离经易道2015年6月英语四级考试真题(第一套)

2021年1月19日发(作者：庾道)
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自主招生模拟试题三






































刘娜

























4.13.2016

Section A
（每题

2
分，共
30
分）

Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for each blank
from
a
list
of
choices
given
in
a
word
bank
following
the

the
passage
through
carefully
before
making
your
choice
in
the
bank
is
identified
by
a
mark
the
corresponding
letter
for
each item on
Answer Sheet2
with a single line through the may not use any of the words in the bank
more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The ment of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality
it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All initiative will help states and
school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.

important
that
we
provide
teachers
and
principals
the
support
they
need
to
help
students
reach
their
full
39
,
ary of Education Arne Duncan said.
and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our have to
do leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our
focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids
who need them most.
Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of
President Obama's year of today, Secretary Duncan will lead a round table discussion with principals
and
school
teachers
from
across
the
country
about
the
45
of
working
in
high-need
schools
and
how
to
adopt
promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.
cing cial nges ment ent

ts G
.critically p buting e
ed ial ly ied
Section B
（每题
3
分

共
30
分）

Directions:
In
this
section,
you
are
going
to
read
a
passage
with
ten
statements
attached
to

statement
contains
information
given
in
one
of
the
fy
the
paragraph
from
which
the
information
is

may
choose
a
paragraph
more
than

paragraph
is
marked
with
a

the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
.





























The Changes Facing Fast Food
-food firms have to be a thick-skinned experts regularly criticise them severely for selling
food that makes people s even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess, should
not have been allowed to sponsor the World are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope not
perhaps
for
much

burger
business
faces
more
pressure
from
regulators
at
a
time
when
it
is already
adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.
B)Fast food was once thought to be consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap
meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more
latest
recession,
when
fast-food
companies
picked
up
customers
who
could
no
longer
afford
to
eat
at
casual
c
was
boosted
in
America,
the
home
of
fast
food,
with
discounts
and
promotions,
such
as
$$1
menus and cheap combination meals.
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C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive 2009
sales
at
full-service
restaurants
in
America
fell
by
more
than
6%
,
but
total
sales
remained
about
the
same
at
fast-food

some
markets,
such
as
Japan,
France
and
Britain,
total
spending
on
fast
food
-store
sales
in
America
at
McDonald's,
the
world's
largest
fast-food
company,
did
not
decline
throughout the Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed
well, too, because it offers higher- quality food at lower prices than restaurants.
D)But not all fast-food companies have been as , such as Burger King, have seen sales a
severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save
Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the
Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global
giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.
fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better the
recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be
persuaded
to
order
more
expensive

in
many
cases
that
strategy
did
not

year
Burger
King
franchisees
(
特许经营人
)sued
(
起诉
)the
company
over
its
double-cheeseburger
promotion,
claiming
it
was
unfair for them to be required to sell these for $$1 when they cost$$1.10 to May a judge ruled in favour of
Burger
heless,
the
company
may
still
be
cursing
its
decision
to
promote
cheap
choices
over
more
expensive ones because items on its
October.
ts
expect
the
fast- food
industry
to
grow
modestly
this

the
downturn
is
making
companies
rethink their are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (
引诱
)consumers away from $$1
,
a
division
of
Yum!
Brands,
which
also
owns
Taco
Bell
and
Pizza
Hut,
has
launched
a
chicken
sandwich that costs around $$ in May Burger King introduced barbecue (
烧烤
)pork ribs at $$7 for eight.
G
.Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including ld's started
selling better coffee as a challenge to
cks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later
this year.

fast-food
companies
shift
from

size
to

buys
they
need
to
keep
customer
traffic
high
throughout
the

see
breakfast
as
a
big
opportunity,
and
not
just
for
fatty
ld's
will
start
selling porridge (
粥
)in America next ast has the potential to be very profitable, says Sara Senatore of
Bernstein,
a
research
firm,
because
the
margins
can
be
-food
companies
are
also
adding
midday
and
late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and idea is that by having a greater range of things on the
menu,
Yum ! Brands.

what
about
those
growing
waistlines?
So
far,
fast-food
firms
have
cleverly
avoided
government

providing
healthy
options,
like
salads
and
low-calorie
sandwiches,
they
have
at
least
given
the
impression
of
doing
something
about
helping
to
fight
obesity
(
肥胖症
).These
offerings
are
not
necessarily
loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to
eat a customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.
the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough.
company I know is concerned about regulation right now,
which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the calorie- content of
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items they serve on the menu.A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on
Starbucks of a similar calorie- posting law
in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per
transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a
sign, it is said, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.

