刘晓庆电视剧2015年高考英语解析阅读中的长难句

2021年1月19日发(作者：江六端)
解析高考英语阅读中的长难句

一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句

(
1
)
We
took
pity
on
the
people
in
the
disaster-hit
area
in
Yushu
and
many
students
raised money for them.
( 2 ) Having suffered a number of health problems, former Olympic President
Samaranch died on April 21 in Barcelona.
(
3
)
The
Internet
is
an
exciting
tool
that
not
only
puts
vast
information
at
your
fingertips but expands options.
二、长难句阅读法：结构分析法

：明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。

A.
判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；

B.
找出句子的主干成分< br>(
主语和谓语
)
，分清句子附属成分，理解句子大意。

C.
层层分析，层层剥离

判
句
断
子
简单句
主
干
并列句
并列连词
复合句
从属连词

句子较长 ，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部
分构成，即主干和修饰成 分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。
而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的 作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见
的则是从句，
尤其是定语从句和状语从句。我们应通过仔细分析，
将每个修饰成分划出来，
找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰 了。

三、长难句之分门别类篇

1.
带有较多成分的简单句：去枝叶
,
留主干。

Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as
short- term
teachers,
almost
three
times
the
number
hired
last
year,
to
help
reduce
unemployment pressures . (2009
江苏
)
2.
含有多个从句的复合句：找从属连词
,
分析从句
,
理解句意。

Whereas a woman
’
s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave
a
failing
marriage
，
it
wasn
’
t
unusual
to
hear
a
man
say
that
he
didn
’
t
know
that
his friend
’
s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking
if he could sleep on the sofa.
并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法

——先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句

If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English
language, you will get answers like
“Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”,
and
“
Webster
”
, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who
didn
’
t even speak English
—
William, the Conqueror.
3.
含有插入语的句子
:
忽略插入成分
,
直奔句子主题
.
这种句子的特点是在正常的句子中 插入一些或长或短的成分或句子，比如同位语（从句）
、

非限制性定语从句、状语从 句、分词、插入语等等，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语
义，造成理解上的困难。我们称之为“打岔 ”。有时有逗号或破折号分开，

The lack of right male (
男性的
) role models in many of their lives
—
at home and
particularly
in
the
school
environment
(
环境
)
—
means
that
their
peers
are
the
only
people they have to judge themselves against.(2008
辽宁卷
C
篇
)



Science
has
become
so
important
in
the
modern
world,
with
its
procedures
so
highly
standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social
institutions.

4.
成分省略
:
把握大意
,
找出上文对应信息
,
补充省略成分


The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally won
’
t pick up a
magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will.
5.
倒装句
:
确定主语
,
调整语序
,
把握大意
.
Before 1066,
in
the
land we now
call Great
Britain lived
peoples belonging to two
major language groups.
四、长难句之小试牛刀篇

1.

Mobile phone SIM cards which are put in the collars(
项圈
) of elephants
automatically
send
a
text
message
when
they
get
too
close
to
farms,
allowing
wildlife workers to drive them off rather than shoot them.
2.

I
was
discussing
this
problem
recently
with
a
colleague
who
had
been
beating
his
head
against
the
wall
for
months
trying
to
get
a
story
about
a
mysterious
“
dark force
”
in cosmology(
宇宙学
) past editors at New Yorker.
五、

备考方法：

1.
意群阅读法

①
When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other
，②
an unbelted driver would
meet the windshield
③
with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from
a height of 10 meters.
分析：①是状语从句，②是主句，③是
with
引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，
把整个句子划为
3
个意群，可以大 大提高阅读速度。

2.
剥丝抽茧法

先跳读修饰成分或附加成分 ，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分层理解修饰成分或
附加成分。如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂 的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从
句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句。是名词性 从句，还是状语从句，或是定
语从句。另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解 句意，又能将
其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加考< br>试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，

3.
良好习惯

多尝试分析长难句并找出
20
个长难句进行朗读并背诵。

六、长难句理解朗诵：

1. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible
to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.
（
NMET1999
）

也攻读生物学的哈利说他们要 制造尽可能大的噪音来迫使政府官员们认识到大家正
不得不忍受的东西。

简析：句型结构
as...as possible
尽可能地

2. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching
couldn’t
help
laughing
at
the
one
who
couldn’t
keep
pace
with
the
others
as
they
march along.
（
NMET 98
）

但当约翰和他的战友们出现时， 一些观看的人们禁不住嘲笑那个在行进中不能同步的
那个人（约翰）。

简析：句子结构较复杂，关键词
keep pace with
与…步伐一致。

3.
The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would
never be found out.
（
NMET 96
）

衡量一个人真正品质的标准是看如果他知道他不会被别人发现的情况下他会做 些什
么事。





简析：表语从句中还含有虚拟语气。

4. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was
Philippe Pettit.
（
NMET 94
）

菲力浦帕底特在
110
层高的建筑物上，人群拥挤的大街上空等候。

简析：含倒装句型及分词用法。

5. It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be
able to lock the door
—
which was twenty feet away
—
before the animal reached it.
（
NMET90
）

