守护神英文英语四级段落信息匹配题练习及答案

2021年1月19日发(作者：密语)


英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案（
6
）

Directions:

In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in
one
of
the
paragraphs.
Identify
the
paragraph
from
which
the
information
is derived. You
may choose
a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is
marked with a letter.

长篇阅读


Beauty and Body Image in the Media



[A] Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women
—
and their body
parts
—
sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television
actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been
known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women’s magazines are full
of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds,
they’ll have it all—
the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex,
and a rewarding career.



[B]
Why
are
standards
of
beauty
being imposed
on
women,
the
majority
of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The
roots,
some
analysts
say,
are
economic.
By
presenting
an
ideal
difficult
to achieve and maintain the cosmetic and diet product industries are
assured of growth and profits. And it’s no accident that youth is
increasingly
promoted,
along
with
thinness,
as
an
essential
criterion
of
beauty.
If
not
all
women
need
to
lose
weight,
for
sure
they’re
all
aging,
says the Quebec Action Network for Women’s Health in its 2001 report.
And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt
with.



[C]
The
stakes
are
huge.
On
the
one
hand,
women
who
are
insecure
about
their
bodies
are
more
likely
to
buy
beauty
products,
new
clothes,
and
diet
aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere
between
40
to
100
billion
(U.S.)
a
year
selling
temporary
weight
loss
(90%
to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research
indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female
bodies is linked to depression, loss of self- esteem and the development
of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.



[D ] The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating
Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses
unhealthy
methods
of weight
control
—
including
fasting,
skipping
meals,
excessive
exercise,
laxative
(
泻药
)abuse,
and
self-induced
vomiting.
The
pressure
to
be
thin
is
also
affecting
young
girls:
the
Canadian
Women’s
Health
Network
warns that
weight
control
measures
are
now
being
taken
by
girls
as
young
as
5
and
6.
American
statistics
are
similar.
Several
studies,
such
as
one
conducted
by
Marika
Tiggemann
and
Levina
Clark
in
2006
titled
“Appearance
Culture
in
9
-
to
12-Year-Old
Girls:
Media
and
Peer
Influences
on
Body
Dissatisfaction,”
indicate
that
nearly
half
of
all
preadolescent
girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are
aware of the concept of
dieting.
In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35
percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and
that
50
to
70
percent
of
normal
weight
girls
believe
they
are
overweight.
Overall
research
indicates
that
90%
of
women
are
dissatisfied
with
their
appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that,
“Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the
television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious
about
our weight.”



[ E] Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of
female beauty are unattainable
for all but
a very small
number of women.
Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll
proportions,
for
example,
found
that
her
back
would
be
too
weak
to
support
the
weight
of
her
upper
body,
and
her
body
would
be
too
narrow
to
contain
more
than
half
a
liver
and
a
few
centimeters
of
bowel.
A
real
woman
built
that
way
would
suffer
from
chronic
diarrhea
(
慢性腹泻
)and
eventually
die
from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel (which manufactures
Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least
one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek
a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally
devastating
health
consequences.
In
2006
it
was
estimated
that
up
to
450,
000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder.



[F
]
Researchers
report
that
women’s
magazines
have
ten
and
one
-half
times more ads and art
icles promoting weight loss than men’s magazines
do, and over three-
quarters of the covers of women’s magazines include
at
least
one
message
about
how
to
change
a
woman’s
bodily
appearance—
by
diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the
importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman’s worth. Canadian
researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female
characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in
twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive
negative comments from male characters about their bodies (“How about
wearing
a
sack?
，
，
)
，
and
80
percent
of
these
negative
comments
are
followed
by canned audience laughter.



[G] There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (
才氐
制，反抗
)the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce
has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and
Chatelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models
less
than
25
years
of
age.
In
Madr
id,
one
of
the
world’s
biggest
fashion
capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006.
Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to
standardize
clothing
sizes
through
using
a
unique
process
in
which
a
laser
beam is us
ed to measure real life women’s bodies in order to find the
most true to life measurement.



[
H]
Another
issue
is
the
representation
of
ethnically
diverse
women
in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon
titled
“A
Changing
Vie
w:
Representation
and
Effects
of
the
Portrayal
of
Women of Color in Mainstream Women’s Magazines” found that although
there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall
white women were overrepresented in mainstream women’s magazines f
rom
1999 to 2004.



[I]
The
barrage
of
messages
about
thinness,
dieting
and
beauty
tells
“ordinary” women that they are always in need of adjustment—
and that
the female body is
an object
to
be perfected. Jean Kilbourne argues that
the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means
that real women’s bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The
real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these



stereotypes,
and
judge
themselves
by
the
beauty
industry’s
standa
rds.
Women learn to compare themselves to