小学英语手抄报内容-我的自传作文
新托福阅读长难句
120
句（分析
+
译文）
12
月
16
日
1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s
surface
，
the deep
—
ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans
，
in some ways as forbidding and remote
as the void of outer space.
(
定语后置
in some ways…)
由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深 海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，
在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句
1
：
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures
分句
2
：
hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface
分句
3
：
the deep
—
ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans
分句
4
：
in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space
分句
2
修饰分句
1
结尾的短语
intense pressures
，
分句
1
是分句
3
的原因状语
分句
3
是整个长句子的主句
分句
4
是 分句
3
的后置定语，修饰分句
3
的
a hostile environment to humans
整个句子结构是：
原因状语
+
主句
+
后置定语
这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是
一个充满敌意的环境。
to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the
Second World War is the country's
impressive population growth
．
(
倒装结构
Basic to any understanding…is…)
要理解二战之后
20
年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
分句
1
：
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the
Second World War
分句
2
：
is
分句
3
：
the country's impressive population growth
分句
1
，
2
，< br>3
共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是
3
，
2
，
1< br>，即：该句的正常语序是
The country's impressive
population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20
years after the Second World War
．
本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是
is.
a result
，
claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of
organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other
benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis
for folklore
．
(
同位语从句
claims that…)
结果，那些 认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。
分句
1
：
that
eating
a
diet
consisting
entirely
of
organically
grown
foods
prevents
or
cures
disease
or
provides other benefits to health
分句
2
：
claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore
分句
2
嵌套分句
1
，
分句
1
作为分句
2
主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句
2
中。
因此本句的主句是
claim s have become
widely
publicized and form the basis for folklore.
那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。同位语从句是
that eating a diet consisting entirely
of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides
other benefits to health
：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康
are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins
are superior to synthetic ones
，
that fertilized eggs are
nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs
，
that untreated grains
are better than fumigated grains and the like
．
(
并列同位语从句
reports that…
，
that…
，
that…)
关于 天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好
等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。
分句
1
：
There are numerous unsubstantiated reports
分句
2
：
natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones
分句
3
：
that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs
分句
4
：
that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like
分句
1
是整个长句的主句，
分句2
、
分句
3
和分句
4
是并列关系，共同构成分句
1
的同位语从句。
本句的意思是有
很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过 证实的报道的从句。
5·
The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that
reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North
，
though less spectacularly
．
(
同位语从句
fact that…)
南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建
(
尽 管不像南方那么引人注目
)
这一事实显得不太重要。
分句
1. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact
分句
2. reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North
分句
less spectacularly
（省略）
1
和
2
嵌套
1
和
3
并列
6·
The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every
major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and
fueled what we now know as urban sprawl
．
(
宾语从句
what we now know as)
现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发 了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们
现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。
分句
1
：
The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost
every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and
fueled
分句
2
：
what we now know as urban sprawl
分句
1
嵌套分句
2
，
即分句1
是主句，
分句
2
是宾语从句，
主句结构经过精简应该是
The new accessibility of land
sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban
sprawl
。
本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词
fue l
，它作为名词的含义广为人知，是能源、燃料，作为动词的时候的意思就可
以引申为促使、造 成。
these factors do not account for the interesting question of
how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs
in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth
．
(Of
结构作定语：
of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant
ichthyosaurs…)
但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题： 为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。
分句
1
：
But these factors do not account for the interesting question
分句
2
：
of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant
ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of
giving birth
< br>分句
1
嵌套分句
2.
