acps第41课 中英文

2021年1月19日发(作者：词语字典)
Lesson 41 Definition of Robotics and the Robot System
第
41
课

机器人技术及机器人系统的定义


1
．

DEFINlTION OF ROBOTICS
To define a robot in a way that is generally acceptable to every
manufacturer
and
user
is
difficult.
However,
the
importance
of
a
clear definition becomes apparent when the numbers of robots in use
in
various
countries
and
industries
are
counted
and
reported.
In
addition,
single- purpose
machines,
often
called
hard-automation,
have some features which make them look like robots
．
Without some
definition,
the
number
of
robots
reportedly
in
use
in
Japan
would
total
over
85000
．
If
the
definition
developed
by
the
Society
of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME) is applied to the 85000 machines,
only
approximately
12000
would
qualify
as
robots.
The
definition
developed by
the
Robot
institute
of
America,
a
group
within SME
composed of robot- equipment manufacturers, is as follows
：


1.

机器人技术的定义

要以一种方式来对机器人下一 个定义，
而且这个定义还能被每一
位制造者和使用者普通接受是非常困难的。
要以一种 方法来定义机器
人而为每一个制造者和使用者普通地接受那是困难的。
然而，
当我们< br>统计一下世界各国以及工业领域中使用的机器人数量，
那么为机器人
下一个清楚明确的定 义的重要性就变得非常明显了。
然而，
当统计和
记录一下在各个国家和工业部门中使用 的机器人数量时候，
一个清楚
明确的机器人定义的重要性就变得非常明显。
单一用途的 机器，
常被
称作刚性自动化设备的，也具有某些使它们看起来像机器人的特点。
在没有 明确定义时，
日本使用中的机器人的总数就超过
85000
台。
如
果 按制造工程师协会
(SME)
的定义来界定这
85000
台机器，大约只有< br>12000
台才够格被认定为机器人。美国机器人研究所，即美国制造工
程协会下属的一 个组织，制定的定义如下：


A
robot
is
a
reprogrammable
multifunctional
manipulator
designed
to
move
material,
parts,
tools
，
or
specialized
devices
through
variable
programmed
motions
for
the
performance
of
a
variety of tasks
．

机器人是一种可重复编程的多功能的操纵控制器，
是被 设计用来
搬运材料、零部件、工具和特殊装置的，它们是通过各种可编程的运
动机构来执行上述 各项任务的。






The key words are reprogrammable multifunctional, since most
single
－
purpose machines do not meet these two requirements.
定义中的关键词是可重复编程和多功能 ，
因为大多数单一用途的
机器设备是不能满足这两个要求的。


Programmable
means
that
the
machine
must
be
capable
of
being reprogrammed to perform a new or different task or to be able
to
change
significantly
the
motion
of
the
arm
or
tooling.
Multifunctional
emphasizes
the
fact
that
a
robot
must
be
able
to
perform
many
different
functions,
depending
on
the
program
and
tooling currently in use
．
A variation on this definition which more
clearly describes the intelligence of current robots is as follows
：

可重复编程意味着 机器必须能进行重新编程，
以执行一个新的任
务或执行不同的任务，
或者能显著地改变 机械手或加工刀具的机械运
动。多功能强调的是，机器人必须能够实现许多不同的功能，不同功
能的实现取决于当前采用的程序和加工工具。
这一定义的一个变形更
清楚地阐述了当前使用的机 器人的智能性，其内容如下：

A robot is a one-armed, blind idiot with limited memory which
cannot speak, see or hear.
机器人是一个独臂的、不长眼睛的，
具有一定记亿 能力、
不会说
话、不会看、也不会听的“老实人”
。





Despite the tremendous capability of currently available robots,
even the most poorly prepared worker is better equipped than a robot
to
handle
many
of
the
situations
which
occur
in
the
work
cell.
Workers, for example, realize when they have dropped a part on the
floor
or
when
a
parts
feeder
is
empty.
Without
a
host
of
sensors
a
robots simply does not have any of this information; and even with
the most sophisticated sensor system available, a robot cannot match
an experienced operator. The design of a good automated work cell

therefore requires the use of peripheral equipment interfaced to the

robot
controller
to
even
approximate
the
sensory
capability
of
a
human operator
．

尽管如今我们的机器人具有超强的能力
,
但即使最缺乏训练的
工人在处理其 工作单元中发生的许多事情方面也比机器人要好。
例如
,