打电话英文翻译mark twain mirror of america翻译 修辞汇总

2021年1月19日发(作者：汽油标号)
Mark Twain-the Mirror of America
Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic
cruise through
eternal
boyhood
and
Tom
Sawyer's
endless
summer of
freedom
and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as
ad-venturous,
patriotic,
romantic,
and
humorous
as
anyone
has
ever
imagined.
I found another Twain as well
–
one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened
by
the
profound
personal
tragedies
life
dealt
him,
a
man
who
became
obsessed
with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall
of night.
在大多数美国人的心目中，马克
?
吐温是位伟大作家， 他描写了哈克
?
费恩永恒的
童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆
?
索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇
的故事。的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情 、浪漫气质及
幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克
?< br>吐温——一
个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克
?
吐温 ，一个为人类
品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。

Tramp
printer,
river
pilot
,
Confederate
guerrilla,
prospector,
starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain
was
born
Samuel
Langhorne
Clemens
and
he
ranged
across
the
nation
for
more
than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before
sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name
from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet)
of
water
--
a
navigable
depth.
His
popularity
is
attested
by
the
fact that
more
than
a
score
of
his
books
remain
in
print,
and
translations
are
still
read around the world.
印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺
家：马克
?
吐温原名塞缪尔
?
朗赫恩
?
克莱门斯， 他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间
浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将 他所感受
到的这一切介绍给全世界。他的笔名取自他在蒸汽船上做工时听到的报告水深为
两口寻
(12
英尺
)
——意即可以通航的信号语。他的作品中有二十几部至今仍在印
行，其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者，由此可见他的享誉程度。

The geographic core, in Twain's early years, was the great valley of the
Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nation's
heart. Keelboats
，
flatboats , and large rafts carried the first major
commerce. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the
delta country; sugar, molasses , cotton, and whiskey traveled north. In
the
1850's,
before
the
climax
of
westward
expansion,
the
vast
basin
drained
three-quarters of the settled United States.


在马克
?
吐温青年时代，美国的地理中心是密西西比河流域，而密西西比河是
这个年轻国家中部的交 通大动脉。龙骨船、平底船和大木筏载运着最重要的商品。
木材、玉米、烟草、小麦和皮货通过这些运载 工具顺流而下，运送到河口三角洲
地区，而砂糖、糖浆、棉花和威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。在19
世纪
50
年
代，西部领土开发高潮到来之前，辽阔的密西西比河流域 占美国已开发领土的四
分之三。

Young Mark
Twain
entered
that
world
in
1857
as
a
cub
pilot
on
a
steamboat.
The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and
varied a cosmos. He participated abundantly in this life, listening to
pilothouse
talk
of
feuds,
piracies,
lynchings
,medicine
shows,
and
savage
waterside
slums.
All
would
resurface
in
his
books,
together
with
the
colorful
language
that
he
soaked
up
with
a
memory
that
seemed
phonographic

1857
年，
少年马克
?
吐温作为蒸汽船上的一名小领航员踏人了这片天地。
在这个
新的工作岗位上，他接触到 的是各式各样的人物，看到的是一个多姿多彩的大干
世界。他完全地投身到这种生活之中，经常在操舵室 里听着人们谈论民间争斗、
海盗抢劫、私刑案件、游医卖药以及河边的一些化外民居的故事。所有这一切 ，
连同他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语言，后来都有机会在
他的作品中得 以再现。

Steamboat
decks
teemed
not
only
with
the
main
current
of
pioneering
humanity,
but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. From them all
Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference
between what people claim to be and what they really are. His four and a
half
year
s
in
the
steamboat
trade
marked
the
real
beginning
of
his
education,
and
the most
lasting
part
of
it.
In
later
life
Twain
acknowledged
that
the
river had acquainted him with every possible type of human nature. Those
acquaintanceships strengthened all his writing, but he never wrote well
than when he wrote of the people a-long the great stream.


蒸汽船的甲板上不仅挤满了富有开拓精神的人们，而且也载着一 些娼妓、赌
棍和歹徒等社会渣滓。从所有这些形形色色的人身上，马克
?
吐温敏锐地认 识了人
类，认识了人们的言与行之间的差距。他在蒸汽船上工作的四年半时间是他真正
接受教育 的开端，而且也是最具有深远意义的教育。到了晚年，马克
?
吐温还声言
是密西西比河 使他了解了各种各样的人的本性。这种生活体验对他的全部创作都
起了促进作用，然而他描写得最为成功 的还是那些密西西比河上的人物。

When railroads began drying up the demand for steam-boat pilots and the
Civil War halted commerce, Mark Twain left the river country. He tried
soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who
diligently
avoided
contact
with
the
enemy.
Twain
quit
after
deciding,

I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating.


随着铁路运输的发展，社会上对汽船领航员的需求日渐减少，而内战的爆发
又阻碍了商业贸易的发展。这时，马克
?
吐温便离开了密西西比河流域。他在南方
邦 联游击队的一支杂牌队伍里当了两个星期的兵。那支队伍想方设法避免与敌军
交战。
在确信“我比发明撤退的人更精通撤退”
之后，
马克
?
吐温离开了那支队伍。< br>
He
went
west
by
stagecoach
and
succumbed
to
the
epidemic
of
gold
and
silver
fever in Nevada's Washoe region. For eight months he flirted with the
colossal
wealth
available
to
the
lucky
and
the
persistent,
and
was
rebuffed.
Broke
and
discouraged,
he
accepted
a
job
as
reporter
with
the
Virginia
City
Territorial Enterprise, to literature's enduring gratitude.