分句
2
是
Of
结构作后置定语修饰说明
question
的内容。
8. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around
the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of
rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent
，
the two captains set out
．
(
同位语从句
rumo
rs that…)
当时有一些传言，说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动，而且在这 一区域的某个地方有一座巨大的盐石山，其
面积达
80
英里长
50
英 里宽。就在这些传言中，两位上尉出发了。
分句
1
：
Amid rumors
分句
2
：
that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the
unknown region
分句
3
：
and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80
by 45 miles in extent
分句
4
：
the two captains set out
分句
1
和分句
4
构成倒装，正常的语序应该是分句
4+分句
1
，即
the two captains set out Amid
rumors
。分句
1
嵌套分句
2
和 分句
3
，分句
2
和分句
3
是修饰分句
1
的
rumors
的同位语从句，用来说明谣言的
具体内容。分句
2
和分 句
3
构成并列关系。
9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord
，
and the
harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group
，
a
supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end
of the eighteenth century
．
(
同位语
a supremacy)
17
世纪时风琴、
敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类 的主要成员，
这种至高无上的地位一直由它们保持，
直到
18
世纪
末 被钢琴所取代。
分句
1
：
In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord
，
and the
harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group
，
分句
2
：
a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at
the end of the eighteenth century
分句< br>2
是分句
1
的同位语从句，用来修饰说明分句
1
中的
the chief instruments of the keyboard group
10
．
A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the
nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain
tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire
of the finest quality
，
finally produced an instrument capable of
myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost
orchestral fullness of sound
，
from a liquid
，
singing tone to a sharp,
percussive brilliance
．
(
介词结构
from…to…
作定语
)
持续到
19
世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使 用最佳牲能
的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器
——
这些效果涵盖了从最 精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，
从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。
分句
1
：
A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the
nineteenth century
分句
2
：
including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to
soften it
分句
3
：
the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest
quality
分句
4
：
finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects
分句
5
：
from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral
fullness of sound
，
分句
6
：
from a liquid
，
singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance
本句的真正的主句结构其实是由分句
1
和分句
4
构成，即
A series of mechanical improvements
continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an
instrument capable of myriad tonal effects
，
，分句
2和分句
3
并列修饰说明分句
1
中的
A
series of mechanical improvements
，而分句
5
和分句
6
并列，修饰说明了分句
4
中的
an instrument
capable of myriad tonal effects
11
．
The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish,
rose in five terraced stories
，
contained more than 800 rooms
，
and
could have housed a population of 1
，
000 or more
．
最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为
Pueblo Bonito(
美丽的城镇
)
，
是一个五层梯式楼，
有
800
多间房子，
能够 容纳
1 000
人以上。
分句
1
：
The largest rose in five terraced stories
，
contained more than
800 rooms
，
and could have housed a population of 1
，
000 or more
分句
2
：
later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish
分句
1
嵌套分句
2
，分句
2
用来修饰分句
1
的主语
the largest,
分句
1
内部是由三个并列的谓语构成的句子。
12
．
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before
1927 as “silent”
，
the film has never been
，
in the full sense of the
word, silent
．
(
倒装
accustomed though we are…=though we are accustomed…)
虽然我们习惯于将
1927
年以前的电影叫做
“
无声电影
”
，但是就
“
无声
’ ’
这个词的完整意义上说，电影从未真正的无
声过。
分句
1
：
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before
1927 as “silent”
分句
2
：
the film has never been silent
分句
3
：
in the full sense of the word
本句的难点是在分句
1
内部有一个倒装，正常的语序应该是
though we are accustomed to speaking of
the films made before 1927 as
silent.
分句
3
是一个插入语，嵌套在分句
2
中，所以本句的真正强调的核心是the film has never been
silent
。
a number of years the selection of music for each film
program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of
the orchestra
，
and very often the principal qualification far holding
such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a
large personal library of musical pieces
．
(
特殊结构
not…SO much as…——
与其说
…
不如说
…)
在好些年内， 为各部影片选择配乐的权力完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中，而通常担任这种职位的资格与其说是
技巧或 鉴赏品位，不如说是个人拥有音乐作品的丰富收藏。
分句
1
：
.For a number of years the selection of music for each film
program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of
the orchestra
分句
2
：
and very often the principal qualification far holding such a
position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large
personal library of musical pieces
分句
1
和分句
2
构成并列关系，分句
2
的难点在于
not…… so much as
的结构。
14·
Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species
and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of
biological diversity
，
the number of species in a particular
ecosystem
，
to the health of the Earth and human well-being
．
(
倒装
coincident with concerns…has been…=…has been coincident with
concerns…)
在对物种和动物栖息地加速消失表示关注的同时， 人们也越来越认识到生物多样化，即一个特定生态系统中物种
的数量对地球的健康以及人类幸福的重要性 。
分句
1
：
Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species
and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of
biological diversity
分句
2
：
the number of species in a particular ecosystem
分句
3
：
to the health of the Earth and human well-being
分句
1
内部构成倒装，正常语序应该是
concerns about the accelerating loss of species and
habitats has been coincident with a growing appreciation of the
importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and
human well-being
所以真正的主句经过精简之后是
concerns has been coincident with a growing
appreciation
分句
2
是一个插入语，用来解释说明分句
1
结尾的
biologi cal diversity
fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit
the world's rain forests does not seem surprising
，
considering the
huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species
．
(
同位语从句
fact that…
；定语从句
that comprise the bulk…)
考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数 量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃
惊。
分句
1
：
The fact does not seem surprising
分句
2
：
that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the
world's rain forests
分句
3
：
considering the huge numbers of insects
分句
4
：
that comprise the bulk of the species
分句
1
嵌套分句2
，分句
2
解释说明分句
1
的主语
the
fact,
是同位语从句，
分句
3
作为分句
1< br>的原因状语，
分句
4
是定语从句，
修饰分句
3
的the huge numbers of insects
appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the
sea
，
it helps to think small
．
(
特殊结构
it helps to…
做
…
有帮助
)
要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助。
目的状语：
To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the
sea,
主句：
it helps to think small
．
（这里的
it
是形式主语，没有实际意义）
1 e is built with facts just as a house is built with
bricks
，
but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more
than a pile of bricks can be called a house
．
(
特殊结构
not any more than
像
…
一样不
…)
科学建立在事实上， 就像房子用砖砌成一样。但收集的事实不能被叫做科学，就像一堆砖不能被称为房子一样。
分句
1.