order
to
avoid
other
legislation
in
America
and
elsewhere,
fast-food
companies
will
have
to
continue
innovating
(
创新
).Walt
Riker
of
McDonald's
claims
the
change
it
has
made
in
its
menu
means
it
offers
more
healthy items than it did a few years ago.
than
any
restaurant
business
in
the
world,
he

the
recent
proposal
by
a
county
in
California
to
ban
McDonald's from including toys in its high- calorie
to unhealthy food, suggests there is a lot more left to do.
people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.
-food firms may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.
King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.

fast-food
firms
provide
healthy
food
to
give
the
impression
they
are
helping
to
tackle
the
obesity
problem.
the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.
people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.

the
recession,
Burger
King's
promotional
strategy
of
offering
low-priced
items
often
proved
ineffective.
-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.
fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.
55.A newly- passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.
Section C
Directions:
There
are
2
passages
in
this

passage
is
followed
by
some
questions
or
unfinished
each of them there are four choices marked A., B), D ).You should decide on the best choice
and mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

If you think a high-factor sunscreen (
防晒霜
)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be ch
in
this
week's
Nature
shows
that
while
factor
50
reduces
the
number
of
melanomas(
黑瘤
)and
delays
their
occurrence, it can't prevent mas are the most aggressive skin have a higher risk if you
have
red
or
blond
hair,
fair
skin,
blue
or
green
eyes,
or
sunburn
easily,
or
if
a
close
relative
has
had
mas
are
more
common
if
you
have
periodic
intense
exposure
to
the

skin
cancers
are
increasingly likely with long-term exposure.
There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas

the evidence is weaker
than
it
is
for
preventing
other
types
of
skin
cancer.A
2011
Australian
study
of
1,621
people
found
that
people
randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A
second
study,
comparing
1,167
people
with
melanomas
to
1,101
who
didn't
have
the
cancer,
found
that
using
sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some

study
said
other
forms
of
sun
protection

not
sunscreen

seemed
most

study
relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely
it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.
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Many
people
also
don't
use
sunscreen
properly

applying
insufficient
amounts,
failing
to
reapply
after
a
couple of hours and staying in the sun too is sunburn that is most worrying

recent research shows five
episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by
Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for
us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (
抹上
)sunscreen and slap on a hat.
is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?
will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.






will protect them from sunburn.
will keep their skin smooth and fair.




will work for people of any skin color.
is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.
is ineffective for people with fair skin.
does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?
is ineffective in preventing melanomas.

is ineffective with long-term exposure.

do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?
een should be applied alongside other protection measures.
-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.
lar application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.
application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
does the author say about the second Australian study?
misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.
helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.
is not based on direct observation of the subjects.
confirms the results of the first Australian study.
does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?
both covering up and sunscreen.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Across
the
rich
world,
well-educated
people
increasingly
work
longer
than
the
65%
of
American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only
a
high-school

gap
is
part
of
a
deepening
divide
between
the
well-educated
well-off
and
the
unskilled technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of
the consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.
The
world
is
facing
an
astonishing
rise
in
the
number
of
old
people,
and
they
will
live
longer
than
ever

the
next
20
years
the
global
population
of
those
aged
65
or
more
will
almost
double,
from
600
million to 1.1 experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (
长寿
)translated into more years
in
retirement
rather
than
more
years
at
work,
has
persuaded
many
observers
that
this
shift
will
lead
to
slower
economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.
But
the
notion
of
a
sharp
division
between
the
working
young
and
the
idle
old
misses
a
new
trend,
the
growing gap between the skilled and the ment rates are falling among younger unskilled people,
whereas
older
skilled
folk
are
working

divide
is
most
extreme
in
America,
where
well-educated
baby-boomers
(
二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人
)are
putting
off
retirement
while
many
less-skilled
younger
people have dropped out of the workforce.
..



g in the shade whenever possible.
ng the right amount of sunscreen.
covering up instead of sunscreen.

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Policy
is
partly

European
governments
have
abandoned policies
that
used
to
encourage
people
to
retire

life
expectancy
(
预
期
寿
命
),
combined
with
the
replacement
of
generous
defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must
work longer to have a comfortable the changing nature of work also plays a big has risen
sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days
the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding logical change may well reinforce
that shift: the skills that complement computers, from
management know how to
creativity, do not necessarily
decline with age.
is happening in the workforce in rich countries?
r people are replacing the elderly.


