替我油气储运专业英语

2021年1月19日发(作者：史长捷)
FPSO
：
Floating Production, Storage and Offloading.

Typically

a tanker type hull or barge with
wellheads on a turret that the ship can rotate freely around (to point into wind, waves or current).
The turret has wire rope and chain connections to several anchors (position mooring-POSMOR),
or it can be dynamically positioned using thrusters (dynamic positioning-DYNPOS). Water depths
200 to 200 meters, Common with subsea wells. The main process is placed on the deck, while the
hull
is
used
for
storage
and
offloading
to
a
shuttle
tanker.
May
also
be
used
with
pipeline

transport.
浮动生产 储卸油装置。
通常油轮船体上的塔楼或该船舶可以自由旋转左右
（一般朝向风
浪或水流 ）
。塔楼通过绳索连接到锚上
（定位抛锚）
，
也可以用推进器进行动态定位（ 动态定
位）
。
它水深
200
至
2000
米，
这些井在海底是比较常见的。
其主要的处理工艺放置在甲板上，
这种船体是用于储存和卸油到 穿梭油轮上。也可用于管道运输。



TLP: A Tension Leg Platform consists of a structure held in place by vertical tendons connected to
the
sea
floor
by
pile-secured
templates.
The
structure
is
held
in
a
fixed
position
by
tensioned
tendons, which provide for use of the TLP in a broad water depth rang up to about 2000m. Limited
vertical motion. The tendons are constructed as hollow high tensile strength steel pipes that carry
the
spare
buoyancy
of
the
structure
and
ensure
limited
vertical
motion.
A
variant
is
Seastar
platforms which are miniature floating tension leg platforms, much like the semi submersible type,
with tensioned tendons.
张力腿式平台是由垂直的绳索连接到海底的桩护底板上的这样的结构组成的。
这种结构
通过张力腿被保持在一固定位上，这种
TLP
张力腿被广泛应用于很宽的水 域中，水深高达
2000
米。它可限制垂向运动。这种张力腿的结构一般用中空高强度的钢管， 所以可承载多
余的浮力，限制垂向的运动。对于这个有一种不同的微小的张力腿式平台称为

“海之星”
，
它像是半潜式的张力腿。



SPAR:
The
SPAR
consists
of
a
single
tall
floating
cylinder
hull,
supporting
a
fixed
deck.
The
cylinder however does not extend all the way to the seafloor, but instead is tethered to the bottom
by a series of cables and lines. The large cylinder serves to stabilize the platform in the water, and
allows for movement to absorb the force of potential hurricanes. Spars can be quite large and are
used for water depths from 300 and up to 3000 meters. SPAR is not an acronym, but refers to its
likeness with a ship
’
s spar. Spars can support dry completion wells, but is more often used with
subsea wells.
深水浮桶式平台是单个很大 的浮动圆柱桶体，
由它支撑固定平台。
这个圆筒不是一直延
伸到海底的，
而是 通过一系列的缆绳和绳索连接到海底的。
这较大的筒体起到稳定水中平台
的作用，
还可 通过运动来吸收潜在飓风的力量。
深水浮桶式平台可能十分大，
常常被用于水
深
300
至
3000
米的水域中。
SPAR
不是首写字母的缩写，其 形状就像是船的桅杆。深水浮
桶平台可以支持干式完井，因此像这种平台被广泛应用于海底中。



To get the last of the water out of the oil, the oil is processed through an oil treater or a treating
system. A treater

is similar
to
a
separator, but
with
special
features
to
help
separate
the
water
from
the
oil.
Treaters
or
treating
systems
usually
provide
heat
to
reduce
oil
viscosity
and
large
settling sections to allow the water time to settle from
the oil, and may provide an electrostatic
grid to promote coalescing of the water droplets. Conventional treaters usually have a front section
with a heater in which the emulsion is heated and initial separation of the
“
free water
”
takes place.
The oil then flows to a second section of the vessel, where additional coalescence and settling of
the water droplets takes place. Gas is flashed (i.e. liberated) from the emulsion as the pressure is
lowered and the temperature is raised from the upstream separator. For a conventional treater with
a
heater,
free-water
knockout
section,
and
settling
section,
the
water
content
in
the
oil
can
be
reduced
to
less
than
1%.
An
electrostatic
treater,
which
is
a
conventional
treater
with
an
electrostatic grid in the settling section, can reduce the water content to 0.3 to 0.5%by volume.

为了让最后一滴水从油中分离出来，
油品通常是通 过油处理器或处理系统来加工的。
处
理器类似于一个分离器，
它的特殊特征有助于水从 油中去除。
处理器或处理系统通过加热处
理来降低原油的粘度和增大沉降区域，
允许水 从油中沉下来。
它也可以提供静电场，
以促进
对水滴的凝聚。
常规的处理器通 常有用来加热乳液的前加热区域，
从而初步实现自由水的分
离。
然后油流向容器的第二 个区域，
在那里水滴进一步聚集和沉降。
上游分离器中通过压力
降低和温度上升，乳化液中的气体发生闪蒸。
对于常规原油处理器加热器有自由水脱水区域
和沉降区域，水在 油中所占的体积会减低到少于
1%
。带有静电或静电厂的，其实是在常规
处理器的沉降 区域中装有静电场的，它可以使油中的含水容积减少到
0.3%
到
0.5%
。



The rotating part of the compressor consists of all the impellers. It runs on two radial bearings (on
all
modern
compressors,
there
are
hydrodynamic
tilt
pad
bearings),
while
the
axial
thrust
generated by the impellers is balanced by a balance piston, and resulting force is balanced by a
hydrodynamic
tilt
pad
thrust
bearing.
To
keep
the
gas
from
escaping
at
the
shaft
ends,
dry
gas
seals are used. The entire assembly is contained in a casing (usually barrel type).
压缩机的旋转部分包括所有的叶轮。
它在两个止推径向轴承（在所有现代压缩机，
它们
通常用液压斜垫止推轴承）
上运动，
而由叶轮 产生的轴向推力是由平衡活塞平衡的，
以及这
个合力是由液压斜垫止推滑片轴承平衡。
为了防止轴承末端漏气，
使用干气密封。
所有这些
部件都安装在一个盒中（通常是筒形 ）
。



The
different
working
principles
cause
differences
in
the
operating
characteristics
of
the
centrifugal
compressors
compared
to
those
the
reciprocating
unit.
Centrifugal
compressors
are
used in a wide variety of applications in chemical plants, refineries, onshore and offshore gas lift
and
gas
injection
application,
gas
gathering,
and
in
the
transmission
of
natural
gas.
Centrifugal
compressors
can
be
used
for
outlet
pressures
as
high
as
10000
psia
，

thus
overlapping
with
reciprocating
compressors
over
a
portion
of
the
flow
rate/pressure
domain.
Centrifugal
compressors
are
usually
either
turbine
or
electric
motor
driven.
Typical
operating
speeds
for
centrifugal compressors in gas transmission applications are about 14000 rpm for 5000-hp units
8000 rpm for 20000-hp units.
不同的工作原理造成的离心压缩机的运行特性与往复压缩机的不同。
离心压缩机被广泛
应用于 化工厂，
炼油厂，
陆上和海上气举和注气的应用，
气体收集以及天然气运输广泛的应< br>用，
。离心压缩机可用于出口压力高达
10000
psia
，因而离 心压缩机中有一部分的流量和压
力范围和往复压缩机是重合。
离心压缩机通常使用汽轮机或燃气 轮机。
离心压缩机在天然气