809
.
Validation of debts
810
.
Multiple debts
811
.
Legal actions by debt collectors
812
.
Furnishing certain deceptive forms
813
.
Civil liability
814
.
Administrative enforcement
815
.
Reports to Congress by the Commission
816
.
Relation to State laws
817
.
Exemption for State regulation
818
.
Effective date

§ 801
.
Short Title
[15 USC 1601 note]

This title may be cited as the

§ 802.

Congressional findings and declarations of purpose
[15 USC
1692]

(a) There is abundant evidence of the use of abusive, deceptive, and
unfair debt collection practices by many debt collectors. Abusive debt
collection practices contribute to the number of personal bankruptcies,
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to marital instability, to the loss of jobs, and to invasions of individual
privacy.


1.
有充足的证据表明,许多债务催收者通过滥用催收手段、欺骗、不公平的催收手段等方式来进行催收工作。
滥用催收手段导致了大量的个人破产、
婚姻关系
破 裂、失业和对个人隐私的侵犯等不良后果的产生。

(b) Existing laws and procedures for redressing these injuries are
inadequate to protect consumers.


2.
现行的相关法律法规对消费者的保护力度不够。

(c) Means other than misrepresentation or other abusive debt collection
practices are available for the effective collection of debts.

3.
应当使用除了欺骗和其他滥用的催收手段来进行有效的债务催收。


(d) Abusive debt collection practices are carried on to a substantial
extent in interstate commerce and through means and instrumentalities
of such commerce.




在洲际贸易和通过此种方 法和手段进行商业交易的活动中,滥用催收手段的
行为还继续大范围的存在着。。

Even where abusive debt collection practices are purely intrastate in
character, they nevertheless directly affect interstate commerce.

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(e) It is the purpose of this title to eliminate abusive debt collection
practices by debt collectors, to insure that those debt collectors who
refrain from using abusive debt collection practices are not competitively
disadvantaged, and to promote consistent State action to protect
consumers against debt collection abuses.



为了禁止债务催收者滥用催收手段,
保证那些采取正当手段进行催收的催 收机
构在市场竞争中不至于处于不利地位;
为了促进州政府在保护消费者免受债务催
收 者滥用催收手段的侵害的法案的统一,特制订此法案。


§ 803
.
Definitions [15 USC 1692a]

As used in this title --

(1) The term

(2) The term
regarding a debt directly or indirectly to any person through any
medium.

(3) The term
allegedly obligated to pay any debt.

(4) The term
creating a debt or to whom a debt is owed, but such term does not
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include any person to the extent that he receives an assignment or
transfer of a debt in default solely for the purpose of facilitating
collection of such debt for another.

(5) The term
consumer to pay money arising out of a transaction in which the money,
property, insurance or services which are the subject of the transaction
are primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, whether or not
such obligation has been reduced to judgment.

(6) The term
instrumentality of interstate commerce or the mails in any business the
principal purpose of which is the collection of any debts, or who
regularly collects or attempts to collect, directly or indirectly, debts owed
or due or asserted to be owed or due another. Notwithstanding the
exclusion provided by clause (F) of the last sentence of this paragraph,
the term includes any creditor who, in the process of collecting his own
debts, uses any name other than his own which would indicate that a
third person is collecting or attempting to collect such debts. For the
purpose of section 808(6), such term also includes any person who uses
any instrumentality of interstate commerce or the mails in any business
the principal purpose of which is the enforcement of security interests.
The term does not include --

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(A) any officer or employee of a creditor while, in the name of the
creditor, collecting debts for such creditor;

(B) any person while acting as a debt collector for another person, both
of whom are related by common ownership or affiliated by corporate
control, if the person acting as a debt collector does so only for persons
to whom it is so related or affiliated and if the principal business of such
person is not the collection of debts;

(C) any officer or employee of the United States or any State to the
extent that collecting or attempting to collect any debt is in the
performance of his official duties;

(D) any person while serving or attempting to serve legal process on any
other person in connection with the judicial enforcement of any debt;

(E) any nonprofit organization which, at the request of consumers,
performs bona fide consumer credit counseling and assists consumers in
the liquidation of their debts by receiving payments from such
consumers and distributing such amounts to creditors; and

(F) any person collecting or attempting to collect any debt owed or due
or asserted to be owed or due another to the extent such activity (i) is
incidental to a bona fide fiduciary obligation or a bona fide escrow
arrangement; (ii) concerns a debt which was originated by such person;
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(iii) concerns a debt which was not in default at the time it was obtained
by such person; or (iv) concerns a debt obtained by such person as a
secured party in a commercial credit transaction involving the creditor.