-educated people tend to work longer.
with no college degree do not easily find work.
B.A rapid technological advance.
D.A growing number of the well- educated.
ment budgets will increase.
oyment rates are rising year after year.

life expectancies.














has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?
nd changes in the workforce.

ic growth will slow down.

do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?
people will try to pursue higher education.


will be more competition in the job market.
is the result of policy changes in European countries?
led workers may choose to retire early.
people have to receive in-service training.
wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
ers will do more complicated work.





will be taken by the educated young.
jobs to be done will be the creative ones.



are highly valued regardless of age.
Passage Three
Among
the
more
colorful
characters
of
Leadville's
golden
age
were
H.A.W.
Tabor
and
his
second
wife,
Elizabeth McCourt, better known as
West. Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont. With his first wife and two children he left
Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas. Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking, or
perhaps
he
was
lured
by
rumors
of
fortunes
to
be
made
in
Colorado
mines.
At
any
rate,
a
few
years
later
he
moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed Leadville
when he became its leading citizen.
As it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make Leadville's fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little
about mining himself, so he opened a general store, which sold everything from boots to salt, flour, and tobacco.
It was his custom to

did this for a number of years, but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.
Finally one day in the
year 1878, so the story goes, two miners came in and asked for
decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way. These were persistent, however, and
Tabor was too busy to argue with them.
and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers. the two miners took $$17 worth of supplies, in return for
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which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. They picked a barren place on the mountainside and
began to dig. After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver. Tabor bought the shares of the other two men, and
so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the
return for his $$17 investment.

Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $$117,
turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh, yielding $$35,000 worth of silver per day at one time.
Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor, and later became lieutenant governor of the state.
66. Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT______.
A.
because
Tabor
became
its
leading
citizen




B.
because
great
deposits
of
lead
is
expected
to
be
found
there
C. because it could bring good fortune to Tabor


D. because it was renamed
67. The word
A. to supply miners with food and supplies






B. to open a general store
C. to do one's contribution to the development of the mine
D. to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered
68. Tabor made his first fortune_____.
A. by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings
B. because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplying
C. by buying the shares of the other











D. as a land speculator
69. The underlying reason for Tabor's life career is______.
A. purely accidental
B. based on the analysis of miner's being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site
C. through the help from his second wife
D. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step
70. If this passage is the first part of an article, who might be introduced in the following part?
A. Tabor's life.










Passage four
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
（保护区）
(ANWR) to help secure America’s
energy
future
?
President
Bush
certainly
thinks
so.
He
has
argued
that
tapping
ANWR’s
oil
would
hel
p
ease
California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows
for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in
1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The
oil
industry
goes
with
the
high
end
of
the
range,
which
could
equal
as
much
as
10%
of
U.S.
consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next
two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S.
from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall
（意外之财）
in tax
revenues,
royalties
（开采权使用费）
and
leasing
fees
for
Alaska
and
the
Federal
Government.
Best
of
all,
advocates of drill
ing say , damage to the environment would be insignificant . “We’ve never had a document case
of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan .

Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources
Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal
..





B. Tabor's second wife, Elizabeth McCourt.
D. Tabor's other careers.
C. Other colorful characters.




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plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems.
And
consumers
would
wait
up
to
a
decade
to
gain
any
benefits,
because
drilling
could
begin
only
after
much
bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California
power
crisis,
environmentalists
point
out
that
oil
is
responsible
for
only
1%
of
the
Golden
State’s
electricity
output
–

and just 3% of the nation’s.

71. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?
A) It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves.




B) It will help secure the future of ANWR.
D) It will increase America’s energy consumption

C) It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports


72. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry _______
A) believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields
B) tend
s to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oil

C) shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR
D) expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia
73. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that _________
A) it can cause serious damage to the environment

C) it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region

A) Oil exploitation takes a long time
C) Don’t be too optimistic



















B) it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems
D) it will not have much commercial value
B) The oil drilling should be delayed
D) Don’t expect fast returns

B) is expected to get under way soon
74. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line 1, Para .3)?

75. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR’s frozen earth ______.

A) remains a controversial issue





















..
C) involves a lot of technological problems














D) will enable the U.S. to be oil independent
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美国教育部正在努力确 保所有学生享有接受高质量教育的乎等权利：
今天，
它
(36)
宣布开始实施
“
为所有学
生提供优秀教育工作者
”
的活动方案。这一方案将帮助各 州和各学区为那些有最迫切需要的学生提供优秀
教育工作者的支持
.
“
所有 的孩子
.
不分种族、居住地及家庭收入，都应
(37)
有权利接受高质量的教 育。为教师和校长们提供帮
助学生发挥全部
(39)
潜力所需的支持是
(38 )
至关重要的，
”
美国教育部部长阿恩
·
邓肯说。
“
尽管我们国家的
教师和校长们工作出色且全情
(40)
投入，全国各地那些极为贫困 及少数民族聚集的学校的学生仍然受到不
公正的对待：我们必须努力做到更好。地方官员和教育工作者都 将
(41)
形成他们自己的创造性解决方案，
但是我们必须共同努力，
(42 )
增强我们对于如何更好地为所有学生招募、支持和
(43)
留住优秀教师和校长的关注，特别是那些最需要他们的孩子们。
”