他乘驿 站马车来到西部，在内华达州的华苏地区受到当时正流行的淘金热的
诱惑。同那只有既幸运而又锲而不舍 的追求者才能取得的巨大财富三心二意地打
了八个月交道之后，他遭到了失败。在破产和灰心之余，他接 受了为弗吉尼亚市
《领土开发报》当记者的工作，这一行动将获得文学界永久的感激。

From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging
his
way
to
regional
fame
as
a
newspaper
reporter
and
humorist.
The
instant
riches of a
mining strike
would
not
be
his
in
the
reporting
trade,
but
for
making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. In the spring
of 1864, less than two years after joining the Territorial Enterprise, he
boarded
the
stagecoach
for
San
Francisco,
then
and
now
a
hotbed
of
hopeful
young writers.


自从他因淘金失败而感到心灰意冷之后 ，
马克
?
吐温便开始努力博取作为一名
报社记者和幽默作家的地区性声望。从 事新闻报道工作当然不能使他像淘金成功
者一样立成巨富，
但在挣钱方面他的笔杆却比他的锄镐 要有效得多。
1864
年春季，
在他加盟《领土开发报》还不足两年之时，他又乘驿站 马车前往旧金山，那儿在
当时和现在都是有前途的年轻作家成长的摇篮。

Mark
Twain
honed
and
experimented
with
his
new
writing
muscles,
but
he
had
to leave the city for a while because of some scathing columns he wrote.
Attacks on the city
government,
concerning
such
issues
as mistreatment
of
Chinese,
so
angered
officials
that
he
fled
to
the
goldfields
in
the
Sacramento Valley. His descriptions of the rough-country settlers there
ring familiarly in modern world accustomed to trend setting on the West
Coast.

was
a
splendid
population
–

for
all
the
slow,
sleepy,
sluggish-brained
sloths
stayed
at
home...
It
was
that
population
that
gave
to
California
a
name
for
getting
up
astounding
enterprises
and
rushing
them
through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or
consequences,
which
she
bears
unto
this
day
–

and
when she
projects
a
new
surprise,
the
grave
world
smiles
as
usual,
and
says
'Well,
that
is
California all over. '


马克
?
吐温磨炼并试验了他的新笔力，
但他却因写了一些尖锐的评论文章而被
迫暂时离开这座城市。他围绕着虐待华人等一类问题对市政府提出 的尖锐批评惹
得一些官员大为恼火，因之他只好逃到萨克拉门托山谷的金矿区暂避风头。他对
那 儿的拓荒者们的描写使西海岸地区富有创新精神的现代人倍感亲切。
“这儿的人
们真是了不起— —因为那些笨手笨脚、
无精打彩、
呆头呆脑的懒汉都呆在家里……
正是那些人们为加利 福尼亚赢得了这样的声誉：当他们着手进行一项宏伟的事业
时，他们会不计代价或风险而以一种豪迈的气 概和闯劲勇往直前，一千到底。加
利福尼亚人至今仍保持着这样的声誉，因而，每当他们发起一项新的惊 天动地的
壮举时，那些素来稳重的人便会像往常一样微笑着说：
‘看吧，这完全是加利福尼亚的风格’
。
”

In
the
dreary
winter
of
1864-65
in
Angels
Camp,
he
kept
a
notebook.
Scattered
among notations about the weather and the tedious mining-camp meals lies
an
entry
noting
a
story
he
had
heard
that
day
–

an
entry
that
would
determine
his course forever:
–
bet stranger $$50
–

stranger
had
no
frog,
and
C.
got
him
one
–

in
the
meantime
stranger
filled
C. 's frog full of shot and he couldn't jump. The stranger's frog won.

< br>1864
年与
1865
年之交的那个冬天，马克
?
吐温是在安 吉尔斯矿区度过的。在
这段沉闷的日子里，他记了一本笔记。在杂乱无章的有关天气情况和乏味无趣的< br>有关矿区饭食情况的记录条目中夹着一条叙述当天听到的一则故事的记录——这
条记录决定了他一 生事业的发展方向：
“科尔曼用他的跳蛙——与陌生人赌
50
美
元——陌生人 没有跳蛙，科尔曼去给他弄来一只——陌生人利用这段时间将科的
跳蛙肚子塞满铅弹，这样，科的跳蛙跳 不起来，陌生人的跳蛙便得以获胜。
”

Retold with his descriptive genius, the story was printed in newspapers
across the United States and became known as
of
Calaveras
County.
Mark
Twain's
national
reputation
was
now
well
established as



经过马克
?
吐温的生花妙笔改写之后，这个故事登在美国各地的报纸上，成
了 家喻户晓的“卡拉韦拉斯县有名的跳蛙”
。至此，马克
?
吐温作为“太平洋海岸
狂放的幽默大师”的声望已在全国范围内牢固地确立起来了。

Two
year
s
later
the
opportunity
came
for
him
to
take
a
distinctly
American
look
at the
Old
World.
In
New
York
City
the
steamship
Quaker
City
prepared
to sail on a pleasure cruise to Europe and the Holy Land. For the first
time, a sizable group of United States citizens planned to journey as
tourists -- a milestone , of sorts, in a country's development. Twain was
assigned
to
accompany
them,
as
correspondent
工
for
a
California
newspaper.
If
readers
expected
the
usual
glowing
travelogue
,
they
were
sorely
surprised.


两年之后，他得到了一个以美国人特有的眼光去 观察欧洲旧大陆的机会。在
纽约市，
“费城号”蒸汽船准备进行一次到欧洲和圣地的观光航行。 这是美国人第
一次组织较大规模的团体观光旅行——也可以看作是一个国家发展史上的某种里
程 碑。马克
?
吐温作为加利福尼亚一家报纸的记者被委派随同观光团采访。如果读