砸蛋常见英语语法错误

2021年1月19日发(作者：郑光武)
常见英语语法错误

1
．句子成分残缺不全


We
always
working
till
late
at
night
before
taking
exams.
（误）


We
are
always
working
/We
always
work
till
late
at
night
before
taking
exams
（正）


We
should
read
books
may
be
useful
to
us.
（误）


We
should
read
books
which
may
be
useful
to
us.
（正）


2
．句子成分多余


This
test
is
end,
but
there
is
another
test
is
waiting
for
you.
（误）


One
test
ends,
but
another
is
waiting
for
you.
（正）


The
driver
of
the
red
car
was
died
on
the
spot.
（误）


The
driver
of
the
red
car
died
on
the
spot.
（正）


3
．主谓不一致


Someone/Somebody
think
that
reading
should
be
selective.
（误）


Some
think
that
reading
should
be
selective.
（正）


My
sister
go
to
the
cinema
at
least
once
a
week.
（误）


My
sister
goes
to
the
cinema
at
least
once
a
week.
（正）



4
．动词时态、语态的误用


I
was
walking
along
the
road,
and
there
are
not
so
many
cars
on
the
street.


（误）
I
was
walking
along
the
road
and
there
were
not
so
many
vehicles
on
the
street.
（正）



We
have
little
time
to
read
some
books
which
we
interest.
（误）


We
have
little
time
to
read
some
books
in
which
we
are
interested.
（正）



I
am
a
student
who
has
studying
in
the
college
for
two
years.
（误）


I
have
been
studying
in
the
college
for
two
years
（正）



5
．词类混淆


It
is
my
point
that
reading
must
be
selectively.
（误）


In
my
opinion,
reading
must
be
selective.
（正）



Honest
is
so
important
for
everyperson.
（误）


Honesty
is
so
important
for
everyone.
（正）



The
old
man
was
hit
by
a
car
when
he
across
the
street.
（误）


The
old
man
was
hit
by
a
car
when
he
was
crossing
the
street.
（正）

6
．名词可数与不可数的误用


Too
much
tests
are
disadvan
tage
for
students’
study.
（误）


Too
many
tests
are
disadvantageous
to
students.
（正）



In
modern
society,
people
are
under
various
pressures
（误）


In
modern
society,
people
are
under
various
kinds
of
pressure.
（正）



7
．动词及物与不及物的误用


The
traffic
accident
was
taken
place
at
the
junction
of
two
highways.
（误）
The
traffic
accident
took
place
at
the
junction
of
two
highways.
（正）



Because
of
his
excellent
performance,
the
boss
rose
his
salary.
（误）


Because
of
his
excellent
performance,
the
boss
raised
his
salary.
（正）



8
．介词
to
和不定式符号的混淆


Too
many
tests
will
do
harm
to
cultivate
our
independent
thinking.
（误）


Too
many
tests
will
do
harm
to
the
cultivation
of
our
independent
thinking.

All
these
contributed
to
solve
the
serious
problem.
（误）


All
these
contributed
to
the
solution
to
the
serious
problem.
（正）



9
．情态动词的误用


It
may
not
good
to
our
health.
（误）


It
may
be
not
good
to
our
health.
（正）




（正）



They
should
spent
much
time.
（误）


They
should
spend
much
time.
（正）



10.
There
be
句型的误用


There
exists
some
new
problems
such
as
being
dishonest.
（误）


There
exist/arise
some
new
problems
such
as
being
dishonest.
（正）



There
are
many
way
to
solve
the
tuition
and
fees
of
college
education.
（误）


There
are
many
ways
to
raise
the
money
for
the
tuition
and
fees
for
college
educatio
n.
（正）



1.
动宾搭配不当


We
must
pay
attention
to
it
and
make
solutions
to
the
problem.
（误）


We
must
pay
attention
and
find
a
solution
to
the
problem.
（正）



It
also
may
help
you
to
make
success.
（误）


It
may
also
help
you
succeed/obtain
your
goal.
（正）


2.
根据中文逐字硬译


If
so
meone’s
family
situation
is
not
well,
he
can
apply
for
loan
to
bank.
（误）


If
one’s
family
is
not
well
off,
he
can
apply
to
the
bank
for
a
loan.
（正）



Let
alone
touch
the
outside
world
of
campus/keep
a
good
body
health
（误）


Let
alone
get
in
touch
with
the
world
outside
of
the
campus/keep
fit
（正）


上面这些错误 比较典型、
集中，
请大家务必要注意，
其他的错误，
如单词拼写、
大 小写、
标点符号的误用等，可谓千姿百态，无奇不有，在此就不一一列举。


英语的时态

定义

动词以一定的词形变化形式来表达事物之动作或 状态的时间性者称为时态
(Tens
e)
。

词形变化的形式共有如下四种：

1
．一般式
(Simple
Form)
2
．进行式
(Progressive
Form)
3
．完成式
(Perfect
Form)
4
．完成进行式
(Perfect
Progressive
Form)
动作或状态的时间性则可分为如下三个时段：

