期盼英文Text B College pressures 课文词汇注释-unit 1 college life

2021年1月19日发(作者：宫哲)
Text B College pressures
课文词汇注释
-unit 1 college life

Text B College Pressures
Section A Key Words and Expresssions

economic
a.
[
no comp
.] connected to trade, industry, and the management of money; of
economics
［无比较级］经济（上）的；经济学的


e.g. What has gone wrong with the economic system during the last ten years?
The country has been in a very poor economic state ever since the decline of its two major
industries.

peer

n.
fml or tech
a person of the same age, class, position, etc., as oneself
〖正式或术语
〗同辈，等级、地位等相同的人；同龄人


e.g. Children are worried about failing in front of their peers.
These children scored significantly lower on intelligence tests than others in their peer
group.

self- induced
a.
brought on by oneself or itself
自身引起的

e.g. Most of the troubles he is now faced with are self-induced.

charge
1.
vt.
[(
for
)] ask in payment [
常与
for
连用
]
要价；（向
……
）收费；索取（金额）


e.g. I could not believe that the restaurant charged us 500 yuan for such a simple dinner.

The local museum doesn’t charge for admission.

2.
v.

rush (as if) in an attack
（向
……
）进攻，冲锋；冲向

e.g. The children charged into the playground.
3.
vt.

bring an esp. criminal charge against; accuse
控告；指控

e.g. He was charged with the robbery.
4.

vt.
fml
instruct or command; give as a duty or responsibility
〖正式〗指示；命令；使负责

e.g. She charged me to look after her son.

5.

v.

(cause to) take in and store electricity
（使）充电

e.g. If the red light comes on, it means the battery is charging.
victim

n.
[(
of
)] a person, animal, or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, destruction, etc., as
a
result of other people’s actions, or of illness, bad luck, etc. [
常与
of
连用
]
牺牲者，受害
者

e.g. The children are the innocent victims of the fighting.

There is no doubt that he looked upon himself as the victim of injustice.
Collocations:

an innocent victim of ……
的无辜受害者

an accident / earthquake victim
事故
/
地震受害者

fall victim to
受
……
之害

economy
n.
[C] the system by which a country’s wealth is produced and used
经济体制，经
济情况


e.g. Tourism contributes millions of pounds to the country’s economy.

An atmosphere of pessimism pervades the economy.
Collocations:

a collective / free- market economy
集体
/
自由市场经济

a national / planned economy
国民
/
计划经济

tuition
n.
esp. AmE

the price of or payment for instruction
〖尤美〗学费


e.g. Few can afford the tuition of $$12,000 a term.

My uncle will pay my tuition and also provide for my living expenses.
fee
n.
a sum of money paid for professional services to a doctor, lawyer, private school, etc.
（付给医生、律师等的）专业服务费；（私立学校的）学费

e.g. The doctor’s fee was fifty dollars for a complete physical examination.

I thought
the accountant’s fee rather high.

sum
n.

[C (
of
)] an amount (of money); the total produced when numbers, amounts, etc., are
added together

[
常与
of
连用
]
金额；和；总数，总和


e.g.
I had to spend a large sum of money to get my car repaired because I didn’t have insurance.

Huge sums of money are spent on national defense.

accumulate
vt.

make or become greater in quantity or size, esp. over a long period; collect or
grow into a mass
积累，积聚


e.g. I have accumulated a lot of things over the last four years.

As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their
incomes.

loan
n.
sth. which is lent, esp. money
借出之物，借（贷）款


e.g. We took out a loan with low interest to expand the business.

She’s trying to get a $$50,000 loan to start her own business.

Collocations :

raise a loan
筹借一笔贷款

make a loan to
贷款给
……

get / receive a loan
得到
/
获得贷款

pay off / repay a loan
清偿借款

financial

a.
connected with money and finance
财政的；金融的

e.g. The City of London is a great financial centre of the world.

We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.

tough
a.
difficult to do or deal with; not easy; needing effort
难对付的，困难的，费力的


e.g. The company faces tough competition.
It’s one of the best colleges and it’s very tough to get into.

determination
n.
[U] the ability to make firm decisions and act in accordance with them;
strong will to succeed
决断力；决心；决意，决定


e.g. She is a woman of great determination who always tries to get what she wants.
They’re pursuing their aims with great determination.

lab

n.
infml
laboratory
〖非正式〗试验室

e.g. Lab tests suggest that the new drug may be used to treat cancer.

I don’t know the names of the objects in this lab.

dentist

n.
a person who has been professionally trained to treat the teeth
牙科医生


e.g. You should have your teeth checked by a dentist at least twice a year.

I must make an appointment with the dentist.
web
n.
a net of thin threads made esp. by spiders to catch insects
（尤指蜘蛛的）网

e.g. We watched a spider spin a web between three tall grass stems.