(7) The term
and his telephone number at such place, or his place of employment.

(8) The term
United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, or any political subdivision of any of the foregoing.

§ 804
.
Acquisition of location information
[15 USC 1692b]



获取债务人的位置信息

Any debt collector communicating with any person other than the
consumer for the purpose of acquiring location information about the
consumer shall


任何债务催收者出于获取消费者的位置信息的目的,
在和除了消费者本人的
任何人联系 时,应当:

(1) identify himself, state that he is confirming or correcting location
information concerning the consumer, and, only if expressly requested,
identify his employer;

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1 .
表明自己的身份,声明自己在确认或者是在更正相关消费者的位置信息,
如果有明确的要求, 还须披露自己的雇主信息。

(2) not state that such consumer owes any debt;




2.
不能透漏相关消费者欠债的信息。

(3) not communicate with any such person more than once unless
requested to do so by such person or unless the debt collector
reasonably believes that the earlier response of such person is erroneous
or incomplete and that such person now has correct or complete
location information;



3.
不能和上述的人员联系超过 一次,
除非上述人员请求或者债务催收者有合理
的理由相信上述人员之前的回复是错误的或者是 不完整的,
所以需要改正或者补
充完整上述信息。

(4) not communicate by post card;


2.
不能通过明信片来进行联系。

(5) not use any language or symbol on any envelope or in the contents of
any communication effected by the mails or telegram that indicates that
the debt collector is in the debt collection business or that the
communication relates to the collection of a debt; and

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5.
不能在信封上或者内容中使用任何表明 债务催收者在从事债务催收的工作
或者其他和催收债务有关的语言或象征符号;

(6) after the debt collector knows the consumer is represented by an
attorney with regard to the subject debt and has knowledge of, or can
readily ascertain, such attorney's name and address, not communicate
with any person other than that attorney, unless the attorney fails to
respond within a reasonable period of time to the communication from
the debt collector.



6.
在债务催收员知道消费者委托了 律师,
并且知道或者能够知道律师的姓名和
地址的情况下,
其不能再和除该律师以外的 人联系,
除非该律师未能在合理时间
内回复债务催收员。

§ 805
.
Communication in connection with debt collection
[15 USC
1692c]

(a) COMMUNICATION WITH THE CONSUMER GENERALLY.
Without the
prior consent of the consumer given directly to the debt collector or the
express permission of a court of competent jurisdiction, a debt collector
may not communicate with a consumer in connection with the collection
of any debt



1. < br>没有消费者事先的同意或者明确的认可法院的管辖权,债务催收员不能和消
费者进行任何相关债务 催收的联系
-

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(1) at any unusual time or place or a time or place known or which should
be known to be inconvenient to the consumer. In the absence of
knowledge of circumstances to the contrary, a debt collector shall
assume that the convenient time for communicating with a consumer is
after 8 o'clock antimeridian and before 9 o'clock postmeridian, local time
at the consumer's location;




1.
在任何不同寻常的时间 或地点,在债务催收人员知道或者应当知道的消费
者在那么一段时间或处在那个一个地点是不方便的,< br>债务催收员可以假定依照消
费者当地时间消费者在早上
8
点到下午
9< br>点联系是方便的。

(2) if the debt collector knows the consumer is represented by an
attorney with respect to such debt and has knowledge of, or can readily
ascertain, such attorney's name and address, unless the attorney fails to
respond within a reasonable period of time to a communication from the
debt collector or unless the attorney consents to direct communication
with the consumer; or


在债务催收员知道消费者委托了律师,并且知道或者能够知道律师的姓名和
地址的情况下,
其不能再和除该律师以外的人联系,
除非该律师未能在合理时间
内回 复债务催收员或者律师同意直接和消费者联系;或者

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(3) at the consumer's place of employment if the debt collector knows or
has reason to know that the consumer's employer prohibits the
consumer from receiving such communication.