Science is built with facts just as a house is built with
bricks,
分句
2.
but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more
than a pile of bricks can be called a house.
1
和
2
是并列分句
（转折关系）
variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side
of the body is used to perform specific activities
．
(
从句
which side…is used…
作
corresponds to
的宾语
两个半球之间的不同与身体的哪一部分用于进行特定的活动是对应的。
分句
1.
The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to
分句
2.
which side of the body is used to perform specific activities
．
1
和
2
是嵌套
1
是主句，
2
做主句的宾语
a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the
realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth
，
Donald
Barthelme
，
and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times
determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially
mimetic quality of her fiction
．
(
特殊结构
characterized by…——
以
…
为特征
)
尽管处于一个以抛弃大量现实 主义传统
(
以作家约翰
·
巴思、唐纳德
·
巴塞尔姆和托马斯 ．
品钦为代表
)
为特征的时代，
乔伊斯
·
卡罗尔
·
欧茨因为坚持自己小说本质上模仿的特点，有时候看起来是一个坚定的守旧派。
分句
1.
characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic
tradition by authors such as John Barth
，
Donald Barthelme
，
and Thomas
Pynchon,
分句
2.
Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly
old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality
of her fiction
．
分句
1
做时间状语
“In a period”
的后置定语，补充修饰
period
，相当于省略了
“which was”
的定语从句
分句
2
是主句
20
．
If it were not for this faculty
，
they would devour all the food
available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of
existence
．
(
虚拟语气
)
如果不是具有这种能力，它们就会在短时间内吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很可能会因饿死而 灭绝。
分句
1.
If it were not for this faculty
分句
2.
they would devour all the food available in short time
分句
3.
would probably starve themselves out of existence
分句
1
是虚拟句的条件从句
分句
2
、
3
是并列，
主句
light,
新托福
,
分析
, hundreds, without
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串个门加好友打招呼发消息沙发
发表于
2011-8-30 11:09:51 |
只看该作者
21
．
Individualism is weakly developed
in folk cultures
，
as are social classes
．
(
倒装
as are social classes)
’
个人主义和社会阶层在民间文化群体中的发展十分薄弱。
分句
1.
Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures
分句
2.
as are social classes
1
和
2
并列，
2
采用倒装语序，
as
表示
“
也，和
…
一样
”
22
．
People in the United States in the nineteenth century were
haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's
economy would bring social chaos
．
(
同位语从句
prospect that…)
19
世纪的美国人因为害怕国家经济中史无前例的变化会带 来社会混乱这一前景而提心吊胆。
分句
1.
People in the United States in the nineteenth century were
haunted by the prospect
分句
2.
unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring
social chaos
．
1
和
2
嵌套，
1
是主句，
2
具体解释说明
prospect
23
．
Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured
increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the
nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other
nonagricultural pursuits
．
(
倒装
Accompanying that growth was a structural change that…=A
structural change…was accompanying that growth)
伴随着这一增长的是一个结构变化，它以经济的不断多样化和国家劳动力从农业到制造业和其他非农业职业的逐< br>渐转化为特征。
分句
1.
Accompanying that growth was a structural change
分句
2.
featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual
shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing
and other nonagricultural pursuits
1
和
2
是嵌套
分句
1
是主句，且采用完全倒装的形式
分句
2
是定语从句，修饰
change.
这个定语从句结构较复杂， 由
2
个
and
连接三个并列的名词性成分
24
．
As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly
defined, so did the roles they played in the home
．
(
倒装
so did…)
随着男人和女人在社会中扮演的角色被限定得更加严格，他们在家中的角色也是如此。
分句
1.
the roles
became more rigidly defined
分句
2.
men and women played in society
分句
3.
so did the roles
分句
4.
they played in the home
．
1
和
2
嵌套，
3
和
4
嵌套
1
和
3
并列
2
和
4
分别作为定语从句修饰
roles
3
是由
so
引导的部分倒装句
nding the column are three sepals and three
petals
，
sometimes easily recognizable as such
，
often distorted into
gorgeous
，
weird
，
but always functional shapes
．
(
倒装
Surrounding the column are…)
围绕着蕊柱的是三个萼片和三个花瓣，有时很容易辨认出来，但经常被扭成华丽、
奇特但总是有用的形状。
分句
1.
Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals
分句
2.
sometimes easily recognizable as such
，
often distorted into
gorgeous
，
weird
，
but always functional shapes
．
1
是主句，
采用完全倒装
26
．
With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War
and the economic boom that followed it
，
young people married and
established households earlier and began to raise larger families
than had their predecessors during the Depression
．
(
倒装
than had their predecessors
—
比较结构的第二部分
)
随着二战带 来的持续繁荣以及随之而来的经济增长，年轻人比大萧条中的同龄人结婚成家更早，而且养育的家庭
比他 们的前辈更大。
分句
1.
the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War
分句
2.
the economic boom that followed it
分句
3.
young people married and established households earlier
分句
4.
began to raise larger families than had their predecessors
during the Depression
．
1
和
2
并列，
3
和
4
并列
1
和
2
是伴随状语
3
和
4
是主句
27
．
The railroad could be and was a despoiler of
nature
；
furthermore
，
in its manifestation of speed and noise
，
it might
be a despoiler of human nature as well
．
(
关联结构
could be and was)
铁路可以，事实上也是自然的掠夺者；而且，在其速度和噪音的表现上也可能是人性的掠夺者。
分句
1.
The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature
分句
2.
it might be a despoiler of human nature as well
．
1
和
2
是并列
（由分号连接的两个并列分句）
28
．
In the railroads' prime years
，
between 1 890 and 1920
，
there were a
few individuals in the United States
，
most of them with solid
railroading experience behind them
，
who made a profession of writing
about railroading--works offering the ambience of stations
，
yards
，
and
locomotive cabs
．
(
同位语
most of them
；定语从句
who made a profession of writing)
在
1890
年到< br>1920
年间铁路的黄金时期，美国有几个人
(
他们大多有丰富的铁路经验)
以写铁路题材为职业
——
作
品围绕车站、停车场和机车。
分句
1.
there were a few individuals in the United States
分句
2.
most of them with solid railroading experience behind them
分句
3.
who made a profession of writing about railroading
分句
4.
works offering the ambience of stations
，
yards
，
and locomotive
cabs
．
1
是主句
2
和
3
是嵌套
2
作为
1
中
a few individuals
的同位语，对它进一步解释说明
29
．
On the other hand
，
when it comes to substantive--particularly
behavioral-information
，
crows are less well known than many
comparably common species and
，
for that matter
，
not a few quite
uncommon ones
：
the endangered California condor
，
to cite one obvious
example
．
(
特殊结构
for that matter)
另一方面，当涉 及实质性的，特别是行为方面的信息时，乌鸦就不如许多比较而言很普通的鸟类那样为人所知；
而且，也 不如许多很不寻常的鸟类，举一个明显的例子，如像濒危的加利福尼亚大秃鹫那样为人所知。
分句
1.
when it comes to substantive--particularly
behavioral-information
分句
2.
crows are less well known than many comparably common species
and, for that matter
，
not a few quite uncommon ones
：
the endangered
California condor
，
to cite one obvious example
．
1
和
2
是并列，
分句
1
是时间状语，
2
是主句，其中包含插入语结构
以及冒号连接的解释说明的成分
30
．
Keen observers and quick learners
，
they are astute about the
intentions of other creatures
，
including researchers
，
and adept at
avoiding them
．
(
并列同位语
keen observers and quick learners)
乌鸦是敏锐的观察家和快捷的学习者，它们对其他生物
(包括研究人员
)
的意图感觉非常敏锐，并且善于躲开它们。
分句
1.
they are astute about the intentions of other
creatures
，
including researchers
分句
2.