事情发生是这样的,
爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够在那个动物赶到之前
（距离
20英尺远）将门锁上。

简析：句型结构
It happened that
…事情发生是这样的…。

6. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me
and
making
a
scene
in
front
of
the
other
girls,
who
I
would
have
to
spend
the
rest
of the year with?
（
NMET2000
）

我怎么才能让父亲卸完车上的行李而不向我 大喊大叫，
在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢？
我还要和这些女孩一起度过以后的日子。

简析：关键词
make a scene
大吵大闹，出洋相。

7. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what
you are.
（
NMET2000.24
）

重要的是你做这件工作的能力，而不是你来自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。

简析：强调句型
It is +
强调部分
+that / who+
从句。

8. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is
home to one fifth of mankind.
（
NMET2000.21
）

世贸组织如果没有一个占世界五分之一人口的大国加入的话，那么它就不能名副其
实。

简析：关键词
live up to one’s name 名副其实。

9.
Most
believe
the
footprints
are
nothing
more
than
ordinary
animal
tracks
,
which
had been made larger as they melted and refroze in the snow.
（
NMET2001
）

大多数人相信这些脚印只是普 通动物的足迹，这些足迹由于在雪里融化再结冰而变大
了。

简析：关键词
nothing more than only
。

10. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time .
（
NMET2001.27
）

房子装修花费我的闲暇时间不多。

简析：句型结构
little of
的用法，例
We see very little of our children (we do
not see them often) now that they are grown up.
孩子们已经长大了，所以我们现在
很少见到他们。

11. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to
do with it.
（
NMET2002 .33
）

据说在澳大利亚土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去处理。

简析：含比较级句型。

12.
In
a
way
,
I
think
we
both
won
:
I
the
game
,
but
cousin
Ed
my
respect.
（
NMET2003
）

在一定程度上，我认为我们都赢了，我赢得了这次比赛，伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。

简析：承前省略谓语动词
won
。

13.
So
when
Ed
arrived
for
our
game
not
only
with
the
bottom
of
his
shirt
gathered
inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so
surprised
that
I
was
speechless
,
my
cousin
must
have
made
an
effort
to
get
himself
into shape .
（
NMET2003
）

因此当伊德来参加我们的比 赛时
,
我发现他不仅将衬衫的底部扎进裤里
,
而且几乎注
意不到他的 肚子
,
我感到很惊奇
,
以致无话可说
,
我的表弟过去一定努 力把自己训练好
,
保
持很好的竞技状态。

14.
As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted)
the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9
—
and Ed was
leading.
（
NMET2003
）

就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是
9
比
1
，结果比分反而
是
7
比
9
，伊德暂时领先。

简析：关键词
figure on
预计，估计；in one’s favor
对某人有利。

15.
After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort
-making
than lifting a fork to his mouth.
（
NMET2003
）

要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。

简析：含比较级句型。

16. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured,
just as you choose to look at it.
八十大寿，毕竟非同一般，不管怎么说你又活了十年，或者说熬了十年，是活还是熬，

全在于你怎么看了。





简析：关键词
endure (stand; bear; put up with)
忍受。

17.
Still,
he
could
not
help
thinking
that
if
anything
should
happen,
the
nearest
person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island
885 miles away.
他禁不住寻思起来，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有条船，他用无线电能联系上的

最近的人远在
885
英里以外的岛上。





简析：含虚拟语气。

18. It covered the whole distance from broken
–
hearted misery to bursting
happiness
—
too fast.
先是令人心碎的痛苦，继而是极度的喜悦，从一个极端到另一个极端—变换得实在太

快了。





简析：比喻形象生动。

19.
I
went
around
to
the
front
of
the
house,
sat
down
on
the
steps,
and,
the
crying
over, I ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little.
我绕到房子的前面，坐在台阶上，哭了一阵之后，我感到阵阵心痛，我的父亲心里肯

定也有一点不好受。

简析：动作描写，情真意切。

20 Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained
so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to
helping the other comrades. 她受过重罚，而且有病，可她却这样愉快，这样充满了信心，这样用尽她所剩的力量
来帮助其他同志 。

简析：含有让步状语从句及形容词短语作状语。

21. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really
possible if effort is made.
目前的问题是，很多人把其实只要付诸努力就能做到的事情看成是做不到的。

简析：
consider
后的宾语后置。

22. Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160-

–
foot
–
tall Tree of Life.
穿过屋顶矗立着太阳之塔，在里面有一棵
160
英尺高的生命之树。

简析：含有两个倒装句。

23.
Dad,
in
a
hurry
to
get
home
before
dark
so
he
could
go
for
a
run,
had
forgotten
wear
his
safety
belt
—
a
mistake
75%
of
the
US
population
make
every
day.
（
NMET1999.
D
篇）





爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前赶回家，以便他能出去跑步，却忘记系安全带—这是
75%
的美国人每天犯的一个错误。