epox中美家庭教育方式比较-文献综述

2021年1月19日发(作者：技术路线图)

中美家庭教育方式比较
-
文献综
述


1. Introduction
It is obvious that children are the future of the country and the family education
is the first step of children's growing. In the 21st century, international competition is
becoming
fiercer.
And
it
is
a
competition
for
talents
fundamentally.
Thus,
each
country
should
pay
more
attention
to
family
education
in
the
education
projects.
Consequently, so many countries are researching how to teach the children and how
to
create
the
better
family
education.
However,
in
the
world,
many
people
only
combined all kinds of family education ignorantly, which has a bad influence.

Nowadays Chinese parents have become more aware of the importance of their
children’s
education
that
they
hope
they
can
provide
their
children
with
the
best
education they can afford. However, there are many parents adapting very harsh and
extreme
methodology,
which
is
incorrect,
and
very
common
in
present
China.
In
order to find a better way to educate our children, we should study other countries’
experiences.
There are many types of family education in the world, and American
family education is the most famous one. So it is necessary and significant to make a
comparison of the differences of family education between America and China. This
paper is written to compare Chinese family education and American family education
superficially, which may offer some lessons to family education.

2. Literature Review




As
we
all
know,
family
is
the
first
place
and
plays
an
essential
role
for
the
children to receive initial education
．
In order to better understand the importance of
family education, I studied many works of some famous scholars and experts. They
have studied
the topic from
many different angles, such as the definition, the aims,
the methods, the results and the reasons and so on. From their studies, I realized that
China
and
America
have
remarkable
differences
in
family
education
．
so
，
right
understanding and drawing lessons from advanced foreign education methods are of
great realistic significances to facilitate the healthy growth of children and to enhance

2

the quality of future talent
．
However, there is something that I thought different from
those
experts,
since
we
should
not
only
focus
on
the
weak
point
of
Chinese
family
education, there is
also some lessons
that the
Americans should learn from us. The
following are what I studied from those famous scholars and experts.
2.1 The definition of family education
According
to
Meng
Xiaojia:
“Family
education
is
defined
as:
The
phenomenon
that parents or the elder family members educate the children consciously, which is
the
most
important
part
in
education
system.”(
孟小佳，
2010:193)
Also,
there
is
another
similar
saying
from
Wang
Jing
:
“The
family
is
the
first
as
well
as
the
last
school
of
mankind.
Everyone
is
receiving
education
and
participating
in
education
activities,
consciously
or
unconsciously
during
his
whole
life.
Family
education
influences individuals most profoundly and lasts the longest.”(
王婧，
2011:327) Huang
Xiaoyong
says
that
family
education

not
only
refers
to
parents
or
elder
people’s
teaching
to
the
younger
generation,
but
also
the
inter-education
between
family
members.(
黄小勇，
2009:101)
2.2 The aims of family education
Huang Heqing says :
“The aims of family education influence its direction and decide
its re
sults. Thus the aim is the core of family education, and it’s the basic reason of
the differences of China and American education.”(
黄河清：
2003)

Wang Dali points
out that in America
，
the purpose of family education is to train independent children
so
they
could
survive
in
all
kinds
of
social
conditions
and
situations
．
However
，
in
China
，
most parents expect their daughters to be phoenix like and their sons to be
dragon like
．
They wish their children to go into a top university and find a decent job.
（王大利，
2011:172
）

2.3 The methods of family education
Zhang
Yangmei
has
mentioned:
“Influenced
by
traditional
culture,
Chinese
parents are usually more imperative than democratic, which do not benefit children’s
healthy upbringing. We should put forward “relax and open” education.”(
张仰媚，

3

2011)
On
the
contrary,
Zhang
Wei
says:
“American
parents
usually
respect
their
children’s interest and
decisions; the family education is democratic and open. They
often solve different kinds of problems by discussing with their children equally
.”(
张
威，
2008:144)

The paragraph above is mainly about parents’ attitude to their children; there is
also another difference between parents from the two countries. Li Xin writes in has
article:
“Chinese parents have over
-protected their children, which lead
to children’s
dependence and make them devoid of the ability to recognize and evaluate their own
value
and
capacity.
While
American
parents
tend
to
train
children
to
live
independently and only pay attention to their safety.”(
栗新，
2006:39)
2.4 The results of family education
Different
methods
lead
to
different
results.
Zeng
Zhilan
says:
“American
children show their strong ability to live independently since they are young. On the
contrary, Chinese children and teenagers, even college students, though excellent in
their
study,
lack
of
self-awareness
and
ability
to
adjust
them
to
new
environment,
what’s more, they have strong reliance to others and lack of courage to do things.”(
曾
芝兰，
2006:163) Due to this, “they suppose that what kind of person their children
will
be
is
up
to
themselves.
As
America
is
an
individualistic
country
with
a
fine
welfare system, parents don’t expect their children to support them after they get old
so there could be fewer worries.”(
邵旋
&
张晶中，
2010)
2.5 The reasons of the two different kinds of family education
What
Pu
Dezhen
and
Sun
Aixue
point
out
is
that
the
great
difference
of
educational tradition is the basic cause which contributes to the differences of family
education
between
China
and
American.
(
卜德镇
&
孙爱学，
2008:108)
“in
family,
childr
en
will
accept
their
parents’
attitude
to
value
gradually.
China
is
typical
country with community interest, it emphasizes the identification of the whole family
not
the
individual,
while
American
emphasize
the
awareness
of
“I”,
individuals
should be indep
endent. They encourage competition rather than cooperation.”(
焦潇，

