黑水潭英语四级阅读理解练习题及其解析

2021年1月19日发(作者：于桢培)
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析


【阅读练习】



What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat,but
we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the bes
t, but we strangely enjoy junkfood.
We’re
2 with health an
d weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obes
ity(
肥胖
). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(
矛盾情
结
) lies in our history. The first Europeans cameto this con
tinent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first
cash crop(
经济作
物
)wasn’t
eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, i
ntended to prohibit drinking butactually encouraging more
4 ways of doing it.


The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmon
y. Do as Romans do meanseating what
―real

Americans‖
e
at, but our
nation’s
food has come to be 5 by imports
—
piz
za,say, or hot dogs. And some of the
country’s
most treas
ured cooking comes from people whoarrived here in shack
les.


Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has
been a medium for the
nation’sdefining
struggles, whether
at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch c
is integral to our concepts of health and even m
orality whether one refrains from alcohol forreligious reaso
ns or evades meat for political 6


But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are a
mbivalent about what they putin their mouths. We have b
ecome 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about
what theycontain.


The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American conscious
ness.
It’s
no coincidence, then,that the first Thanksgiving
holds the American imagination in such bondage(
束
缚
).
It’s
whatwe eat
—
and how we 10 it with friends, famil
y, and strangers
—
that help define America as acommunity
today.


A. answer I. creative


B. result J. belief


C. share K. suspicious


D. guilty L. certainty


E. constant M. obsessed


F. defined N. identify


G. vanish O. ideals


H. adapted


【答案及详解】



1. D feel
是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容
词，通过 上下文意思，以及后面介词
about,
可以确定选项
为
D
项
guilty,
短语
feel guilty about
sth. ―
对
……< br>感到有愧
‖
。
全句的意思为
―
我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之 后又有负罪
感
‖
。



2.M be obsessed with
为固定搭配，
原意为
―
被
……
附上
/
缠住
/
迷住心窍
‖
，放在本句表示
―十分重视
‖
。全句的意思为
―
我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地 在蔓延
‖
。



3. A
本句缺一个名词作主 语，并且根据和介词
to
的搭
配，可以推断出正确选项
answer.


4. I
本句根据
more
和
ways
可以判断出需要填入一个形
容词构成比较级，
根据上下文，
表示
―
旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，
却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒
‖
，
可以

确定
I
为正确选项。



5. F
本题较难。根据
be
和
by
确定应填入一个过去分
词。 再根据上下文，上文表示
―
应该吃典型的美国人吃的食
物
‖
，下文通 过
but
转折，表示实际上
―
美国的食物已经被诸
如比萨和热狗 这样的舶来品所诠释了
‖
，
因此可以确定
F
为正
确选项。< br>


6.B
政治结果，可根据宗教原因
religious reasons
来推
断此处填政治结果。



7. L< br>由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成
bring
的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词 ，做
bring
的宾语。根据
下文解释，
―
美国人对他们所吃的食物 的态

度是矛盾的
‖
，
可
以推出本句意义为
―坚定的观点也不是确定不变的
‖
。因此可
以确定
L
为正确选项。



8. K
系动词
become
后应填入一个 形容词，和后面介词
of
形成短语
be/become suspicious
of―
对
……
感到怀疑
‖
。



9. J
本句缺一个名词作主语，
并且根据和介词
in
的搭配，可以推断出正确选项
belief
，
(have)belief in
sth.―
相信
……‖
。



10. C
本句是一般现在时，
缺一个动词，
且和
with
搭配，
确定选项为
share, share sth.
withsb., ―
与某人分享某事
‖
。



英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析
(2)

【阅读练习】



Baekeland and Hartmann report that the
―short

sleepers‖h
ad been more or less average in their sleep needs until th
e men were in their teens. But atabout age 15 or so, the
men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep tim
e becauseof pressures from school, work, and other activit
ies. These men tended to view their nightlyperiods of unc
onsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily ro
utines.


In general, these
―short

sleeps‖
appeared ambitious, activ
e, energetic, cheerful,conformist(
不动
摇
) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choi
ces. They often heldseveral jobs at once, or workers full-o
r part-time while going to school. And many of them hada
strong urge to appear
―normal‖
or
―acceptable‖
to their fri
ends and associates.


When asked to recall their dreams, the
―short

sleepers‖
di
d poorly. More than this, theyseemed to prefer not remem
bering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing withp
sychological problems was to deny that the problem existe
d, and then to keep busy in thehope that the trouble woul
d go away.


The sleep patterns of the
―short

sleepers‖
were similar to,
but less extreme than, sleeppatterns shown by many men
tal patients categorized as manic(
疯人
).