今天的公告是改善获得高质量教育 权利的又一重要步骤，是奥巴马总统行动年的一个
(44)
组成部分。今天
晚些时候，
邓肯部长将带领召开与来自全国各地的校长和学校教师展开的圆桌会议，
讨论有关在高需求的< br>学校工作面临的
(45)
挑战以及如何采取有前途的举措以支持在这些学校的教育工作者 ：


名词：
C)challenges
挑战；
D)com mitment
投入，
承诺；
E)component
组成部分，
部 件；
F)contests
比赛；
L)potential
潜力，可能性
动词：
A)announcing
宣布，
宣称；
H)deve lop
形成，
发展；
I)distributing
分发，
散布；< br>J)enhance
增强，
提高；
K)entitled
使
(
某人
)
有权利；
O)retain
留用

形容词：
B)beneficial
有利的，有益的；
N)qualified
胜任的 ，合格的

副词：
G)critically
很大程度上，极为重要地；M)properly
合理地，正确地


36.A)announci ng
。
动词辨析题。
句首出现时间状语
today
，
空格位 于系动词
is
和名词短语
the launch
of…
之间，因此 空格处需要填人动词的现在分词形式，构成现在进行时。前一句提到，美国教育部正在努
力确保所有学生 享有接受高质量教育的平等权利。
因此，
空格处需要填人一个能够与名词
launch
构成动宾
搭配的动词，表示
“
宣布开始实施一项方案或活动
”
。由此确定
announcing
为本题答案，意思是
“
宣布
”< br>。备
选词中，
distributing
意思是
“
分发，散布
”
，与此处文意不符，且无法与
launch
构成动宾搭配，故排除。

37.K)entitled
。
动词辨析题。空格前面是系动词
are< br>，后面是介词
to
及其宾语，因此空格处需要填
入形容词作表语或者动词的被动 语态，并与介词
to
搭配。上文提到，美国教育部今天宣布开始实施为所
有学生提供优 秀教育工作者的活动方案，
本句解释了实施此方案的原因，
即所有孩子都应有权利接受高质量的教育。因此，空格处需要填人一个表示
“
有权利
”
或
“有资格
”
的形容词，且能够与介词
to
搭配，备选形
容词中只有
entitled
同时符合这两项要求，由此确定其为本题答案。
be entitled to
意思是
“
有
……
资格
”
。 备
选词中，
beneficial
意思是
“
有利的，有益的
”
，与此处文意不符，排除；
qualified
意思是
“
有资格的
”
，但不
能与介词
to
搭配使用，因此也可以排除。
38.G)critically
。
副词辨析题。空格前面是系动词
is
，后面是形容词
important
，因此空格处需要填
入一个副词，用来修饰形容词
important
。上句提到，所有的孩子，不分种族、居住地及家庭收入，都应有
权利接受高质量的教育，
本句承接上句，
表明为教师和校长们提供帮助学生发挥全部潜力所需支 持的重要
性。因此，空格处需要填入一个表示
“
非常，相当，很
”
的 副词，与
important
表达
“
至关重要
”
的意义，由 此
确定副词
critically
为本题答案，意思是
“
很大程度上 ，极为重要地
”
。备选词中，
properly
意思是
“
合 理地，
正确地
”
，与此处文意不符，因此可以排除。

39.L)potential.
名词辨析题。空格前面为形容词性物主代词
the ir
及形容词
hill
，因此空格处需要填人一个
名词。本句提到要为教师和 校长们提供支持，而这些支持是为了帮助学生发挥其全部潜力。因此，空格处
需要填入一个能与动词reach
相搭配的名词，且表达
“
潜力，能力
”
的意义，由此 确定名词
potential
为本题
..
word
格式

答案。备选词中，
challenges
意思是
“
挑战
”< br>，
commitment
意思是
“
投入，承诺
”
，< br>component
意思是
“
组成部
分，部件
”
，< br>contests
意思是
“
比赛
”
，均与此处文意不符，且不 能与动词
reach
搭配，可以排除。