and adept at avoiding them
．
1
和
2
是并列
31
．
These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can
be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history
，
providing
flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose
existences might not otherwise be so well documented
．
(
宾语从句
demonstrate that…
；特殊结构
otherwise)
这些研究人员已经力图证实 他们的工作不仅可以成为科学而且还是历史的宝贵工具，为了解普通人的日常生活提
供崭新的观点，否则 这些普通人的生存状态不可能被记载得这么好。
分句
1
：
These researchers have sought to demonstrate that
分句
2
：
their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also
of history
分句
3
：
providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people
分句
4
：
whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented
．
分句
1
是整个长句子的主句
分句
2
是分句
1
的宾语从句
分句
3
是动词同位语从句，以分词形式表示伴随状态
分句
4
补充说明，是
3
的从句。
1
和
2
嵌套
1
和
3
并列
3
和
4
嵌套
32
．
Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil
War(1861-- 1865)a government train carrying oxen traveling through
the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and
had to be abandoned
．
(
特殊结构
Legend has it that…=There is a legend that…)
传说在内战
(1861--1865)快结束的某个时候，
一列载着牛群的政府的火车在穿过怀俄明州东部的北部平原时遇到了
暴 风雪，因此不得不被遗弃。
分句
1
：
Legend has it that
分句
2
：
sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861--1865)a government
train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern
Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm
分句
3
：
and had to be abandoned
分句
1
是整个长句子的形式主句
分句
2
是分句
1
的具体解释，也是真正的主句。这里出现了几个分词形式，如
“ carrying oxen” “traveling
through……”
等，完全可以换成
“that/which carries……”
，但这里都作为修饰成分，从简分析
分句
3
是
2
的并列
1
和
2
、
3
嵌套
2
和
3
并列
33
．
It is a lifelong process
，
a process that starts long before the
start of school and one that should be an integral part of one's
entire life
．
(
并列同位语
a process th
at…
，
and one that…)
教育是一个终生的过程，早在人们上学之前就开始了。它应成为人的一生中不可缺少的一部分。
分句
1
：
It is a lifelong process
，
a process
分句
2
：
that starts long before the start of school
分句
3
：
and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life
分句
1
是整个长句子的形式主句
分句
2
是分句
1
的同位语从句，是对
1
的进一步解 释说明
分句
3
是
2
的并列句，同为对
1
的解释说明
1
和
2
、
3
嵌套
2
和
3
并列
34
．
Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of
an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life
．
(
特殊结构
as much…as
；倒装
as was the genesis of life)
生命从海洋到陆地的过渡可能是一个像生命起源那样的进化挑战。
分句
1
：
Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much
of an evolutionary challenge
分句
2
：
as was the genesis of life
分句
1
是整个长句子的主句，虽然这一部分很长，但 主谓宾只有一套，而且顺序是正常的
分句
2
是倒装句，按正当语序相当于
“the genesis of life was as……
（省略）
”
1
和
2
嵌套
35
．
In agriculture
，
the transformation was marked by the emergence of
the grain elevators
，
the cotton presses
，
the warehouses
，
and the
commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers
the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them
．
(
特殊结构
marked by
；定语从句
t
hat seemed…the visible sign…)
在农业上，这一变化的标志是谷物升降机、皮棉打包机厂、货栈和商 品交换的出现
,
对全国的众多农民来说它们是
反对农民的大阴谋的明显标志。
分句
1
：
In agriculture
，
the transformation was marked by the emergence of
the grain elevators
，
the cotton presses
，
the warehouses
，
and the
commodity exchanges
分句
2
：
that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign
of a vast conspiracy against them
分句
1
是整个长句子的主句，其中宾语部分是由几个并列短语构成的
分句
2
是分句
1
的定语从句，进一步解释了这些东西何以 成为了
“
标志
”
1
和
2
嵌套
36
．
And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where
individual contractors presided over what were essentially
handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building
．
(where
引导定语从句；
wh at
引导的从句作
presided over
的宾语
)
仍然有像金属制造厂一类的工厂，在那里个体承包商管理在同一幢楼里的本质上是手工艺品所有人的工场。
分句
1
：
And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork
分句
2
：
where individual contractors presided over
分句
3
：
what were essentially handicraft proprietorships
分句
4
：
that coexisted within a single building
分句
1
是整个长句子的主句
分句
2
是分句
1
的定语从句
分句
3
是
2
的宾语从句
分句
4
是
3
的定语从句。
1
和
2
嵌套
2
和
3
嵌套
3
和
4
嵌套
37
．
But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7
million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8
．
4 million in 1920
．
the
number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in
Philadelphia burgeoned
，
as did the size of the average plant
．
(
倒装结构
as did…)
但随着制造业中挣工资的人数从
1880
年的
270
万上 升到
1900
年的
450
万到
1920
年的
840
万，像费城的包德
温机车工厂这样的大型工厂的数量也大幅增加，同时普通工厂的规模也剧增。
分句
1
：
But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7
million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8
．
4 million in 1920
分句
2
：
the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in
Philadelphia burgeoned
分句
3
：
as did the size of the average plant
分句
2
是整个长句子的主句
分句
1
是分句
2
的状语
分句
3
是
2
的并列句，同时它是一个省略句
1
和
2
、
3
嵌套
2
和
3
并列
38
．
What we today call American folk art was
，
indeed, art of, by, and
for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and
leisure, created a market for art of all kinds
．
and especially for
portraits
．
(what
引导的从句作主语；介词结构
(art)of
，
by
，
and for
…——…
所有、所创和所享的
(
艺术
))
我们今天所称的美国民间艺术确实是被普通民众所有、所创和所享的艺 术。随着日渐繁荣和不断增加的空闲，这
些民众为各种艺术，尤其是肖像艺术创造了一个市场。
分句
1
：
What we today call American folk art
分句
2
：
was
，
indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks”
分句
3
：
who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market
for art of all kinds
．
and especially for portraits
分句
1
是
2
的主语从句
分句
2
是整个长句子的主句
分句
3
是
2
的定语从句，修饰
folks
，中间虽然有多个插入语，但仍是一个分句< br>
1
和
2
嵌套
3
和
2
嵌套
39
．
But in the heyday of portrait painting--from the late eighteenth
century until the 1850’s—
anyone with a modicum of artistic ability
could become a limner as such a portraitist was called.