3.
债务催收员知道或者有理由知道 消费者的雇主禁止在消费者工作的场所收
到债务催收的信息。

(b) COMMUNICATION WITH THIRD PARTIES.
Except as provided in
section 804, without the prior consent of the consumer given directly to
the debt collector, or the express permission of a court of competent
jurisdiction, or as reasonably necessary to effectuate a postudgment
judicial remedy, a debt collector may not communicate, in connection
with the collection of any debt, with any person other than a consumer,
his attorney, a consumer reporting agency if otherwise permitted by law,
the creditor, the attorney of the creditor, or the attorney of the debt
collector.

b. 和第三方联系。除了
804
条的规定,没有消费者事先的同意或者明确的认可
法院 的管辖权,债务催收员不能和消费者进行任何相关债务催收的联系
-


(c) CEASING COMMUNICATION.
If a consumer notifies a debt collector
in writing that the consumer refuses to pay a debt or that the consumer
wishes the debt collector to cease further communication with the
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consumer, the debt collector shall not communicate further with the
consumer with respect to such debt, except





中止联系。如果一个消费者书面通知债务催收员 他∕她将绝支付账款,或者消
费者希望债务催收员中止进一步与其联系,
债务催收员应该停止出 于催收相关债
务的目的和消费者进一步联系。除非——

(1) to advise the consumer that the debt collector's further efforts are
being terminated;


1.
通知消费者债务催收员的进一步措施正在被终止;

(2) to notify the consumer that the debt collector or creditor may invoke
specified remedies which are ordinarily invoked by such debt collector or
creditor; or


2.
通知消费者债务催收员或者 债权人可能采取他们一般情况下会采取的特殊
的救济方式;或者

(3) where applicable, to notify the consumer that the debt collector or
creditor intends to invoke a specified remedy.

If such notice from the consumer is made by mail, notification shall be
complete upon receipt.

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3.
在适当的情况下,通知消费者债务催收员或者债权人打算采取 特殊的救济方
式。

如果这样的通知是消费者通过邮件发的,

(d) For the purpose of this section, the term
consumer's spouse, parent (if the consumer is a minor), guardian,
executor, or administrator.



本章所称的“消费者”包括消费者的 配偶,父母(如果消费者是未成年人),
法定监护人,执行人,或者管理人。


§ 806
.
Harassment or abuse
[15 USC 1692d]

A debt collector may not engage in any conduct the natural
consequence of which is to harass, oppress, or abuse any person in
connection with the collection of a debt. Without limiting the general
application of the foregoing, the following conduct is a violation of this
section:

债务催收员不能采取骚 扰、
施压、
或其它过度行为去催收账款。
不限于上述的几
种行为,下列的行为 也是对该款的违反:

(1) The use or threat of use of violence or other criminal means to harm
the physical person, reputation, or property of any person.

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1.
使用威胁或者暴力或者其它的犯罪方式去侵犯人身、名声、或者任何人的财产

(2) The use of obscene or profane language or language the natural
consequence of which is to abuse the hearer or reader.

2.
使用污言秽语进行攻击。

(3) The publication of a list of consumers who allegedly refuse to pay
debts, except to a consumer reporting agency or to persons meeting the
requirements of section 603(f) or 604(3)
1
of this Act.



公布宣称拒绝付款的消费者名单,除非是向消费者报告机构或者符合本法案
603(f) or 604(3)
1
规定的人公布。

(4) The advertisement for sale of any debt to coerce payment of the debt.


4.
发布买卖债权的广告。

(5) Causing a telephone to ring or engaging any person in telephone
conversation repeatedly or continuously with intent to annoy, abuse, or
harass any person at the called number.


5.
持续的打骚扰电话或者进行意图在于骚扰、烦恼债务人的重复致电。

(6) Except as provided in section 804, the placement of telephone calls
without meaningful disclosure of the caller's identity.

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除了在
804
里规定的之外,

§ 807
.
False or misleading representations
[15 USC 1692e]

A debt collector may not use any false, deceptive, or misleading
representation or means in connection with the collection of any debt.
Without limiting the general application of the foregoing, the following
conduct is a violation of this section:

债务催收不能使用任何欺诈或者误导的陈述来进行催收。
不限于 上述的情形,

下的方式也是对该款的违反:

(1) The false representation or implication that the debt collector is
vouched for, bonded by, or affiliated with the United States or any State,
including the use of any badge, uniform, or facsimile thereof.


1.
虚假陈述或者暗示债务催 收员是由政府保证或担保的,包括使用徽章、制服、
或传真来证明。

(2) The false representation of


(A) the character, amount, or legal status of any debt; or



针对任何债务的特点、数量或者法律地位;或者

(B) any services rendered or compensation which may be lawfully
received by any debt collector for the collection of a debt.

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棒钢-欢乐的歌声


棒钢-欢乐的歌声


棒钢-欢乐的歌声


棒钢-欢乐的歌声


棒钢-欢乐的歌声


棒钢-欢乐的歌声


棒钢-欢乐的歌声


棒钢-欢乐的歌声



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