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大庭广众的拼音土木专业英语英译汉第16章.doc

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2021-01-19 15:48
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拔苗助长成语故事-闲情逸致的意思

2021年1月19日发(作者:危道人)
2
Foundations
or

other

constructed
w
or
ks
are
supp
or
ted
on
the
earth
by
foundations


Foundations
Concrete
footings
or
piles
and
pile
caps
are
often
referred
to
as
foundations
without
including
the
soil
or
rock on which
or
in which they are placed


结构或其他已修好的工程是由基础支撑在地面上。

The
w
or
d “foundation” may mean the earth itself

something placed in
or
on the earth to provide supp
or
t

or
a
combination of the earth and the elements placed on it


混凝土底座或桩和桩帽通常被称为基础,不包括
它们被放于

其上或其中的土壤或岩石。

The installed elements and the natural soil
or
rock of the earth
f
or
m a foundation system

the soil and rock provide the ultimate supp
or
t of the system



基础

这个词可
以指地面本身,也可以指被放进地里或地上

提供支撑的东西,或者是地面和放在它上面的成分的综合体。

The
foundation
f
or
a
multist
or
y
office
building
could
be
a
combination
of
concrete
footings
and
the
soil
or
rock on which the footings are supp
or
ted


安装好的成份和地面的天然土壤或岩石形成了一个基础




















Foundations
that
are
installed
may
be
either
soil-bearing
or
rock-bearing


一幢多层办公大楼的基础可以是一个混凝土底座和土壤或岩

石的结合体,
底座被支撑在土壤或岩石上。

The
foundation
f
or
an
earth-fill
dam
would
be
the
natural
soil
or
rock
on
which
the
dam
is
placed


设置的基础可能是土壤承重也可能是岩石承重。

The
reactions
of
the
soil
or
rock to the imposed loads generally determined how well the foundation system functions


填土
大坝的基础是天然土壤或岩石,大坝就放于其上。

土木工程专业英语

3
土壤或岩石对施加的荷载的反应
通常决定了基础体系功能有

多好。

土木工程专业英语

4 Foundations In designing the installed p
or
tions

the designer must determine the safe pressure which can be used on the soil
or
rock and the amount of
total
settlement
and
differential
settlement
which
the
structure
can
withstand


Footings



Footings
or
spread
foundations
are
used
to
spread
the
loads
from
columns
or
walls
to
the
underlying
soil
or
rock


在设计安装部分的过程中,设计者必须确定被用于土壤或

岩石上的安全压力和总的沉降量
以及结构能抵抗的不同的沉降。

The
installed
parts
of
the
foundation
system
may
be
footings

mat
foundations

slab
foundations

and
caissons
or
piles

all
of
which
are
used
to
transfer
load
from
a
superstructure into the earth

These parts

which transmit load from the superstructure to the earth

are
called the substructure(Fig

1)


底座或扩大基础被用来扩散从柱或墙传来的荷载到下面的土

壤或岩石。

N
or
mally

footings are
constructed
of reinf
or
ced concrete


通常,
底座是用钢筋混凝土修建的。

However

under some circumstances they may be
constructed
of plain concrete
or
masonry


然而,
在某些条件下,
它们可能是用素混凝土或砖石建造。

When each footing supp
or
ts only one column

it is square


基础
体系的安装部分可能是底座、筏基、平板基础、沉箱

基础或桩基础,所有的这些都是被用来转移上部结构
的荷载到

地表上。
这些传递上部结构的荷载到地表上的部分被称为下部

结构。

当每个底座只支撑一个柱
子时,它是方形的。

Footings supp
or
ting two columns are called combined footings and may be either
rectangular
or
trapezoidal


底座支撑两个柱子被称为联合底座,
它可以是矩形也可以是

梯形。

土木工程
专业英语

5
土木工程专业英语

6 1
Footings
底座


Cantilever footings are used to carry loads from two columns

with one column and one
end of the footing placed against a building line
or
exteri
or
wall


Footings
底座

Most building codes and
textbooks on foundations contain tables listing allowable bearing pressures f
or
various types of soil and
rock

however


these tables give only general classifications and descriptions of the soil
or
rock and
must be used with caution


悬臂底座被用来承受从两根柱子传来的荷载,
一根柱子和

基础的一端放置在
建筑物的中线或外墙上。

Footings supp
or
ting walls are continuous footings(Fig

2)