4

2008
：
139)
2.6 The enlightenment from American family education
“The important sign of modern society is digitalization and information. There is
a “digital gap” in information between parents
and children. Parents need to study
and
“grow
up”
continuously
to
shape
children’s
healthy
soul.”(
李昊凤

&
闵正威，
2008:22)
This
is
just
one
aspect
from
parents
themselves,
“To
educate
young
generations better, we need efforts from different groups. At first, the
coordination
between parents and school is the key point, only through close cooperation can we
improve the education quality.”(
李亚
&
周侠，
2007:10)
Different education methods are the results of different culture; they have their
own reasonability in respective
cultural value. “To Chinese parents, family education
should be over-
all, and can’t only focus on the “intelligence education”, What’s more,
they
should
not
only
pay
attention
to
children’s
physical
health,
but
also
to
their
mental health.”(
胡骑兵，
2010
：
39)

The
above
are
all
what
I
have learnt
from
the
works
of
those
famous
scholars
and
experts,
every
part
is
important
for
me
to
study
family
education.
So,
in
the
following
part,
I
will
process
my
thesis
according
to
those
part,
also,
I
will
add
something
that
I
think
different
from
them.
Since
Chinese
family
education
and
American family education each has its advantages and disadvantages, we need to be
at a balanced side to study this topic.

3. The Definition of Family Education
Family
education is
defined as an education given
by parents to children after
the children are born. It is the basic and the most important education model of the
society. In the dictionary, the definition of family education is explained in this way:
Parents or elder generation educate the child or teenage in family. Different society
needs different family education. There is also someone explained it in another way:

5

Education is a society use to educate new generation with aims and systems.
Meng
Xiaojia
says:
“F
amily
education
is
defined
as:
The
phenomenon
that
parents or
the elder family
members
educate
the children consciously,
which
is
the
most important part in education system.
”
For the sake of the changing situation, the
definition of family education should be extended: Family education is not only
the
action of family but concerns
the whole society.
The aim of family education is
not
only
at
studying
the
family
relation
and
living
skills,
but
also
the
all-round
development
of
every
family
member.
Family
education
is
not
only
the
way
that
parents or elder generation educate the child or teenage in family, but all the family
members
educate
each
other.
Family
education
is
not
only
the
education
of
the
pre- school education, but also all life education.

4. Different Family Education Methods of the Two Countries
4.1 Methods of Chinese family education
4.1.1 Take care of everything for children in daily life
For
the
sake
of
sustainable
and
harmonious
development,
our
country
has
carried
out
the
one
child
policy
as
family
planning,
f
or
this
reason
there’s
an
increasing
number
of
families
with
one
child,
parents
tend
to
over-indulge
their
children
in
a
surprising
way.
They
always
try
to
do
almost
everything
for
their
children,
such
as
helping
them
washing,
cooking
meals,
bathing,
etc.
let
alone
the
housework.
In
short,
many
Chinese
parents,
especially
the
parents
with
one
child,
arrange and decide everything for their children or even become the substitution of
their children almost in all aspects of life.

The serious consequence is that many children cannot do these things that they
should
do
in
their
age.
For
instance,
the
three-year-old
children
cannot
wear
by
themselves,
the
six-year-
old
children
cannot
tie
their
own
shoes.
“In
the
city,
the
primary school students need their parents to accompany them to go to school and go
home,
and
they
let
their
parents
take
bags
for
them;
many
middle
school
students

6

cannot
wash
their
own
clothes;
the
most
serious
thing
is
that
many
university
students need their parents to accompany them to enrol
l at the first year.” (
曾芝兰，
2006:163) In a word, many parents finish everything for their children.
4.1.2 Laissez-faire with children
’
s economic needs
Chinese
parents
are
always
laissez-faire
to
their
children
on
economy.
Many
Chinese parents are obedient t
o their children’s any requirements on economy. Both
rich
families
and
poor
families
are
likely
to
fulfill
their
children’s
requirements
without preconditions, because they hope their children have a superior sense when
compared
with
others
in
material
conditions.
They
save
money
from
different
expenditure or borrow from others to meet their kids’ demands. The serious result of
these parents’ behaviors is that children can not understand the difficulties of life and
do not know why they should save. The worst consequence is that many children do
not
like
to
do
their
own
work, but
ask
others
to
do
it for
them
by
means
of
giving
others money. We can see this kind of phenomenon here and there in our daily life.
This is the direct consequence of the laissez- faire on economy.

4.1.3 Over-protect children in social activities
Many parents fear that their children will face a lot of difficulties or become bad
boys
in
the
society.
They
protect
their
children
excessively
in
social
activities
and
always reduce their ch
ildren’s chances to contact with society or do not let the
m go to
the
outside
alone.
Once
a
dispute
or
an
unpleasant
thing
happened
between
their
children,
they
usually
do
not
like
to
learn
the
truth
but
only
accuse
others.
That
makes the dispute into a seriously conflict or a dispute among parents. These parents
always
are
proud
of
what
they
did
for
their
children,
because
they
think
that
they
have safeguarded the interests of their children. But, in fact, they do not realize that
what they did for their k
ids have a negative effect on the children’s growth because
these
behaviors
have
deprived
of
their
children’s
right
and
opport
unities
to
experience the life that they should learn in the early age. And they have no chances
to learn how to distinguish between right and wrong.

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