(as
引导方式状语从句
)
但是在肖像画的全盛期< br>——
从
18
世纪晚期一直到
19
世纪
50
年 代
——
任何一个稍有艺术能力的人都能够成为一个
绘画者
(
人们当时 就是这样称呼一个肖像画家的
)
。
分句
1
：
But in the heyday of portrait painting--from the late eighteenth
century until the 1850’s—
anyone with a modicum of artistic ability
could become a limner as
分句
2
：
such a portraitist was called.
分句
1
是整个长句子的主句，中间的插入部分都是由介词引导，可见并不能算作分句
分句
2
是分句
1
的方式状语从句，由
as
引导
1
和
2
嵌套
40
．
The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from
its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one
，
and in fact
，
in
1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and
craftspeople
．
(
并列句；特殊结构
far from)
新生的美国从其殖民地 时期的先辈那里继承的雕塑遗产远远谈不上丰富，而且，实际上在
1776
年雕塑作为
—
种艺
术形式仍然掌握在手艺人和工匠的手里。
分句
1
：
The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from
its colonial predecessors
分句
2
：
was far from a rich one
分句
3
：
and in fact
，
in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the
hands of artisans and craftspeople
分句
2
和
3
是整个长句子的主句
分句
1
是分句
2
的主语从句
分句
3
是
2
的并列句
1
和
2
嵌套
2
和
3
并列
举报
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串个门加好友打招呼发消息板凳
发表于
2011-8-30 11:10:39 |
只看该作者
41
．
0n the rare occasion when a fine
piece of sculpture was desired
，
Americans turned to foreign
sculptors
，
as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and
Charleston, South Carolina
，
commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton
to make marble statues of William Pitt
．
(
句子主干是
Americans turned to foreign sculptors
；两个
when
都引导定语从句：
occasion
when…
，
1770's when…
；
as(in the 1770's)
的意思是
“
正如
”)
在少数情 况下，当需要一件精美的雕刻品时，就像
1770
年纽约与南卡罗来纳的查尔斯顿城委托英国人 约瑟夫
·
威
尔顿制造威廉
·
皮特的大理石雕像一样，美国人求助于外 国人。
分句
1
：
0n the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired
分句
2
：
Americans turned to foreign sculptors
分句
3
：
as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston,
South Carolina
，
commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make
marble statues of William Pitt
．
分句
2
是整个长句子的主句
分句
1
是分句
2
的定语从句
分句
3
是分句
2
的定语从句
1
和
2
嵌套
2
和
3
并列
42
．
Add to this the timidity with which unschooled
artisans
—
originally trained as stonemasons
，
carpenters
，
or
cabinetmakers--attacked the medium from which they were to make
their images
，
and one understands more fully the development of
sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century
．
(add to this the timidity…=add the timidity…to this
为祈使句，相当于一个条件句：
if
one adds to this the timidity…)
这个再加上没有受过 学校教育的艺人
——
他们最初是被训练为石匠、木匠或家具木工的
——
对待他 们要制作成雕像
的媒介物的胆怯，使人更充分地了解
18
世纪晚期美国雕刻艺术的发展 。
分句
1
：
Add to this the timidity
分句
2
：
with which unschooled artisans
—
originally trained as
stonemasons
，
carpenters
，
or cabinetmakers--attacked the medium
分句
3
：
from which they were to make their images
分句
4
：
and one understands more fully the development of sculpture made
in the United States in the late eighteenth century
．
分句
4
是整个长句子的主句
分句
1
、
2
、
3
是分句
4
的条件从句，证据意为：
“
把这些结合起来，你就会明白
……”
分句
2
修饰
timidity
，虽然这句的长度最大，信息最多，但仍然只是整句话最终结论的一个 支撑。
分句
3
是修饰
medium
的定语从句
1
和
2
嵌套
2
和
3
嵌套
123
和
4
嵌套
43
．
Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside
the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and
energy
，
desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would
normally be fever height
，
and temperatures as high as 46 degrees
Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles
．
(what
引导的从句作
rise to
的宾语
)
沙漠哺乳动物并不试图将体温控制得很低，因为这么做将会 涉及水和能量的消耗，而是允许体温上升到平常是高
烧的温度
——
有人在格兰特羚羊身 上曾测到高达
46
摄氏度的体温。
分句
1
：
Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside
the body
分句
2
：
which would involve the expenditure of water and energy
分句
3
：
desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to
分句
4
：
what would normally be fever height
分句
5
：
and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been
measured in Grant's gazelles
．
分句
3
、
5
是整个长句子的主句
分句
2
是分句
1
的定语从句
分句
4
是
3
的宾语从句。
1
和
2
嵌套
1
、
2
和
3
嵌套
3
和
4
嵌套
3
、
4
和
5
并列
44
．
Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells
building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent.