He had created a spider’s web of communicatio
ns.
steer

vt.

make (esp. a boat or road vehicle) go in a particular direction
驾驶< br>（车
、
船）
朝
……
走；操纵（车、船的方向盘）


e.g. He steered the boat carefully between the rocks.
Our garage door isn’t very wide and it’s quite difficult to steer the car through it.

secure
a.
[(
from
,
against
)] safe; protected against danger or risk; closed, firm, or tight enough for
safety [
常与
from
或against
连用
]
安全的；没有危险的，受保护的；紧闭的；牢固的，
可靠的


e.g.
Since I’m a college student now, my parents are able to feel secure about my future.

Car manufacturers ought to produce vehicles which are more secure against theft.

classics
n.
the languages, literature, and history of ancient Greece and Rome
古希腊和古罗马的
语言，文学及历史；（大学）古典学课程

e.g. Students could choose between studying a second foreign language or classics.

practical
a.
connected with action, practice, or actual conditions and results, rather than
with ideas
实践的，实际的

e.g. You should find a more practical method of getting the job done.
What’s the use of theoretical knowledge that has no practical application?

faculty
n.
[(
of
)] a natural power of the mind or body; an ability or skill [
常与
of
连用
]
天
赋，才能，能力

e.g. She has a faculty for inspiring confidence in people.

Each man is free to exercise his special faculty to the utmost.
creative

a.
apprec
producing new and original ideas and things imaginative and inventive
〖褒〗创造（性）的；有创造力的


e.g. I like to do things in a creative way which is different from everyone else.

He has shown a creative genius since young.
specific a.

particular; fixed, determined, or named
具体的，特有的，特定的


e.g. The money was collected for a specific purpose.
Can you cite any specific evidence in support of your opinion?

profession

n.
a form of employment, esp. one that is possible only for an educated person
and after training (such as law, medicine, or teaching) and that is respected in society
as honourable
（尤指受过教育和专门训练的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的）
专业，职业

e.g. She decided on law as her ultimate profession.

He left the teaching profession in 1995 to set up his own business.

CF : profession, occupation, trade, vocation, business

这些名词都可表示
“
职业
”
。

?
pr ofession
常指受过相当高的教育才能达到的职业位置，而且指涉及人们创造性的脑力劳
动，而不是体力劳动的职业。例如：
She intends to make teaching her profession.
?
occupation
指某人通常赖以谋生的 并训练有素的工作职位
，
不一定指某人眼前正在干的工
作。例如：
By occupation, the unemployed is a teacher.
?
trade
指一项谋生的方式
，
从手艺性职业
，
技艺劳动
，
到低微的仆役工作
。
例如
：
He is learning
the carpenter’s trade.

?
vocation< br>指人们愿意选择来长期从事工作的领域，它不一定是他们谋生的手段。例如：
He
chose painting as his vocation and earned his living by working as a waiter.

?
busi ness
指人们为了追逐利润而从事的职业
，
如商业
、
贸易
、
银行业等
。
例如
：
His business
is foreign trade.

severe

a.
causing serious harm, pain, worry, or discomfort; not kind or gentle in treatment;
not allowing failure or change in rules, standards, etc.
严重的；剧烈的；严厉的；严格
的；严肃的；苛刻的

e.g. Doctors say that his head injuries are severe and an operation must be performed
immediately.
Lesley has been under severe pressure recently.

truly

ad.
really; exactly; in accordance with the truth
真正地；确实地，准确地，严格地


e.g. Mushrooms aren’t truly vegetables, but many people think they are.

I am truly grateful for all your help.
obligated

a.
morally or legally bound; constrained
（感到）有责任的，有义务的

e.g. Parents are obligated to support their children.

A witness in court is obligated to tell the truth.
fulfill

vt.
BrE
carry out (an order, conditions, etc.); obey
〖英〗履行（条件等）；执行；
遵守（命令等）


e.g. The conditions of the contract must be fulfilled exactly.

He ha
s sacked his finance minister for “having failed to fulfill his job obligations”.

expectation
n.
the act of expecting or sth. that is expected
预期；预期的事物

e.g. We thought Mary would pass the test, but against expectation, she didn’t.

Now that our two groups have merged we can all have great expectations for the future.

Collocations:

come up to / live up to / meet expectation
不负所望

fall short of expectation
辜负期望

great / high expectation
厚望

beyond expectation
出乎意料地

dean
n.
(in some universities)

a person in charge of a division of study or in charge of studies
and their behaviour
（某些大学的）学院院长；系主任；训导长，学监

e.g. The Dean will be taking all freshmen on a tour of the department this afternoon.

He has obtained the consent of the dean for going abroad.