火把节是什么族的美国价值观(中英文对照)

2021年1月19日发(作者：贺志华)
Basic American Values and Beliefs

基本的美国价值观和信仰




Individual Freedom and Self-Reliance

个人自由和自力更生

The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies which were free
from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed
on
their
lives
by
kings
and
governments,priests
and
churches,noblemen
and
aristocrats.
To
a
great
extent,they
succeeded.
In
1776
the
British
colonial
settlers
declared
their
independence
from
England
and
established
a
new
nation,the
United
States
of
America.
In
so
doing,they
overthrew the king of England and declared that the power to govern would lie in the hands of
the
people.
They
were
now
free
from
the
power
of
the
king.
In
1789,when
they
wrote
the
Constitution for their new nation,they separated church and state so that there would never be a
government-supported
church.
Also,in
writing
the
Constitution
they
expressly
forbade
titles
of
nobility to ensure that an aristocratic society would not develop. There would be no ruling class
of noblemen in the new nation.

最早的定居者来到北美大陆建立殖民地是自由的控制存在于欧洲社会。
他们想逃避国 王和政
府的控制他们的生活
,
牧师和教会、
贵族和贵族中流行。
在很 大程度上
,
他们成功了。
1776
年
,
英国殖民定居者宣布 脱离英国独立
,
建立了一个新国家
,
美利坚合众国。
这样做
,
他们推翻了英
格兰国王
,
宣布权力治理将躺在人民的手中。
他们现 在没有国王的力量。
在
1789
年
,
当时他们
写宪法为他们 的新国家
,
他们教会和国家分离
,
不会有一个由政府支持的教会。
同 时
,
在写宪法
明确禁止贵族头衔的
,
以确保一个贵族社会不会发展。 就没有贵族统治阶级的新国家。

The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of
the
American
character.
By
limiting
the
power
of
the
government
and
eliminating
a
formal
aristocracy,they
created
a
climate
of
freedom
where
the
emphasis
was
on
the
individual.
The
United States came to be associated in their minds with the concept of individual freedom. This is
probably the most basic of all the American values.

历史决定的第一批移民有一个对美国人的性格的形成产生深远的影响。通过限制政府权力和
消除一个正式的贵族
,
他们创造了一个气候重点是个体的自由 。美国有关在他们心目中与个
人自由的概念。这可能是最基本的美国价值观。

Scholars and outside observes often call this value”individualism,”but many Americans use the
word”freedom. ”Perhaps the word”freedom” is one of the most respected popular words in the
United States today.

学者和外部观察通常称之为价值“个 人主义”
,
但许多美国人使用“自由这个词。
“也许“自
由”这个词是当今美 国最受尊敬的流行词。

There
is,however,a
price
to be
paid for
this
individual freedom:self-reliance. Americans
believe
that
individuals
must
learn to
rely
on
themselves
or
risk
losing
freedom.
This
means
achieving
both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible,usually by age
18 or 21. It means that Americans believe they should take care of themselves,solve their own
problems,and”stand
on
their
own
two
feet.
”Tocqueville
observed
the
Americans’
belief
in
self-reliance 150years ago in the 1830s:

然而
,
要付出 代价这种个人自由
:
自力更生。
美国人认为
,
个人必须学会依靠自己
,
否则可能失去
自由。
这意味着实现金融和情感尽早独立于他们的父母
,
通常通过
18
岁或
21
。
这意味着美国
人认为 他们应该照顾自己
,
解决他们自己的问题
,
站在自己的两只脚。
“< br>托克维尔观察美国人的
信仰在
150
年前自力更生在
1830
年代
:
They
owe
nothing
to
any
man,they
expect
nothing


from
any
man;they
acquire
the
habit
of
always

他们欠什么人
,
他们期望从任何的人
,
他们总是获得的习惯

considering themselves as standing alone,and they

考虑自己是孤独
,
他们

are apt to imagine that their whole destiny is in their own hands.

容易想象
,
他们的整个命运在自己的手中。

Self- reliance is one of the most difficult aspects of the American character to understand,but it is
profoundly
important.
It
stands
in
direct
contrast
to
dependence,which
has
a
negative
connotation to most Americans. By being dependence,not only do you risk losing freedom,but
you also risk losing the respect of your peers.

自力更生是最困难的一个方面了解美国人的性格
,
但它是极 其重要的。它直接依赖相比
,
大多
数美国人的负面内涵。被依赖
,
不 仅你会失去自由
,
但你也可能失去你的同行的尊敬。




Equality of Opportunity and Competition

机会平等和竞争

A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is
the beliefs that everyone has a chance to succeed in the . Generations of immigrants from the
earliest settlers to the present day have come with the expectation. They have felt that because
individual
are
free
from
excessive
political,and
social
controls,they
have
a
better
chance
for
success. Particularly important is the lack of a hereditary aristocracy.

第二个重要原因移民一直是吸引美国的信仰在美国每个人都有成 功的机会一代又一代的移
民从最早的定居者至今与期望。他们觉得由于过度的政治、个人自由和社会控制
,
他们有一
个更好的成功机会。特别重要的是缺乏一个世袭贵族。

Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution,no formal class system developed in
the
United
States.
In
the
early
years
of
American
history
many
immigrants
chose
to
leave
the
older
European
societies,believing
that
they
had
a
better
chance
to
succeed
in
America
than
in”the old country,”where their place in life was determined largely by the social class into which
they were born.

因为贵族头衔的宪法
,
禁止没有正式的等级制度在 美国发展。早期的美国历史上许多移民选
择离开老欧洲社会
,
相信他们有一个更好的机 会去成功的在美国比在“故国”
,
他们在生活中
的地位
,
主要取决于 社会阶层
,
他们出生。




There is,however,a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity:competition. If much of life is
seen as a race,then a person must run the race in order to succeed;a person must compete with
others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue
until retirement from work. Learn to compete successfully is part of grow up in the United States.

然而
,
要付出代价这机会平等
:
竞争。
如果生活被视为一个比赛
,
然后一个人必须参加比赛为了
成功
,
一个人必须与他人竞争。竞争的压力在童年和一个美国人的生活开始继续工作直到退
休。学会竞争成功是在美国长大的一部分。