(whereby=by which
，引导定语从句，表示手段
)
租金管制是政府借以告诉房主他们可以收取多少租金的系统。
分句
1
：
Rent control is the system
分句
2
：
whereby the local government tells building owners
分句
3
：
how much they can charge their tenants in rent.
分句
1
是整个长句子的主句
分句
2
是 分句
1
的定语从句，
whereby
相当于我们熟悉的
by which
分句
3
是
2
的宾语从句，修饰
tell
的内容宾语（因为
tell
有双宾语）
1
和
2
嵌套
2
和
3
嵌套
45
．
They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's
，
which
，
combined
with California's rapid population growth
，
pushed housing prices
，
as
well as rents, to record levels
．
(which
引导非限定性定语从句
)
它们受到了
20
世纪
70
年代通货膨胀的刺激，这次通货 膨胀与加利福尼亚人口的迅速增长结合在一起，将房价与
租金推到了创纪录的水平。
分句
1
：
They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's
分句
2
：
which
，
combined with California's rapid population growth
分句
3
：
pushed housing prices
，
as well as rents, to record levels
分句
1
是整个长句子的主句
分句
2
是分句
1
的定语从句，修饰
inflation
分句
3
同样是分句
1
的定语从句，主语仍然是上一句中的
which
1
和
2
、
3
嵌套
2
和
3
并列
46
．
Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well
：
that the medium
has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which
sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony
．
(
倒装结构
Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well=An aesthetic
principle is implicit in it as well< br>，
that
引导的句子做
principle
的同位语
)
其中也蕴涵一个美学原则：用于雕刻的媒介物有一定的美和富于表现力的特性，雕刻家必须使 他们自己的审美感
与这些特性融为和谐的
—
体。
分句
1
：
Implicit in it is…
分句
2
：
that the medium has…
分句
3
：
which sculptors must bring…
3
和
2
嵌套
1
和
2
嵌套
47
．
With the turn-of-century Crafts movement and the discovery of
nontraditional sources of inspiration
，
such as wooden African figures
and masks
，
there arose a new urge for hands-on, personal execution of
art and an interaction with the medium
．
(there arose…
是一个存在句
)
随着世纪之交的手工艺运动和非传统灵感源 泉
(
像非洲形体和面具
)
的发现，出现了一种亲自实践、亲手制作艺术和与媒介物直接接触的新要求。
本句为单句，
with
引导并列的两个短语作为伴随状态，真正的主语为
a new surge
48
．
The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone
，
but the lesser kestrel
roosts and hunts in flocks
，
possibly so one bird can learn from
others where to find insect swarms
．
(possibly so=possibly so that)
普通红隼单独栖息和狩猎，但较小的红隼群栖群食，很可能因此一只鸟可以从其 他鸟那儿了解到在哪儿可以找到
成群的昆虫。
分句
1
：
the common kestrel…
分句
2
：
but
分句
3
：
possibly so…
分句
4
：
where to…
1
，
2
和
3
并列
3
和
4
嵌套
49
．
In the 1500s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become
the southwestern United States
，
they encountered the ancestors of the
modern day Pueblo
，
Hopi
，
and Zuni peoples
．
(when
引导定语从句，
what
引导的从句作
moved into
的宾语
)
16
世纪西班牙人进入后来成为美国西南部的 地方时，他们遇到了今天皮艾布鲁人、霍比人和株尼人的祖先。
分句
1
：
in the 1500s…
分句
2
：
when…
分句
3
：
what…
分句
4
：
they enco
untered…
2
、
3
和
1
嵌套
1
和
4
并列
50
．
During the 1940's electron microscopes routinely achieved
resolution better than that possible with a visible light
microscope
，
while the performance of x-ray microscopes resisted
improvement
．
(that
指代前面的
resolution
，
possible with a visible
．
1ight
microscope
作
that
的定语
)
2 0
世纪
40
年代，电子显微镜通常比可见光显微镜的分辨能力更强，而
X光显微镜的表现却没有改进。
分句
1
：
During the 1940…
分句
2
：
that…
分句
3
：
while..
