中山翻译修辞格解释及例子

2021年1月19日发(作者：跟我走英文)
1. alliteration
Definition
: the repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of
words or in stressed syllables of an English language phrase.
Examples:

will not be judged by the

c
olor of their skin but by the
c
ontent of their
c
haracter
King, Jr.

—
that all of us are created equal
—

is the
s
tar that guides us
s
till; just as it guided our forebears through
S
eneca Falls, and
S
elma, and
S
tonewall; just as it guided all those men and women,
s
ung and un
s
ung, who left footprints along
this great Mall, to hear a preacher say that we cannot walk alone; to hear a King proclaim that our
individual freedom is inextricably bound to the freedom of every soul on Earth

2. assonance
Definition:
The
repetition
of
identical
or
similar
vowel
sounds
in
neighboring
words
to
create
internal rhyming within phrases or sentences, and together with alliteration and consonance serves
as one of the building blocks of verse.
Examples:


field,
winding
hither
and
thither
through
the
weeds,
dragging
their
long
tails
amid
the
rattling
canisters.
(James Joyce, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 1916)


(Annie Dillard, Holy the Firm, 1977)

3. consonance
Definition:

Broadly,
the
repetition
of
consonant
sounds;
more
specifically,
the
repetition
of
the
final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words.
Examples:
‘T was later when the summer went

Than when the cricket came,
And yet we knew that gentle clock
Meant nought but going home.

‘T w
as sooner when the cricket went
Than when the winter came,
Yet that pathetic pendulum
Keeps esoteric time.
(Emily Dickinson,


4. onomatopoeia
Definition:

Onomatopoeia
is
defined
as
a
word,
which
imitates
the
natural
sounds
of
a
thing,
which
it
describes.
It
creates
a
sound
effect
that
makes
the
thing
described,
making
the
idea
more
expressive and interesting.

Examples:
The buzzing bee flew away.
The sack fell into the river with a splash.
The books fell on the table with a loud thump.
He looked at the roaring sky.
The rustling leaves kept me awake.
a group of words reflecting different sounds of water are; bloop, splash, gush, sprinkle, drizzle,
drip etc.
Similarly,
words
like
growl,
giggle,
grunt,
murmur,
blurt,
chatter
etc.
denote
different
kinds
of
human voices.
Moreover, we can identify a group of words related to different sounds of wind, such as; swish,
swoosh, whiff, whoosh, whizz, whisper etc.

5. simile
Definition:
A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between
two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help
of words ―like‖
or ―as‖. Therefore, it is direct comparison.

Examples:

1. Written by Joseph Conrad,
―I
would
have
given
anything
for
the
power
to
soothe
her
frail
soul,
tormenting
itself
in
its
invincible ignorance like a small bird beating about the cru
el wires of a cage.‖


2.
In her novel ―To the Lighthouse‖, Virginia Woolf compares the velocity of her thoughts about
the two men with that of spoken words.
―. . .
impressions
poured
in
upon
her
of
those
two
men,
and
to
follow
her
thought
was
like
followin
g a voice which speaks too quickly to be taken down by one‘s pencil . . .‖


3. Robert Burns uses a simile to describe beauty of his beloved.
―O my Luve‘s like a red, red rose

That‘s newly sprung in June;

O my Luve‘s like the melodie

That‘s sweetly played in tune.‖


6. metaphor
Definition:

Metaphor
is
a
figure
of
speech
makes
an
implicit,
implied
or
hidden
comparison
between two things or objects that are poles apart from each other but have some characteristics
common between them. In other words, a resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is
made on a single or some common characteristics.
Examples:
1. ―She is all states, and all princes, I.‖

John
Donne ,
a
metaphysical
poet,
was
well-known
for
his
abundant
use
of
metaphors
throughout his poetical works. In his well-
known work ―The Sun Rising,‖ the speaker scolds the
sun
for
waking
him
and
his
beloved.
Among
the
most evocative metaphors
in
literature,
he
explains ―she is all states, and all princes, I.‖ This line demonstrates the speaker‘s belief that he
and his beloved are richer than all states, kingdoms, and rulers in the entire world because of the
love that they share.

2. ―Shall I Compare Thee to a summer‘s Day‖,

William
Shakespeare
was
the
best
exponent
of
the
use
of
metaphors.
His
poetical
works
and
dramas all make wide-ranging use of metaphors.
―Sonnet 18,‖also known as ―Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer‘s Day,‖ is an
extended metaphor
between the love of the speaker and the fairness of the summer season. He writes that ―thy eternal
summer,‖ here taken to mean the love of the subject, ―shall not fade.‖


3. ―Before high
-
pil‘d books, in charact‘ry / Hold like rich garners the full
-
ripened grain,‖

The great Romantic poet John Keats suffered great losses in his life
–
the death of his father in an
accident, and of his mother and brother with the tuberculosis.
When he began displaying signs
of tuberculosis himself at the age of 22, he wrote ―When I Have
Fears,‖ a poem rich with metaphors concerning life and death. In the line ―before high
-
pil‘d books,
in
charact‘ry
/
Hold
like
rich
garners
the
full
-
ripened
grain‖,
he
employs
a
double
-metaphor.
Writing poetry is implicitly compared with reaping and sowing, and both these acts represent the
emptiness of a life unfulfilled creatively.

7. metonymy
Definition:

It is a figure of speech that takes the place of the name of a thing with the name of
something else with which it is closely associated

Examples:

England decides to keep check on immigration. (England refers to the government.)
The suits were at meeting. (The suits stand for businesspersons.)
Pen is mightier than sword. (Pen refers to written words and sword to military force.)
The Oval Office
was busy
in
work.
(―The Oval
Office‖
is
metonymy
as
it
stands
for
people
at
work in the office.)
Let me give you a hand. (Hand means help.)

1. The given lines are from Shakespeare‘s ―Julies Caesar‖ A
ct I.
―Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.‖

Mark Anthony uses ―ears‖ to say that he wants the people present there to listen to him attentively.
It is metonymy because the word ―ears‖ replaces the concept of attention.

2. This line is from Marg
aret Mitchell‘s novel ―Gone with the Wind‖.

―I‘m mighty glad Georgia waited till after Christmas before it secedes or it would have ruined the
Christmas parties.‖

Scarlett
uses
―Georgia‖
to
point
out
everything
that
makes
up
the
state:
citizens,
politician
,
government etc.
It is a
metonymy extremely common in the modern world, where
a name of a
country or state refers to a whole nation and its government. Thus, it renders brevity to the ideas.