大多数关于基础的
建筑规范和教材都包含一些表格,它列

出了不同类型的土壤和岩石容许承担的压力;然而,这些表格


仅给出了土壤和岩石的大体的分类和说明,必须要谨慎使用。

M
or
e
specific
inf
or
mation
about
the
soil
or
rock
is
n
or
mally
obtained
by
drilling
test
b
or
ings

extracting
soil
or
rock
samples

perf
or
ming
lab
or
at
or
y
tests
on
the
samples

and
making
engineering
analysis
to
determine
suitable
bearing
pressures


底座支撑墙就是连续底座。

The sizes of footings are determined by dividing the loads to be
imposed at
the
base of
the
footings
by
the
allowable
bearing
pressure
which
can
be
imposed
on
the
soil
or
rock of the earth


基础的尺寸是由可能施加在基础底部的荷载除以地基土和

岩石能够承担的容许
支撑压力来确定的。

更多的关于土壤和岩石的特定信息通常可以通过钻测试钻

孔,
采掘土壤和岩石样本,
对样本作实验室测试,作工程分析

来获得,以便确定合适的承载压力。

Footings
底座

In
addition
to
bearing pressure

consideration must be given to the amount of settlement which may occur and the
capability of the structure to withstand such settlement


Footings
底座

Beams are also used between
interi
or
column footings to act as braces
or
ties
or
to supp
or
t interi
or
walls


除了承载压力,
还必须考虑可
能发生的沉降量和结构抵抗

这种沉降的能力。

If settlement is a problem it may be necessary to use an
alternate
foundation
type
rather
than
footings
or
to
enlarge
the
footings
and
decrease
the
bearing
pressure


梁也被用在内柱底座之间以作为支架或纽带或用来支撑内

墙。

Retaining walls are those walls
subject to h
or
izontal earth pressures due to the retention of earth behind them


挡土墙是指那些因墙后
有土而承受水平土压力的墙。

The foundations f
or
these walls must have sufficient frictional resistance
with the soil
or
rock on which they rest so that they will not slide when subjected to the h
or
izontal earth
pressure


如果沉降是一个问题的话,那么可能有必要使用一个替换

的基础类型而不是底座,或者扩大
底座并减小承载压力。

Grade beams may be used between exteri
or
column footings to supp
or
t walls

with the beams transferring the weight of the walls to the column footings


这些墙的基础必须和它们放
于其上的土壤或岩石有足够的

摩擦阻力以至于当遭到水平土压力的时候它们不会滑移。

In
addition

retaining walls must be designed so they will not overturn


In frost-susceptible areas

footings must be
placed below the frost line


横梁被用在外柱底座之间来支撑墙,
这些梁将墙的重量转

移到柱的底座。


外,挡土墙还必须被设计得不会倾覆。在易受冰冻影响

的地区,基础必须放置在冰冻线以下。

9
土木工
程专业英语

土木工程专业英语

10 footing Mat foundations
筏基

Mat
or
raft foundations are large

thick

and usually heavily reinf
or
ced concrete mats which transfer loads from a number of columns
or
columns
and walls to the underlying soil
or
rock


板式基础或浮筏基础通常是面积、厚度、重量都很大的钢筋


凝土底板,
它传递柱子或者柱子和墙的荷载到地基土或岩石上。

Mats are also combined footings

but are
much larger than a footing supp
or
ting two columns


板式基础也是联合基础,但是比支撑两根柱的基础
更大。

They are continuous footings and are designed to transfer a relatively unif
or
m pressure to the
underlying soil
or
rock


它们是连续基础,
被设计用来转移相对一致的压力到地基土

或岩石上。

Mats are
rigid and will act as a bridge over discontinuities in the soil
or
rock on which they are founded


板式基础
是刚性的,它将在被放于其上的土壤和岩石中的不

连续面上起到一个桥梁的作用。

拔苗助长成语故事-闲情逸致的意思


拔苗助长成语故事-闲情逸致的意思


拔苗助长成语故事-闲情逸致的意思


拔苗助长成语故事-闲情逸致的意思


拔苗助长成语故事-闲情逸致的意思


拔苗助长成语故事-闲情逸致的意思


拔苗助长成语故事-闲情逸致的意思


拔苗助长成语故事-闲情逸致的意思



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