1
和
2
嵌套
1
和
3
并列
5 1
．
What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective
that makes these conditions seem foolish
，
harmful or affected
．
(what
引导主语从句；
that
引导定语从句
)
它们所做的就是从这样一个角度来看待熟悉的环境，使这些环境看上去愚蠢、有害或做作。
分句
1
：
what…
分句
2:is
分句
3
：
that makes
1
和
2
嵌套
2
和
3
嵌套
52
．
Satire jars US out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked
realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are
false
．
(out of…into…
摆脱
…
，进入
…
；
that
引导的从句
many of the values…are
false
作
realization
的同位语；
we unquestioningly accept
作
values
的定语
)
讽刺作品使我们摆脱了自满情绪，并在愉快与震惊之中认识到：许多我们毫无疑问地接受的价 值观是错误的。
分句
1
：
Satire jar
s…
分句
2
：
that many…
分句
3
：
we unquestioningly…
2
和
3
嵌套
1
和
2
嵌套
53
．
With spontaneous irreverence
，
satire rearranges
perspectives
．
scrambles familiar objects into incongruous
juxtaposition and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract
platitude
．
(and
连接并列句
)
讽刺作品用自然流露的嘲讽态度再设了视角，将熟悉的事物自相矛盾地置于一起，使用个性化 语言，而不是抽象
的陈词滥调。
本句为单句，主语是
satir e,
谓语为
3
个平行的动词：
rearranges, scrambles, speaks…
With
引导介词短语为伴随状态。
54
．
It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus
，
an
irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous
thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy
．
(that
引导的从句作
reminder
的同位语
)
它之所以存在，是因为读者欣赏它使人耳目一新的刺激，它毫不客气地提醒：他们活在一个充满陈腐思想 、廉价
的道德说教与荒谬哲学的世界里。
分句
1
：
it has lived…
分句
2
：
because readers…
分句
3
：
that they lived…
1
和
2
为并列
2
和
3
为嵌套
55
．
Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to
them
。
nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish
service of humanity
．
(
特殊结构
attribute to
——
赋予，归因于；
nor
放在句首引起倒装
)
< br>军人很少拥有人们在电影中赋予他们的那种理想，普通公民也很少奉献他们的生命为人类无私地服务。
分句
1
：
soldiers…
分句
2
：
that movies…
分句
3
：
nor do ordinary citizens…
1
和
3
并列
1
和
2
嵌套
56
．
In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in
what may seem to be a narrow field
，
the researcher is faced with the
problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation
．
(what
引导的从句作
specializing in
的宾语
)
除了在专攻似乎是一个狭窄领域时不得不成为多面手以外，研究人员还面临着关于原始材料的 文献很少或者根本
没有这一问题。
分句
1
：
in addition to…
分句
2
：
what may seem …
分句
3
：
the researcher is…
分句
4
：
that has little…
1
和
2
嵌套
1
和
3
并列
3
和
4
嵌套
er
，
the degree to which cones are naturally slightly open or
tightly closed helps determine which bill design is the best
．
(
句子主干是
the degree…helps determine…
，从句
to which cones are naturally
slightly open or tightly closed
作
degree
的定语
)
而且球果自然地轻微开口或紧紧关闭的程度有助于确定哪种喙的设计是最好的。
Hygiene
was she
，
a Baltimore printer
，
who published the first official
copies of the Declaration
，
the first copies that included the names
of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen
colonies
．
(It was…who
为强调句；
the first copies
为前面
the first official copies
的同位语
)
就是她，一位 巴尔的摩的印刷商，出版了《独立宣言》的最早的官方版本，即包括《独立宣言》签署者名字并因
此预告 所有
13
个殖民地的支持的早期版本。
分句
1
：
it was…
分句
2
：
who publish…
分句
3
：
the first
1
和
2
嵌套
2
和
3
嵌套
comparison with these familiar yardsticks
，
the distances to the
galaxies are incomprehensibly large
，
but they too are made more
manageable by using a time calibration
，
in this case the distance
that light travels in one year.
与这些熟悉的尺度相比，到太空的距离远得难以理解，但它们也通过使用一个时间的标尺而变得更加容易对付了，
在这种情况下是光在一年内走过的距离。
分句
1
：
the distance…
小学英语手抄报内容-我的自传作文
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