1
．现在
(Present)
2
．过去
(Past)
3
．将来
(Future)
这四种词形形式和三个时段可以配合成如下的十二种动词的时态。


这十二种时态可以列表如下：



现以
“I”
为 主语，
“do”
为动词，
把这十二种时态以实例表达如下：
（例序即为时态的 次序）

1
．
I
do
it
every
day.
（我每天做这样的事。）

2
．
I
did
it
yesterday.
（昨天我做了这件事。）

3
．
I
shall/will
do
it
tomorrow.
（明天我要做这件事。）

4
．
I
am
doing
it
now.
（现在我正在做这件事。）

5
．
I
was
doing
it
at
that
time.
（当时我正在做这件事。）

6
．
I
shall/will
be
doing
it
at
9
：
00
tomorrow
morning.
（明天早晨九时我会正在做这件事。）

7
．
I
have
done
it
already.
（我已把这件事做好了。）

8
．
I
have
done
it
before
I
went
home
yesterday.
（昨天我在回家之前就把那件工作做完了。）

9
．
I
shall/will
have
done
it
before
you
come
back
tomorrow.
（明天在我回来之前我会把这件工作做好。）

10
．
I
have
been
doing
it
for
two
days.
（这件工作我已做了两天了。
──
说话时工作尚未做完，所以还得继续做。）

11
．
I
had
been
doing
the
work
for
two
hours
when
the
teacher
came.
（老师来时那件 工作我已做了两小时了。
──
当时工作尚未完成，所以老师来了我还继
续在做。）
12
．
I
shall/will
have
been
doing
it
for
an
hour
when
you
come
to
see
me
at
9
：
00
t
omorrow
morning.
（明天早上九时你来看我时，我会在做那件工作做了一小时。
──
当然尚未能做完，还
得继续做下去。）

英语中的边缘介词

边缘介词
(Marginal
Prepositions)
指的是那些在语 法功能上与介词相似的词。本文所要介
绍的是那些貌似动词却非动词的边缘介词。与一般介词不同的是， 这类介词的词形较特
别：除少数词以动词原形出现以外，大多数词为分词形式。由于其独特的词形，加上 一
般语法书上又没有给出详尽的用法说明及例句，
人们往往很难将这些词同介词联系在一
起。
事实上，
作为一种较为特殊的介词，
它们同样具有一般介词所具有的某些语法功 能，
在现代英语中的运用也并不少见。例如《大学英语》第一册中有这样的一个句子
“...w it
h
more
dignity
than
I
would
have
thought
possible
considering
his
appearance.”
句中
的
“considering”
就是一个十分常见的边缘介词。对于每个英语学习者来说，了 解并掌握
一些类似的边缘介词是很有必要的。这里，我向读者介绍一些常见的类似动词的边缘介
词。




一、

形似现在分词的边缘介词



英语中，
绝大多数类似动词 的边缘介词都为现在分词形式，
其中最为常见的有以下
一些：



g(
不包括，如果没有
)
：



Barring
special
circumstances,
the
plane
will
arrive
on
schedule.



如无特殊情况，飞机将准时到达。



ning(
关于，就
……
来说
)
：



We
had
several
discussions
concerning
the
matter.


关于这事，我们已讨论好几次了。



ering(
鉴于，就
……
而论
)
：



Considering
his
age,
he
writes
quite
well.



以他的年龄来看，他写得相当不错。



ing(
除……
之外
)
，该词用于句首或
not
，
without
，
always
之后。



Everyone
helped,
not
excepting
John.


每个人都帮了一把，连约翰也不例外。



g(
如果在
……
中失败，如果没有
)
：



Failing
specific
instructions,
use
your
own
judgment.


如无具体指示，请自行酌办。



g(
直到
)
，此词为正式用语。



This
matter
must
wait
pending
his
return
from
Europe.


这件事要等到他从欧洲回来后再说。



ing(
关于
)
，此词为正式用语，常用于商业信函中。



Yesterday,
we
had
a
spirited
discussion
regarding
the
future
of
the
reform.


昨天，我们就改革的前途进行了一番热烈的讨论。



ting(
关于，至于
)
：



I'm
at
a
loss
respecting
his
whereabouts.


关于他的下落，我一无所知。



ng(
关于，提到
)
，该词用于正式语体或书面语。



Touching
the
case,
I
suggest
that
we
should
go
to
ask
the
litigant.


关于这个案子，我建议我们去问问当事人。



g(
没有
)
：



Wanting
courage,
victory
is
impossible.


没有勇气，就不可能取得胜利。



二、形似过去分词及形同动词原形的边缘介词




这类介词为数不多，最常用的有以下几个：



(
考虑到
)
：



Given
the
present
conditions,
I
think
she's
done
rather
well.


考虑到目前的条件，我认为她做得相当不错了。



d
(that)(
假定，即使
)
：



Granted
(
或
Granting)
that
she
should
come
to
lend
you
a
hand,
it
doesn't
mean
she
will.


即使她应该来帮你一把，也并不意味着她会这样做。



(
除
……
之外
)
：



We'll
come
on
time
bar(
或
barring)traffic
delay.


除非路上堵车，我们将准时到达。



(
除
……
之外
)
，此词为正式用语。



The
screen
was
all
dark
save
for
one
bright
spot.


除了一个光点之外，屏幕上一片黑暗。