The
―long

sleepers‖
were quite different indeed. Baekelan
d and Hartmann report thatthese young men had been len
gthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sl
eep,protected it, and were quite concerned when they wer
e occasionally deprived of their desired 9hours of nightly b
ed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better th
an did the
―shortsleepers.‖



Many of the
―long

sleepers‖
were shy, anxious, introverted
(
内向
), inhibited (
压
抑
),passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (
particularly in social situations). Severalopenly states that
sleep was an escape from their daily problems.


1. According to the report,______.


A) many short sleepers need less sleep by nature


B) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly
sleep time because they arebusy with their work


C) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the d
ay


D) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit forme
d during their childhood


2. Many
―short

sleepers‖
are likely to hold the view that __
___.


A) sleep is a withdrawal from the reality


B) sleep interferes with their sound judgement


C) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine progra
m


D) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological trouble
s


3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers __
___.


A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life


B) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep


C) do not know how to relax properly


D) are more unlikely to run into mental problems


4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, th
e long sleepers might ____.


A) appear disturbed


B) become energetic


C) feel dissatisfied


D) be extremely depressed


5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?


A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and
his memory is weakened


B) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the san
e as those shown by manymental patients


C) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards
sleep


D) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest


【答案及详解】



答案：
DCBAB


贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，
―
睡眠少的人
‖
在未进入少年期
之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但 到了
15
岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它

活动的地压力，他们就
故 意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜
间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务 。



总的说来，这些
―
睡眠少的人
‖
表现得雄心勃勃、积极活
跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的
选择胸有成 竹。他们往往同时从事几

项工作，或者一边上
学读书，
一边从事专职或兼职 工作。
其中许多人有强烈愿望，
想在朋友和熟人面前表现得
―
正常
‖
或
―
合群
‖
。



当让他们回 忆梦境时，
―
睡眠少的人
‖
回忆不起什么来。
更有甚者，他们似乎情 愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们
通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问

题的存在，希望只要
忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。



―
睡眠少的人
‖
的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者
的睡眠模式十分相似， 只不过没有那么严重而已。



―
睡眠多的人
‖
情形则大不相同。
贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，
这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们 好像注
重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没

有所需的
9
个小时夜间< br>卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比
―
睡眠少的人
‖
要更能
回忆得起梦的内容。许多
―
睡眠多的人
‖
腼腆、焦躁、内向、
压抑、 消极和稍微

有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。
好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天 烦恼的一种方式。




英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析
(3)

【阅读练习】



Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18and
21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to
―le
ave the
nest‖
and begin anindependent life. After children
leave home they often find social relationship and financial
support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marria
ges for their children, nor do childrenusually ask permissio
n of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most of
ten the basisfor marriage in the United States; young adul
ts meet their future spouses (
配
偶
) through otherfriends, at jobs, and in organizations and
religious institutions, Although children choose theirown s
pouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their c
hoices.


In many families, parents feel that children should make
major life decisions bythemselves. A parent may try to infl
uence a child to follow a particular profession but the child
is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do p
recisely the opposite of what theirparents wish in order to
assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide
not to gointo his
father’s
business because of a fear that h
e will lose his autonomy in his
father’sworkplace.
This inde
pendence from parents is not an indication that parents a
nd children donot love each other. Strong love between p
arents and children is universal and this is noexception in t
he American family Coexisting with such love in the Ameri
can family are culturalvalues of self
–
reliance and indepen
dence.


1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in or
der to show which of thefollowing?


A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses.


B) They want to win the permission of their parents.


C) They have a strong desire to become independent.


D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.


2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake
of ____.


A) love


B) financial concern


C) their parents


D) family background


3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.


A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of th
eir parents


B) most American people never make major decisions for t
heir children


C) American young adults possess cultural values of indep
endence


D) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will lea
ve his home permanently


4. A son is unwilling to work in his
father’s
business mainly
because _____.


A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in sch
ool


B) he wants to prove his independence


C) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents appro
ve of


D) he wants to show his love for his parents


5. The subject matter of this selection is _____.


A) family values


B) marriage arrangements


C) the pursuit of a career


D) decision making


【答案及详解】



答案：

CACBA


子女一旦 到适当年龄
(
通常是
18
至
21
岁
)
，要 鼓励而不
是强迫他们
―
离开窝的，财政的巢
‖
，开始独立生活。小孩 离
开家后，往往在外能够与人交

往，并自谋出路。父母不为
子女安排婚姻，
子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。
在美国，
浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通 过朋友在学校、单
位、组织以及宗

教团体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。
尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。



许多家庭的 父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的
重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子< br>女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了

证实自己的独立性，
子女从事的工作正 好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去
父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意

味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。
父母和子女之间普遍都 有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。只不
过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。