40.D)commitment< br>。
名词辨析题。
空格前面为形容词
deep
，后面为介词
of
，
因此空格处需要填人名
词。根据连词
and
可以判断，该名词与< br>and
前面的
excellent work
在意义上应该是并列的，且根据上 下文，
此处要表达的意义是教师和校长们工作出色且努力。
因此，
空格处的名词表达的 是
“
努力
”
或
“
投入
”
的意思，
且为不可数的抽象名词，备选词中只有
commitment
一词符合要求，由此确定其为本题 答案。备选词中的
challenges
和
contests
均为可数名词复 数形式，可以排除；
component
意思是
“
组成部分，部件
”
，与此处文
意不符，且不能用
deep
进行修饰，可以排除；
pot ential
已经用过，直接排除。

41.H)develop
。
动词辨析题。空格前面为助动词
will
，后面为名词短语
their own creative Solutions
，
因此空格处需要填入动词原形，与
will
构成一般将来时态，并与名词
Solutions
构成动宾短语。
Solut ions
意思是
“
解决方案
”
，因此填入的动词应该表达
“
想出，找到
”
或
“
研究出，制定出
”
的意义。由此 可以确定，
动词
develop
为本题答案，意思是
“
形成
”
。备选词中，
enhance
意思是
“
增强，提高
”，
retain
意思是
“
留用
”
，
均不能与< br>Solutions
搭配，且与此处文意不符，因此可以排除。

42.J)enhance
。
动词辨析题。空格前面是动词短语
work together
及动词不定式符号
to
，后面是名词
短语
our
focus
，因此空格处需要填入动词原形，且与
Our
focus
构成动宾搭配。根据上下文，教育部长认
为我们必须共同努力增强对于某些问题的关注。因此，空格处 填人的动词应该表达
“
增强，增加
”
的意义，
由此可以确定，
动词
enhance
为本题答案，
意思是
“
增强，
提高< br>”
。
备选词中，
develop
已经用过，
直接排除；
retain
意思是
“
留用
”
，与此处文意不符，也可以排除。< br>
43.O)retain
。
动词辨析题。根据
and
前面的 两个动词
recruit
和
support
及其形式可以判断，空格处
需要填入的是动词原形，
且与
recruit
和
support
构 成并列关系，
recruit
意思是
“
招募
”
，
s upport
意思是
“
支持，
配备
”
，宾语都是空格后的< br>effective teachers and principals
，由此可以确定，动词
retain
为本题答案。
< br>44.E)component
。
名词辨析题。空格前面是不定冠词
a
，后面是介词
of
，因此空格处需要填入可数
名词的单数形式。前面讲到，今天的公告 是改善获得高质量教育权利的又一重要步骤，而介词
of
后面又
提到了奥巴马总统行动 年，
因此可以判断今天的公告内容是奥巴马总统行动年的行动内容之一，
空格处应
填入 表示
“
内容，组成部分
”
的名词。由此可以确定名词
compone nt
为本题答案，意思是
“
组成部分
”
。备选
词中，
commitment
和
potential
已经用过，直接排除；
cha llenges
和
contests
均为可数名词的复数形式，也
可以排除。

45.C)challenges
。
名词辨析题。空格前面是定冠词
the
，后面是介词
of
，因此空格处应填入名词形
式。
本句介绍 的是邓肯部长将带领召开与来自全国各地的校长和学校教师展开的圆桌会议内容，
根据上下
文， 在高需求的学校工作必将面临更多的挑战或困难。因此，空格处填入的名词可能表达
“
困难，问 题
”
或
“
挑战
”
的意义，
由此可以判断，
名词
challenges
为本题答案，
意思是
“
挑战
”< br>。
备选词中，
commitment
，
potential
和
component
均用过，直接排除；
contests
意思是
“
比赛
”
，与此处文意不符，也可以排除。



快餐业面临的改变

A)
快餐业不得不成为一个厚着脸皮生存的群体。
健康专家因其向人们兜售令人肥胖的食品而不断对其进行
猛烈抨击。评论家们甚至抱怨说商标代表超高 热量的麦当劳不应该获准赞助世界杯。
(47)
这些是快餐业已
经学会去处理的一些事 情。但是，可能撑不了多久。当汉堡企业准备采取策略来对全球经济的变化做出回
应时
,
还面临着来自监管部门更多的压力。

B)
快餐曾经被认为可以抵抗经济衰退。(50)
逻辑上，当消费者要削减开支时，巨无霸和皇堡等便宜的食物
会变得更有吸引力。 在最近的经济衰退中，当快餐商家留住了那些在休闲餐馆也付不起钱的消费者时，这
样的
“降级消费
”
得以证明。在美国，这个快餐的发源地，伴随着快餐业的打折活动以及促销活动 ，例如推
..